Assessment of Suspended Sediments Concentration in Surface Waters, Using Modis Images (original) (raw)
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Remote Sensing of Suspended Sediment Over Gulf of Martaban
Ekologia, 2015
Gulf of Martaban is located at the north of Andaman, and is one of the world most turbid areas. The presence of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the water body could reduce the underwater transmittance. This study has been conducted to investigate the variation of SSC over the Gulf of Martaban. Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of 667 nm is used as a proxy to represent the sediment SSC variation over the study area. The data for the period of July 2002 to March 2014 acquired from MODIS Aqua 4 km resolution are used in this study. As a result, there is no obvious yearly variation in the SSC cover area. The SSC variation over this study area is found to be seasonal. High homogenous SSC covers area observably during the northeast (NE) monsoon season that occurs from December to January. The sediment cover area could reach the latitude of 15°N that located at the south of the gulf. During southwest (SW) monsoon season that occurs from May to September, low and sparse SSC cover a...
Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, 2019
Nowadays the use of multi sensor satellite data for developing and mapping the distribution of suspended particulates in coastal area, sea and ocean waters is increasing in many sciences including environmental and marine studies. This study focuses on using remote sensing satellite images to monitor and detect Suspended Sediment (SS) event of coastal areas. MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)-Terra satellite sensor data (9 Jun 2018) of the east coast of Caspian Sea (between Turkmenistan and Iran) and the northwestern of Persian Gulf (between Iran, Iraq, Kuwait) were used. For detecting Suspended Sediments Event (SSE) low-spatial resolution (250-1000m) sea and ocean color satellites data can be used. Multi-spectral sensor satellite images over the Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf have been analyzed to detect, to characterize and to classify suspended sediments in this part. Moreover, this paper discusses suspended sediments detection by using multi sensor satellite images and spectrum matching has been used to identify the sediments areas. In particular through the spectrum matching the direct identification of specific materials has been carried out via the extraction of the specific spectral features. ENVI software has been used to carry out the analysis. Using this software, the suspended sediments close to the coastal area have been successfully detected.
Collecting information about Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC), in coastal Waters and estuaries is vital for proper management of coastal environments. Traditionally, SSC used to be measured by time consuming and costly point measurements. This Method allows you to accurately measure SSC only for a point in space and time. Remote sensing from airborne and space-borne sensors have proved to be a useful method to such studies as it provides an instantaneous and synoptic view of sediments that would otherwise be unavailable. The reason for success of remote sensing in such surveys is the strong positive relationship that exists between SSC and remotely sensed spectral radiance. This spectral radiance could be in the sun reflected and/or scattered or thermal terrestrial wavelength band. To find an algorithm relating SSC to spectral radiance over Bahmansheer River estuary at the NorthWest of Persian Gulf, a three-month field measurement (April to June 2003) was conducted while we had MODIS sensor on board of Terra over-passed the scene simultaneously. Ninety samples in fifteen trips were collected. Also the environmental parameters such as atmospheric visibility, air and water temperature, current direction and speed at the sampling point, wind speed and humidity were measured simultaneously. A close correlation between tide and SSC was observed. It is found that in the flood, the width of the turbid area at the estuary decreases while in the ebb, the suspended sediment distribution extends to the deeper region. Change detection by comparison between a base image of high tide/low tide conditions and any image can be used as a tool for detection of tidal conditions. This would be a powerful tool for monitoring erosion at the coastal area and estuaries.
Abstract: Remote sensing image acquired over a turbid coastal area shows high reflectance in green and red wavelengths. The heightened of reflectance in these wavelengths are due to the contribution of sediment and bottom reflectance in the water and the present of aerosol in the atmosphere over that area. In this paper a simple method to remove sediment and bottom reflectance contribution from remote sensing data over turbid coastal waters for MODIS 0.55, 0.66 and 0.86 μm channels is proposed. We utilized first seven MODIS solar channels centered at 0.47, 0.55, 0.66, 0.86, 1.24, 1.64 and 2.13 μm originally designed for remote sensing over land and cloud properties. This algorithm is based on the excess reflectance at 0.55, 0.66 and 0.87 μm wavelength using the power law model that can be associated to the presence of sediment. The excess value of the reflectance was discarded, to obtain the atmospheric contribution in the data. The sample results from applications of the algorithm to several MODIS datasets acquired over the Gulf of Martaban were presented. This study shows that the sediment and bottom reflectance that influence remote sensing data over turbid coastal water are successfully removed. Key words: MODIS, remote sensing, sediment, power law, turbid water.
