Flavonoid analysis of european species of the genus Hypochoeris (Asteraceae) (original) (raw)
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Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers for Asteraceae
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2001
Flavonoids have been shown to be good taxonomic markers for Asteraceae. More than 800 compounds comprising 4700 flavonoid occurrences were included in a computational system specially made for chemotaxonomic purposes. Some implications of flavonols, flavones and other types as well as structural features of them are discussed for tribes and subtribes of Asteraceae. #
Molecular and phytochemical systematics of the subtribe Hypochaeridinae (Asteraceae, Cichorieae)
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2011
The systematics of the Hypochaeridinae subtribe was re-evaluated based on a combination of published and new molecular data. Newly found clades were additionally characterized using published and new phytochemical data. In addition to flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones, which had been reviewed recently as chemosystematic markers in the Cichorieae, we analysed the reported occurrences of caffeic acid derivatives and their potential as chemosystematic markers. Our molecular results required further changes in the systematics of the genus Leontodon. Based on previous molecular data, Leontodon s.l.-i.e. including sections Asterothrix, Leontodon, Thrincia, Kalbfussia, and Oporinia (Widder 1975)-had been split into the genera Leontodon s.str. (sections Asterothrix, Leontodon, and Thrincia) and Scorzoneroides (sections Kalbfussia and Oporinia). Instead of splitting Leontodon into even a higher number of segregate genera we propose to include Hedypnois into Leontodon s.str. and here into section Leontodon. Moreover, sections Asterothrix and Leontodon should be merged into a single section Leontodon. The newly defined genus Leontodon is characterised by the unique occurrence of hydroxyhypocretenolides. The monophyly of the genus Hypochaeris is neither supported nor contradicted and potentially comprises two separate molecular clades. The clade Hypochaeris I comprises the majority of the European and Mediterranean as well as all South American taxa of Hypochaeris s.l. while the clade Hypochaeris II encompasses only H. achyrophorus L., H. glabra L., H. laevigata Benth. & Hook.f., and H. radicata L.
Flavonoids as chemosystematic markers in the tribe Cichorieae of the Asteraceae
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2010
This review summarizes reports on flavonoids from the Cichorieae (Lactuceae) tribe of the Asteraceae family. A total of 135 different compounds have been reported from 354 taxa belonging to 299 species, including many cultivars of common vegetables like chicory and lettuce. The reported compounds encompass flavanones (11 compounds), flavanonols (2 compounds), flavones (72 compounds), flavonols (35 compounds), anthocyanidins (9 compounds), isoflavonoids (2 compounds), chalcones (3 compounds), and an aurone. So far only 43 of the approximately 100 currently recognized genera of the tribe Cichorieae have been investigated for the occurrence of flavonoids. The distribution of the various classes of flavonoids is analyzed with regards to data from the current molecular-based reassessment of the systematics of the tribe.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2007
Flavonóides são considerados bons marcadores químicos da família Asteraceae. Nesse artigo 4700 ocorrências de flavonóides (cerca de 800 substâncias) foram utilizadas em um sistema especialista desenvolvido para estudos taxonômicos. Através do uso de Mapas Auto-Organizáveis foram estabelecidas relações filogenéticas entre as subfamílias e as tribos de Asteraceae, as quais foram classificadas com base no número de ocorrências e nos padrões de oxidação de flavonóides. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a diferenciação das duas subfamílias de Asteraceae a correlação de tribos na subfamília Cichiroideae de acordo com a árvore topológica proposta por Karis o agrupamento de tribos de acordo com a árvore baseada em dados de CpDNA proposta por Jansen e separar as subtribos de Asteroideae bem como as tribos de acordo com o grau de metoxilação x glicosilação de flavonóides. A partir desses resultados pode-se afirmar que o método descrito com dados químicos pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta complementar na classificação de plantas.
Chemotaxonomic value of flavonoids in Chromolaena congesta (Asteraceae)
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2017
The phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Chromolaena congesta led to the isolation of nine flavonoids, known in the literature as genkwanin (1) kumatakenin (2) acacetin (3), kaempferol 3-methyl ether (4), apigenin (5), apigenin 5,7-dimethyl ether (6), apigenin 5-methyl ether (7), luteolin (8) and kaempferol (9). The chemical structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence. All the compounds were isolated from this species for the first time. The results from the present study provide further information about the flavonoids as taxonomic marker of the genus Chromolaena, and the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds were also summarized.
A Phylogenetic Analysis of Tribes of the Asteraceae Based on Phytochemical Data
Natural product communications
This work describes the first phylogenetic analysis of the entire Asteraceae based only on chemical data. The data matrix used in this study was based on a large chemical database comprising ~400 skeletal types of terpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, benzofurans and polyacetylenes isolated from the family. Hypotheses about the relationships among tribes are discussed based on the chemical data and compared with relationships inferred from the morphological and macromolecular based classifications.
Distribution and chemotaxonomic significance of flavonoids inAloe (Asphodelaceae)
1998
N-Methylprolines were detected in all fourteen species of Rhamnaceae tested, representing eleven genera and it is probable that these compounds are a chemotaxonomic feature of the family. Various species in different genera of other families previously reported to contain N-methylprolines were examined for their presence, but these were found as constituents of only a limited number of the tested species, although they were a feature of particular genera, for example Annona, Berberis, Phoradendron, Laurus and Trichilia. In most of the species found to contain N-methylprolines, their content was high, the yield from the majority of species being in excess of 0.5 % of the dry weight. In the limited number of N-methylproline-containing species in which both the aerial parts and roots of the same plant were tested separately, these compounds were detected in both, with the yields from the aerial parts being higher than those from the roots. The level of hydroxylation of the compounds in the aerial parts was higher than that in the roots.
Flavonol glycosides from Asplenium foreziense and its five related taxa and A. incisum
Biochemical systematics and ecology, 2000
The #avonoids of Asplenium foreziense, A. fontanum subsp. fontanum and subsp. pseudofontanum, A. obovatum subsp. obovatum var. obovatum and var. protobillotii, A. obovatum subsp. lanceolatum, and A. incisum were isolated and identi"ed for chemotaxonomic survey. A major constituent of all taxa was kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside. As minor compounds, kaempferol 3,7-O-glycoside and/or kaempferol 3-O-glycoside were found in A. fontanum, A. obovatum and A. foreziense, and kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside-4-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-diglucoside in A. incisum. It was suggested that A. foreziense, A. fontanum including subsp. pseudofontanum and A. obovatum including subsp. lanceolatum are not only morphologically but also chemotaxonomically related. The East Asian A. incisum was chemically and geographically di!erent from these taxa.