The Effect of Acetic Acid on Properties of Coconut Shell Filled Low Density Polyethylene Composites (original) (raw)
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Wiley
Palm kernel shell (PKS), a waste from the oil palm industry, has been utilized as filler in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) eco-composites in the present work. The effect of PKS content and coconut oil coupling agent (COCA) on tensile properties, water absorption, and morphological and thermal properties of LDPE/PKS eco-composites was investigated. The results show the increase of PKS content decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break, but increased the tensile modulus, crystallinity, and water absorption of ecocomposites. The presence of COCA as coupling agent improved the filler-matrix adhesion yield to increase the tensile strength, tensile modulus, crystallinity, and reduced water absorption of eco-composites. The better interfacial adhesion between PKS and LDPE with the addition of COCA was also evidenced by scanning electron microscopy studies. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 00:000-000,
Utilization of Hazelnut Shells as Filler in Ldpe/PP Based Polymer Composites
Polymer based composites manufactured using thermoplastic and lignocellulosic materials are increased recently. Hazelnut shells as lignocellulosic were considered as a potential filler for polymer composites. This study measured the effect of filler loading on the mechanical properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) based polymer composites. PP and LDPE were used as thermoplastic polymer. Hazelnut shells flours (HSF) were used as filler. The blends of PP, LDPE and HSF were compounded using single screw extruder and test samples were prepared through injection molding. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of the produced composites were determined in accordance with ASTM D638, ASTM D790, and ASTM D256, respectively. As a result, with increase of filler loading for PP, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EatB) and flexural strength (FS) were decreased while tensile modulus (TM) and flexural modulus (FM) were increased. Impact strength (IS) of ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Palm kernel shells (PKS) treated by commercial sodium bicarbonate (SB) filled recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) were produced using melt compounding. These environmentally friendly composites were prepared using twin-screw extruder by varying untreated and treated filler loading (0, 10 and 30 php). In this study, the tensile properties of untreated rHDPE/PKS and treated rHDPE/PKS-SB were investigated. The composites were subjected to tensile test and the fracture surfaces were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that SB treatment improved the filler-matrix adhesion and interaction of composites. Meanwhile, the SEM micrographs on the fracture surfaces confirmed that SB treatment which may influence the tensile properties of these composites.
Influence of Coconut Shell Addition on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic COMPOSITES1
Revista Árvore
In this study, composites with three types of thermoplastic matrix and cellulosic material in a proportion of 40% were produced. The three thermoplastic matrices were high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE), and the cellulosic materials were pure wood flour (Pinus taeda L) or a mixture of wood flour and coconut shell flour (Cocus nucifera L) in equal ratios. The objective was to evaluate the influence of addition of coconut shell on the physico-mechanical properties (density, strength and rigidity) and the distribution of the cellulosic material in the thermoplastic matrix of the manufactured composites. It was found that the composites had a satisfactory distribution of wood flour in thermoplastic matrices, but the addition of coconut shell promoted bubble formation in the resulting pieces and, thus, interfered with the material properties. The use of a coupling agent promoted interfacial adhesion (cellulose - thermoplastic matrix), ...
This research work developed and evaluated the mechanical properties of coconut fibre reinforced low density polyethylene (LPDE) composite material. The effect of fibre loading on the mechanical properties: tensile, flexural, and impact of the developed composite material have been investigated. Also carried out was the effect of fibre loading on the water absorptivity of the developed material. Sample categories of the developed composite were prepared by varying the fibre contents by weight at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The aim is to reduce the excessive waste disposal of LDPE materials that are largely found in the form of disposed water package materials (or pure water sachets) that usually affects the environment in the form of pollution. The water retting process was applied in extracting and cleaning fibre (or coir), while the mixed coir-LDPE (or developed composite material) was prepared by Compression Moulding Technique (CMT). The tensile and flexural properties were tested using Hounsfield Monsanto Tensometer (type w) while the impact properties were tested using the Charpy Impact testing machine. The microstructure of the composite was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fractured surface morphology of the composite samples indicated a homogeneous mixture of the coir fibre and LDPE matrix. However, weak interfacial bonding between the coir fibre and LDPE matrix was also observed. The analysis of the water absorptivity showed that the developed composite materials have low water absorptivity at low fibre loading. However, at higher fibre loading, the water absorptivity increases significantly.
Improving the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites with coconut shell particles
Composites and Advanced Materials, 2021
Conventional inorganic fillers are widely used as fillers for polymer-based composites. Though, their processing difficulties and cost have demanded the quest for credible alternatives of organic origin like coconut shell fillers. Dried shells of coconut were burnt, ground, and sifted to sizes of 63, 150, 300, and 425 µm. The ground coconut shell particles (CSP) were used as a filler to prepare polypropylene (PP) composites at filler contents of 0% to 40% via injection melt blending process to produce PP composite sheets. The effect of the filler particle size on the mechanical properties was investigated. The decrease in the size of filler (CSP) was found to improve the yield strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of PP by 8.5 MPa, 15.75 MPa, 1.72 GPa, 7.5 MPa, 100 MPa, and 10.5 HR for 63 µm at 40%, respectively. However, the elongation at break and modulus of resilience of the PP composites were seen to increase with increase...
Characterization of Palm Kernel Shell Filled Polylactic Acid Composites
2015
In this study, the mechanical properties, morphological studies and thermal properties of the PLA/PKS composites were investigated. The palm kernel shell (PKS) filled polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared at different PKS loading by using melt mixing compounding at 180 oC. The 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APE) was selected as coupling agent. The incorporation of PKS into PLA had decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PKS composites. However, the composites’ modulus of elasticity was increased with increase of PKS loading. The PLA/PKS composites treated with 3-APE had higher tensile strength and elongation at break but lower modulus of elasticity. This improvement was attributed to the enhanced PKS-PLA interaction. The better interaction of PKS and PLA was proven through scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The thermal stability of PLA/PKS composites was enhanced with 3-APE treatment.
2022
In the present work, the composite materials were prepared from coconut shell powder, palm kernel powder, and epoxy resin. The addition of coconut shell powder was considered when preparing the composite samples, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, impact, bending strength, physical behavior water absorption, as well as morphological tests, were conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Thermogravimetric Analysis for both the prepared composite material boards and chipboard. The minimal variation of tensile stress and percentage of elongation between the 50 % coconut shell powder composite material and the wooden chipboard material is 4,44 MPa and 1,00 %, respectively, according to the findings of experimental tests.The lowest compressive stress and hardness variations between coconut shell powder composite material and wooden chipboard are found to be 0,14 MPa and 3,2 MPa, respectively. It is determined that the composite materials made from waste shell powders and epoxy resin are suitable for applications such as panel boards, automotive interior dashboards, roof sheets, and doors.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials
Biocomposites have been implemented in various industrial applications. However, it is necessary to demonstrate their desired mechanical performance aspects for the near future green products. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of utilizing both coconut and pomegranate lignocellulosic fiber as green reinforcement types for the low-density polyethylene, LDPE. Desired mechanical performance trends are investigated for the green composites including the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation to break properties as a function of various reinforcement configurations. This was performed to properly optimize the reinforcement conditions to obtain desirable mechanical characteristics of such types of bio-composites for more sustainable functional attributes. Results have demonstrated that the best tensile strength for the coconut/PE was achieved at 20wt.% case with 8.2 MPa, and the best regarding this property for the pomegranate/PE was at 30wt.% with a value close t...