Acute effects of drop-jump protocols on explosive performances of elite handball players Running head: Transference effects of different PAP protocols (original) (raw)
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Acute effects of drop-jump protocols on explosive performances of elite handball players
Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2016
This study aimed to assess the acute effects of vertical and horizontal drop-jump-based post activation potentiation (PAP) protocols on neuromuscular abilities in tasks such as jumping, sprinting, and change of direction (COD). Eighteen handball players were assessed before and after PAP regimens, consisting of either vertical (VDJ) or horizontal (HDJ) single-leg drop-jumps, on countermovement jump (CMJ), linear sprint, shuttle sprint, and agility performance. The HDJ led to greater improvement of the COD performance in comparison with the VDJ (-6.8% vs. -1.3%; p<0.05), while the VDJ caused greater improvement in the CMJ task compared with the HDJs (+6.5% vs. +1%; p<0.05). Moreover, the VDJ regimens compared with HDJ induced greater changes in most of the kinetic variables associated with vertical jumping performance, such as peak ground reaction forces (+9.6% vs. +1.3%), vertical displacement (-13.4% vs. -5.3%), leg-spring stiffness (+18.6% vs. +3.6%) contact time (-9.2% vs. ...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017
This study aimed to assess the chronic effects of vertical drop jump (VDJ)-and horizontal drop jump (HDJ)-based protocols on neuromuscular explosive abilities, such as jumping, sprinting, and changes of direction (COD). Eighteen elite male handball players (age 23.4 6 4.6 years, height 192.5 6 3.7 cm, weight 87.8 6 7.4 kg) were assigned to either VDJ or HDJ group training twice a week for 10 weeks. Participants performed 5-8 sets 3 6-10 repetitions of vertical alternate (VDJ) or horizontal alternate (HDJ) 1-leg drop jumps, landing from the top of a platform 25 cm in height. Before and after training, several performance, kinetic, and kinematic variables were assessed. The HDJ led to greater improvement of the sprint time (28.5% vs. 24%, p # 0.05) and COD performance in comparison with the VDJ (27.9% vs. 21.1%, p # 0.05), whereas the VDJ caused greater improvement in the vertical jump compared with the HDJ (+8.6% vs. +4.1%, p # 0.05). Moreover, the VDJ regimen compared with the HDJ induced greater changes in the kinetic variables associated with vertical jumping performance, such as peak ground reaction forces (+10.3% vs. +4.3%), relative impulse (+12.4% vs. +5.7%), leg spring stiffness (+17.6% vs. +4.6%), contact time (CT) (210.1% vs. 21.5%), and reactive strength index (+7.2% vs. +2.1%); all comparisons with p # 0.05. Conversely, the HDJ regimen was able to improve the shortdistance and COD performances by increasing the step length (+3.5% vs. +1.5% with p # 0.05) and reducing the CT on COD (212.1% vs. 22.1% with p # 0.05) more than the VDJ. This investigation showed the crucial role that specific plyomet-ric regimens play in optimizing similar biomechanical featured functional performances, such as jumping, sprinting, and COD.
Human Movement, 2011
Purpose. Muscle post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a mechanism by which power twitch is increased after previous conditioning contractions. In this study, we determined the time-dependent effect of a loaded drop-jump protocol on sprint time and countermovement jump height in well-trained athletes. Methods. Ten athletes randomly performed the control and experimental protocols on two different days. As a pre-test, the athletes performed the vertical jump and 50 m sprint test for preload measurements. Then, the experimental or control protocol was randomly applied, where the control protocol was composed of the athletes remaining at rest for 10 min. In the experimental protocol, the athletes performed two sets of 5 drop jumps (0.75 m), with a 15 s interval between the jumps and a 3 min rest after each set. Then the vertical jump and 50 m sprint tests were performed again 5, 10, and 15 min after the protocol. Results. The experimental condition (drop jump potentiation protocol) increased performance in the vertical jump by 6% after 15 min (p < 0.01) and in the sprint by 2.4% and 2.7% after 10 and 15 min, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions. These findings suggest that the drop jump potentiation protocol increases countermovement vertical jump and sprint performance in high-performance athletes at different times, suggesting that PAP induction depends not only on the design of the protocol, but also on the effect of time and the type of exercise involved.