Analysis of Multi Temporal Satellite Imagery for Total Suspended Sediment in Coastal Water
Total suspended sediments - TSS control has great importance for coastal managers and audiences as direct results for its drastic effects on any coastal ecosystem. Remote sensing techniques have been applied in this study for detection, study, and analyzing the suspended sediment manner in Gaza Strip coastal area in Palestine as a wave active coastal area. Five different Landsat satellite images have readily detected TSS concentrations in the study area included error margin that regarding many causes, such as images' acquisition date difference from sampling date, and circulation and tides. First of all, remote sensing and attribute data were collected about the study area. We downloaded five different Landsat scenes for Gaza coastal zone. Another 64 tested and coordinated TSS samples for different points along Gaza coast have been granted by University of Palestine Civil Engineering Department. Digital numbers - DN for relative brightness were obtained for each sample point in the optical and NIR bands for regression establishing between DNs and their corresponding TSS concentrations in each pixel. Five different regression equations were also obtained, each one was as a function of DN and TSS as output. Each equation contained such a correlation factor -R. Correlation factors values were 0.608, 0.668, 0.700, 0.702, and 0.644 for the 1999, 2003, 2010, 2014, and 2015 images respectively. Correlation factor values inversely proportional with the time difference between acquisition and sampling dates. After that whole pixel bands that contained highest correlation in all images have entered in its regression equation to calculate TSS concentration in mg\l, and generate five TSS concentration maps. xii Moreover, a detailed analysis and discussion were established to study TSS behavior in the target study area. Suspended sediment transport direction via counterclockwise circulation from Nile River has been shown. TSS deposition on the Gaza Seaport and the sequenced erosion and accretion problem was also discussed beside high and low TSS concentration places along shorelines in Gaza Coastal zone. Keywords: TSS, Landsat, circulation, water column.
International Journal of Environmental Research, 2013
This study presents an empirical relationship of suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) in the coastal waters, which is derived from the conventional methods, to radiometer remote sensing reflectance values (Rrs) and satellite data in coastal waters of Kerala. An algorithm is then developed to utilize both in situ SSCs measured from conventional methods and Rrs values. This algorithm is validated with the SSCs retrieved from Oceansat-2 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) data. A significant coefficient of determination (R2=0.62) is observed between the SSCs measured in situ and satellite derived SSCs. Reflectance values from more than two spectral wavelength bands are also employed to test the accuracy of results. Satellite derived SSCs range from 1- 40 mg/L in the coastal waters off Cochin, southwest India. The regional algorithm developed for the study area gives better results than Tassan’s algorithm, and this algorithm can be used in estimation of SSC for coastal waters of western India.
International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2016
Sediment load materials is one of the key factors that determine the surface water quality, both of oceanic and river water, and it specifies water optical properties. Thus it provides a background for a plenty of applications and projects in the water and oceanography community. Landsat detects and classifies reflected solar energy from bodies on the earth's surface. Suspended sediments existing in water column have an optical influences. So that, Landsat images could detect suspended sediments concentration in such a water surface. In this study we have three main objectives to be achieved as; TSS Concentration maps generation in the Gaza Strip coastal zone, achieving analysis processes on TSS trend itself and TSS related coastal phenomenon, and investigation of the ability of Landsat images to detect TSS comprehensively in a wavy coastal zone. For this purpose two landsat TM5 images acquired in 1999 and 2010, one Landsat TM7 images acquired in 2003, and 2 Landsat Oli 8 ima...
Remote Sensing of Tidal Situation by Monitoring Changes in Suspended Sediment
2010
Waters and estuaries is vital for proper management of coastal environments. Traditionally, SSC used to be measured by time consuming and costly point measurements. This Method allows you to accurately measure SSC only for a point in space and time. Remote sensing from air-borne and space-borne sensors have proved to be a useful method to such studies as it provides an instantaneous and synoptic view of sediments that would otherwise be unavailable. The reason for success of remote sensing in such surveys is the strong positive relationship that exists between SSC and remotely sensed spectral radiance . This spectral radiance could be in the sun reflected and/or scattered or thermal terrestrial wavelength band.
Space-Temporal analysis of suspended sediment in low concentration reservoir by remote sensing
RBRH
The study of small reservoirs with low suspended sediment concentration (CSS) is still a challenge for remote sensing. In this work we estimate CSS from the optical properties of water and orbital imagery. Campaigns were carried out at selected dates according to the calendar of sensor passages, rainfall seasonality and hydrograph of the reservoir for the collection of surface water samples and field spectroradiometry. The calibration between CSS and spectral behavior generated CSS estimation models from MODIS and Landsat 8 data, allowing investigation of their temporal and spatial behavior. The MODIS model generated a time series of CSS from 2000 to 2017, presenting R2 = 0.8105 and RMSE% = 39.91%. The Landsat 8 model allowed the spatial analysis of CSS, with R2 = 0.8352 and RMSE% = 15.12%. The combination of the proposed models allowed the temporal and spatial analysis of the CSS and its relationships with the rainfall regime and the quota variation of the Descoberto reservoir (DF)...