Remote Sensing of Tidal Situation by Monitoring Changes in Suspended Sediment (original) (raw)
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Collecting information about Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC), in coastal Waters and estuaries is vital for proper management of coastal environments. Traditionally, SSC used to be measured by time consuming and costly point measurements. This Method allows you to accurately measure SSC only for a point in space and time. Remote sensing from airborne and space-borne sensors have proved to be a useful method to such studies as it provides an instantaneous and synoptic view of sediments that would otherwise be unavailable. The reason for success of remote sensing in such surveys is the strong positive relationship that exists between SSC and remotely sensed spectral radiance. This spectral radiance could be in the sun reflected and/or scattered or thermal terrestrial wavelength band. To find an algorithm relating SSC to spectral radiance over Bahmansheer River estuary at the NorthWest of Persian Gulf, a three-month field measurement (April to June 2003) was conducted while we had MODIS sensor on board of Terra over-passed the scene simultaneously. Ninety samples in fifteen trips were collected. Also the environmental parameters such as atmospheric visibility, air and water temperature, current direction and speed at the sampling point, wind speed and humidity were measured simultaneously. A close correlation between tide and SSC was observed. It is found that in the flood, the width of the turbid area at the estuary decreases while in the ebb, the suspended sediment distribution extends to the deeper region. Change detection by comparison between a base image of high tide/low tide conditions and any image can be used as a tool for detection of tidal conditions. This would be a powerful tool for monitoring erosion at the coastal area and estuaries.
2020
Rabigh is a thriving coastal city located at the eastern bank of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The city has suffered from shoreline destruction because of the invasive tidal action powered principally by the wind speed and direction over shallow waters. This study was carried out to calibrate the water column depth in the vicinity of Rabigh. Optical and microwave remote sensing data from the European Space Agency were collected over 2 years (2017–2018) along with the analog daily monitoring of tidal data collected from the marine station of Rabigh. Depth invariant index (DII) was implemented utilizing the optical data, while the Wind Field Estimation algorithm was implemented utilizing the microwave data. The findings of the current research emphasis on the oscillation behavior of the depth invariant mean values and the mean astronomical tides resulted in R2 of 0.75 and 0.79, respectively. Robust linear regression was established between the astronomical tide and the mean values of the...
Assessment of Suspended Sediments Concentration in Surface Waters, Using Modis Images
American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008
Remote sensing from air-borne and space-borne sensors have proved to be a useful method for Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) estimation as it provides an instantaneous and synoptic view of suspended sediments that would otherwise be unavailable. The reason for the success of remote sensing in such surveys is the strong positive relationship that exists between SSC and remotely sensed water leaving radiance. To find an algorithm relating SSC to spectral radiance over Bahmansheer River Estuary at the North-West of Persian Gulf, a three-month field expedition (April to June 2003) was conducted while the MODIS sensor on board Terra simultaneously flew over the scene. Fifty seven samples in fifteen trips were collected. The collected samples were analyzed by measuring concentration, diameters of the sediment particles and by determining the sediment constituents. Total concentration ranged between 30 and 500 mg, the range of particle diameter was from less than a micrometer to more than 20 micrometers and finally it was found that the sediment was composed of Quartz, Kaolinite, Orthoclase, Chlorite, Calcite, Gypsum, Muscovite, Halite, Anhydrite, Apatite, Biotite and a low amount of Albite. It is found that the spectral characteristics of these compositions are partly responsible for the reflected and/or scattered energy in different bands while the correlation between larger suspended particle concentration and spectral radiance was profound.
International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2016
Sediment load materials is one of the key factors that determine the surface water quality, both of oceanic and river water, and it specifies water optical properties. Thus it provides a background for a plenty of applications and projects in the water and oceanography community. Landsat detects and classifies reflected solar energy from bodies on the earth's surface. Suspended sediments existing in water column have an optical influences. So that, Landsat images could detect suspended sediments concentration in such a water surface. In this study we have three main objectives to be achieved as; TSS Concentration maps generation in the Gaza Strip coastal zone, achieving analysis processes on TSS trend itself and TSS related coastal phenomenon, and investigation of the ability of Landsat images to detect TSS comprehensively in a wavy coastal zone. For this purpose two landsat TM5 images acquired in 1999 and 2010, one Landsat TM7 images acquired in 2003, and 2 Landsat Oli 8 ima...
Remote Sensing of Suspended Sediment Over Gulf of Martaban
Ekologia, 2015
Gulf of Martaban is located at the north of Andaman, and is one of the world most turbid areas. The presence of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the water body could reduce the underwater transmittance. This study has been conducted to investigate the variation of SSC over the Gulf of Martaban. Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of 667 nm is used as a proxy to represent the sediment SSC variation over the study area. The data for the period of July 2002 to March 2014 acquired from MODIS Aqua 4 km resolution are used in this study. As a result, there is no obvious yearly variation in the SSC cover area. The SSC variation over this study area is found to be seasonal. High homogenous SSC covers area observably during the northeast (NE) monsoon season that occurs from December to January. The sediment cover area could reach the latitude of 15°N that located at the south of the gulf. During southwest (SW) monsoon season that occurs from May to September, low and sparse SSC cover a...