Purpose. Muscle post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a mechanism by which power twitch is increased after previous conditioning contractions. In this study, we determined the time-dependent effect of a loaded drop-jump protocol on sprint time and countermovement jump height in well-trained athletes. Methods. Ten athletes randomly performed the control and experimental protocols on two different days. As a pre-test, the athletes performed the vertical jump and 50 m sprint test for preload measurements. Then, the experimental or control protocol was randomly applied, where the control protocol was composed of the athletes remaining at rest for 10 min. In the experimental protocol, the athletes performed two sets of 5 drop jumps (0.75 m), with a 15 s interval between the jumps and a 3 min rest after each set. Then the vertical jump and 50 m sprint tests were performed again 5, 10, and 15 min after the protocol. Results. The experimental condition (drop jump potentiation protocol) increased performance in the vertical jump by 6% after 15 min (p < 0.01) and in the sprint by 2.4% and 2.7% after 10 and 15 min, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions. These findings suggest that the drop jump potentiation protocol increases countermovement vertical jump and sprint performance in high-performance athletes at different times, suggesting that PAP induction depends not only on the design of the protocol, but also on the effect of time and the type of exercise involved.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016
Acute post activation potentiation (PAP) is a physical conditioning activity that incorporates intense muscle activation to enhance muscular force production. Practical applications of PAP as a conditioning activity to enhance sport performance are of interest to athletes and coaches. PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of a dynamic warm-up and a dynamic warm-up followed by a PAP conditioning activity on shot put throw distance. METHODS: NCAA Division I male (n=6) and female (n=7) track and field athletes volunteered as participants for the study. The study employed a randomized repeated measures crossover design where each participant was randomly placed into one of two groups. During the first test session one group performed a dynamic warm-up followed by an 8-minute rest period then a shot put throw test. The other group performed a dynamic warm-up followed by a PAP conditioning activity comprised of 3 repetitions of a hang clean and jerk at 80% 1-RM followed by an 8-minute rest period then a shot put throw test. During week 2 the two groups crossed over with respect to the warm-up conditions and repeated the shot put throw test. Three shot put trials were collected following each warm-up condition and the best score was used for subsequent analysis. The shot put throw distances were compared between warm-up strategies with a paired t-test. RESULTS: The shot put throw scores were: PAP 10.93±1.81* and non-PAP 10.57±1.84 meters (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Within the parameters of this study, when compared to a standard dynamic warm-up, a dynamic warm-up strategy that includes a PAP event significantly improves shot put throw performance. Coaches and athletes could apply the dynamic warm-up that includes a PAP conditioning activity as implemented in this study to enhance shot put performance during competitive scenarios.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2015
Evetovich, TK, Conley, DS, and McCawley, PF. Postactivation potentiation enhances upper-and lower-body athletic performance in collegiate male and female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 29(2): 336-342, 2015-The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of postactivation potentiation (PAP)inducing activities in 4 separate studies examining vertical (VJP) and horizontal (HJP) jump performance, shot put performance (SPP), and sprint performance (SP), in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II athletes. Study 1: 12 male (mean 6 SD; age = 20.2 6 2.0 years; height = 178.1 6 6.2 cm; weight = 73.3 6 6.43 kg) and 8 female (age = 20.1 6 1.0 years; height = 169.6 6 5.5 cm; weight = 59.8 6 7.6 kg) track athletes participated in HJP and VJP testing before and after performing a parallel back squat (PBS) at 85% 1 repetition maximum (RM). Study 2: 10 (6 men and 4 women) shot put throwers (age = 20.6 6 0.7 years; height = 182.1 6 9.8 cm; weight = 102.8 6 23.6 kg) participated in SPP testing for control (C), 3RM bench press, and 3RM PBS protocols. Study 3: 7 football players (age = 20.4 6 1.6 years; weight = 87.8 6 8.3 kg; height = 184.3 6 7.2 cm) participated in SP testing before (PBS1) and after (PBS2) performing a 3RM PBS. Study 4: 11 football players (age = 20.3 6 1.8 years; height = 180.6 6 7.5 cm; weight = 86.1 6 12.8 kg) participated in VJP testing for C and 3RM PBS protocols. Results of study 1: There was a significant (p # 0.05) increase in VJP (PRE = 61.9 6 12.3 cm; POST = 63.6 6 11.6 cm) and HJP (PRE = 93.7 6 11.0 cm; POST = 95.9 6 11.5 cm). Study 2: SPP after PBS (11.67 6 1.92 m) was not different vs. C (11.77 6 1.81), but bench press (11.91 6 1.81 m) was significantly greater (p # 0.05) than both PBS and C. Study 3: SP time was significantly lower for PBS2 (4.6014 6 0.17995 seconds) vs. PB1 (4.6557 6 0.19603 seconds). Study 4: There was no difference in VJP for C (68.35 6 2.16 cm) vs. PBS (68.12 6 2.51 cm). Our data show that a 3RM PBS resulted in significant improvements in VJP, HJP, SPP, and SP in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II male and female athletes. Strength and conditioning practitioners should potentially alter their warm-up programs to include PAP protocols to enhance performance of power athletes. However, there were nonresponders in each study, and coaches and athletes need to determine whether it is worthwhile to identify nonresponders before implementing PAP protocols.
INFLUENCE OF POSTACTIVATION POTENTIATION ON SPRINTING PERFORMANCE IN PROFESSIONAL RUGBY PLAYERS
Bevan, HR, Cunningham, DJ, Tooley, EP, Owen, NJ, Cook, CJ, and Kilduff, LP. Influence of postactivation potentiation on sprinting performance in professional rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 24(3): 701–705, 2010—After a bout of high-intensity exercise of short duration (preload stimulus), the muscle is in both a fatigued and potentiated (referred to as postactivation potentiation [PAP]) state. Consequently, subsequent muscle performance depends on the balance of these 2 factors. Although research has shown PAP to be an effective method of increasing power during both the squat jumps, little data exist on its effect on more functional activities such as sprinting. The present study aimed to determine the effect of PAP on sprint performance in professional rugby players. Sixteen professional male rugby players performed 5 10-m sprints (with a 5-m split): baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 minutes after the preload stimulus (1 set of 3 repetitions of the back squat at 91% 1 Repetition Maximum [RM]). There was no significant time effect over the duration of the study with regard to 5-m (p = 0.175) and 10-m sprint times (p = 0.401). However, when individual responses to PAP were taken into account, a significant improvement in sprint performance was observed over both 5 (Baseline: 1.09 6 0.06s vs. Best time: 1.05 6 0.05s, p = 0.002) and 10 m (Baseline: 1.83 6 0.08s vs. Best time: 1.79 6 0.08s, p = 0.003) compared with the baseline sprint. We conclude that sprinting performance is enhanced after a preload stimulus providing adequate and individualized recovery is given between the 2 activities, and this may have important implications for training speed.
Influence of Postactivation Potentiation on Shot Put Performance of Collegiate Throwers
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2016
After a bout of highintensity exercise of short duration (preload stimulus), the muscle is in both a fatigued and potentiated (referred to as postactivation potentiation [PAP]) state. Consequently, subsequent muscle performance depends on the balance of these 2 factors. Although research has shown PAP to be an effective method of increasing power during both the squat jumps, little data exist on its effect on more functional activities such as sprinting. The present study aimed to determine the effect of PAP on sprint performance in professional rugby players. Sixteen professional male rugby players performed 5 10-m sprints (with a 5-m split): baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 minutes after the preload stimulus (1 set of 3 repetitions of the back squat at 91% 1 Repetition Maximum [RM]). There was no significant time effect over the duration of the study with regard to 5-m (p = 0.175) and 10-m sprint times (p = 0.401). However, when individual responses to PAP were taken into account, a significant improvement in sprint performance was observed over both 5 (Baseline: 1.09 6 0.06s vs. Best time: 1.05 6 0.05s, p = 0.002) and 10 m (Baseline: 1.83 6 0.08s vs. Best time: 1.79 6 0.08s, p = 0.003) compared with the baseline sprint. We conclude that sprinting performance is enhanced after a preload stimulus providing adequate and individualized recovery is given between the 2 activities, and this may have important implications for training speed.