Analysis of Multi Temporal Satellite Imagery for Total Suspended Sediment in Coastal Water
Total suspended sediments - TSS control has great importance for coastal managers and audiences as direct results for its drastic effects on any coastal ecosystem. Remote sensing techniques have been applied in this study for detection, study, and analyzing the suspended sediment manner in Gaza Strip coastal area in Palestine as a wave active coastal area. Five different Landsat satellite images have readily detected TSS concentrations in the study area included error margin that regarding many causes, such as images' acquisition date difference from sampling date, and circulation and tides. First of all, remote sensing and attribute data were collected about the study area. We downloaded five different Landsat scenes for Gaza coastal zone. Another 64 tested and coordinated TSS samples for different points along Gaza coast have been granted by University of Palestine Civil Engineering Department. Digital numbers - DN for relative brightness were obtained for each sample point in the optical and NIR bands for regression establishing between DNs and their corresponding TSS concentrations in each pixel. Five different regression equations were also obtained, each one was as a function of DN and TSS as output. Each equation contained such a correlation factor -R. Correlation factors values were 0.608, 0.668, 0.700, 0.702, and 0.644 for the 1999, 2003, 2010, 2014, and 2015 images respectively. Correlation factor values inversely proportional with the time difference between acquisition and sampling dates. After that whole pixel bands that contained highest correlation in all images have entered in its regression equation to calculate TSS concentration in mg\l, and generate five TSS concentration maps. xii Moreover, a detailed analysis and discussion were established to study TSS behavior in the target study area. Suspended sediment transport direction via counterclockwise circulation from Nile River has been shown. TSS deposition on the Gaza Seaport and the sequenced erosion and accretion problem was also discussed beside high and low TSS concentration places along shorelines in Gaza Coastal zone. Keywords: TSS, Landsat, circulation, water column.
Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, 2019
Nowadays the use of multi sensor satellite data for developing and mapping the distribution of suspended particulates in coastal area, sea and ocean waters is increasing in many sciences including environmental and marine studies. This study focuses on using remote sensing satellite images to monitor and detect Suspended Sediment (SS) event of coastal areas. MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)-Terra satellite sensor data (9 Jun 2018) of the east coast of Caspian Sea (between Turkmenistan and Iran) and the northwestern of Persian Gulf (between Iran, Iraq, Kuwait) were used. For detecting Suspended Sediments Event (SSE) low-spatial resolution (250-1000m) sea and ocean color satellites data can be used. Multi-spectral sensor satellite images over the Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf have been analyzed to detect, to characterize and to classify suspended sediments in this part. Moreover, this paper discusses suspended sediments detection by using multi sensor satellite images and spectrum matching has been used to identify the sediments areas. In particular through the spectrum matching the direct identification of specific materials has been carried out via the extraction of the specific spectral features. ENVI software has been used to carry out the analysis. Using this software, the suspended sediments close to the coastal area have been successfully detected.
Recent coastline changes at the eastern part of the Meghna Estuary using PALSAR and Landsat images
In the present paper, we have focused on the recent coastline changes at the eastern part of the Meghna Estuary of Bangladesh through the application of PALSAR (The Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) and Landsat images. The area under concern is very dynamic where the combined processes of erosion and accretion take place under the influence of river discharge with heavy sediment load, wind waves and tides. It falls under the macro-tidal zone with tidal range varying from 4m to 6m or even higher. Many parts of the area is covered with intertidal mudflats. They are inundated during the high tides and get exposed during the low tides. So for the detection coastline change consideration of tidal phase is quite important which has been done in the present study. Coastline change from the year 2007 to 2013 has been presented in this paper. From the analyses of satellite images the areas of erosion and accretion of the four major offshore islands have been calculated during the above mentioned period. It has been found that the annual rate of accretion of Urir Char island has decreased from 5.84 km 2 per year between 2007~2010 to 1.05 km 2 per year between 2010~2013. On the other hand, Sandwip island has been eroding at a higher rate of 3.15 km 2 per year between 2010~2013 compared to 0.34 km 2 per year between 2007~2010. Overall, the total area of Urir Char, Sandwip and Jahajir Char island increased by about 120 km 2 from 2007 to 2013, mainly contributed by the drastic expansion of Jahajir Char island during this period.
2015
jm.froidefond(at)epoc.u-bordeaux1.fr The study concerns the quantification of suspended sediments in turbid estuarine waters from high spatial resolution remotely sensed data (SPOT-HRV, Landsat-ETM+). It is applied to the following areas: the Gironde and the Loire estuaries (France), where suspended sediment concentrations (SPM) in surface waters vary from 10 to 2000 mg l-1. The methodology is essentially empirical. Based on in situ optical measurements, calibration rela-tionships are established between the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) signal and SPM. These relationships, obtained using reflectance ratios between near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) wavebands, are relatively independent of the sediment grain-size and mineralogy, and of the illu-mination conditions (e.g. the cloud cover). Consequently, they can be applied to satellite images, even if no simultaneous in situ measurements were carried out concurrently with the satellite over-pass. A bio-optical model is used to e...