Pesticides and Its Impact on Environment, Biodiversity and Human Health- A Short Review (original) (raw)
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Pesticides and the Environment
Journal of School Health, 1972
It should be obvious, even to the most casual observer, that man must better understand the environment in which he lives. He must learn to use his resources wisely and intelligently. And this does not imply either a need or recommendation that the use of resources or the application of the latest technology be drastically curtailed. Advent of new organic pesticides in the early 1940's truly opened a new era in pest control. For the first time man was partially successful in ma nipulating his environment insofar as his ability to control insects, weeds, diseases and rodents is con cerned. Pest control has become a real and serious matter that has a direct impact on each and every one of us. Our society has gained tremendous bene fits from the use of pesticides by protecting us and our possessions from the ravages of pests. These chemicals will continue to be used in pest manage ment in spite of the adverse publicity concerning their detrimental effects on the environment. The great controversy over the use of pesti cides comes at a time when most people enjoy the highest standard of living ever known. Much of this can be attributed to the use of pesticides in the production of food and fiber, and disease con trol. Pesticidal residues and persistence seem to be the key words in discussing pesticides and the en vironment. The residue problem will always con front us when we use toxic chemicals having any degree of persistence. However, this problem is being greatly diminished through proper selection and application of pesticides. Persistence of a pesti cide is not in itself an undesirable quality, but it can become a problem, especially when it finds its way into non-target areas. Once this happens, a pesticide can become harmful to non-pest plants and animals. Furthermore, through continual exposure and repeated use some pesticides can accumulate in the environment in amounts that are detectable by. precision instruments. There are documented cases
Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Humans, Plants, Animals, Pollinators and Beneficial Organisms
Asian Plant Research Journal
Pesticides are a hidden threat to humans, animals, insects, as well as to all ecosystems. They control pests and play an important role in crop productivity and prevent vector borne-diseases in humans, but they also extremely pollute our surroundings. These toxic substances are found in soil, water, air, plants, food and feed. Their residues enter plants and animal products and accumulate in humans and animals by the food chain. They endanger our lives and put down our health, as well as demolish beneficial organisms in the environment. This paper expresses a piece of information that has been obtained from reviewing academic papers, books and other sources. People take these toxic chemicals from water, air, and agricultural products, as well as their surroundings. They are stored in humans and animals’ tissues or excreted by different routes, but their adverse effects have no end. Brain, kidneys, skin, gastrointestinal, liver, lungs, spleen and every organ of humans are suppressed ...
Impact of synthetic pesticides utilization on humans and the environment: an overview
JOURNAL, 2019
Pesticides are chemicals that kill or manage the population of pests. There are many different types of pesticides on the market today, but the most common are herbicides and insecticides, which kill or manage unwanted plants and insects. The benefits of pesticides include increased food production, increased profits for farmers and the prevention of diseases. Although pests consume or harm a large portion of agricultural crops, without the use of pesticides, it is likely that they would consume a higher percentage. More food is produced by farmers, thereby increasing profit. Pesticides also increase farm profits by helping the farmer save money on labor costs. Using pesticides reduces the amount of time required to manually remove weeds and pests from the fields. In addition to saving crops and livestock, pesticides have also had direct benefits to human health. It is estimated that since 1945, the use of pesticides has prevented the deaths of around seven million people by killing pests that carry or transmit diseases. Although there are benefits to the use of pesticides, there have also been many problems associated with their use. Pesticides do not always stay in the location where they are applied. They are mobile in the environment and often move through water, air and soil. The problem with pesticide mobility is that when they travel, the pesticides come in contact with other organisms and can cause harm. Pesticides have also been shown to disrupt the balance of an ecosystem. In many situations when a pesticide is used, it also kills non-pest organisms. This can drastically alter the natural balance of the ecosystem. By removing non-pest organisms, the environment can be changed to favor the pest. In addition to causing harm to wildlife, pesticides that travel from their original location are known to cause harm to humans. Human exposure to pesticides has caused poisonings, the development of cancer and the deaths of between 20000 and 40000 people worldwide each year. Another major problem associated with pesticide use is bioaccumulation and biological magnification. Bioaccumulation is when a substance builds up in the body because the body does not have the proper mechanisms to remove it. Many synthetic pesticides are not able to be broken down. Once they enter the body of an organism, they are permanently stored in the body tissue.
Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Environment and Biodiversity: A Review
Agricultural Reviews, 2021
The use of pesticide in modern agriculture and public health sector has been increased tremendously. Only 0.1% of pesticide applied to crops truly reaches the target, the rest of it enters into the environment. Several pesticides can persist in an ecosystem for longer periods accumulate in the body tissues of organisms and cause more health problems. Pesticide exposure generally occurs through ingestion, inhalation and skin contact or absorptions by intentionaly or unintentionaly which leads to acute and chronic health problems in non target organisms such as animals, birds, aquatic animals and human. A total of more than 100 articles related to impact of pesticide exposure were reviewed. To review the literature, we reviewed a number of studies, report and abstract between 1950 to 2020 using key words effect of pesticide on animals, birds, human, environment we used this term to search in in PubMed, ResearchGate and google scholar. Searching strategy also include cross-referencing ...
The Effects of Pesticides on Humans and the Environment
This article highlights the use of chemical agents in agriculture, which undoubtedly causes a series of environmental impacts when used improperly and puts health and human life at risk. In a methodological, qualitative, bibliographic and exploratory way, with research in magazines and books specialized in the subject, it shows the bottlenecks of pesticides, in addition to highlighting possible problems that the ecosystem faces in the face of the indiscriminate use of these products. The article also seeks to show the serious consequences that the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals can bring to the environment, when used without information and knowledge, showing in the conclusion the importance of having environmental awareness. The present study brings a review of scientific reports of impacts of pesticides on the environment and human health. Human beings are subject to direct and daily exposure to these chemical compounds in the areas of production, treatment and storage of products, and indirectly, but with no less serious consequences for being exposed to residues found in the environment and in products consumed, so in a clear and objective way environmental preservation and education are fundamental. I.
Pesticides, Environmental Pollution, and Health
Environmental Health Risk - Hazardous Factors to Living Species, 2016
In recent years, people have been exposed to several types of substances with broad spectrum due to the rapidly evolving technology. One of these chemical substance groups are pesticides. Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety, the environment, and all living things. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated pesticide use has prompted research into the environmental fate of these agents, which can emigrate from treated fields to air, other land, and water bodies. The importance of agricultural pesticides for developing countries is undeniable. However, the issue of human health and environmental risks has emerged as a key problem for these countries in accordance to a number of studies. In the last five decades, pesticide usages increased the quantity and improved the quality of food. However, with the increasing amounts of their usage, concern about their adverse effects on nontarget organisms, including human beings, has also grown. The purpose of this publication is to explain the nature of pesticides and their history, classification, risks, and effects on health and the environment.
Pesticide Residues: Impacts on Fauna and the Environment
IntechOpen, 2021
Pesticide residues are the traces of pesticide compounds that remain on or in the crop, water, soil and air after the application. Pesticide residues get into the environment as a result of application or by accident and can be found in the air, water and soil. Pesticide residues, if present in air, soil and water can pose a serious threat to biological diversity and human health. After depositing in the environment, the pesticides start to break down and forms metabolites that are more or less toxic. Pesticide residues decline as the pesticide breaks down over time, therefore the levels of residues are highest immediately after the application and diminish as the crops continue to grow. When exposed to sunlight or microorganisms in the soil, most pesticides degrade easily however, the utmost number of pesticides after application scatter into non-target areas or leach into groundwater or move in surface runoff by misuse and misapplication while handling or spraying. The impact of widespread usage of chemical pesticides has made an uncountable number of effects on human health, environment and other life forms and has turned into a serious issue across the globe. The present study aims to present an introduction to the environmental pesticide residues and various aspects highlighting their impact on nature and biodiversity.
Advances in Life Science and Technology, 2017
The adverse ecological effects occur from pesticides at all levels of biological organization. The effects can be global or local, temporary or permanent, or short-lived (acute) or long-term (chronic). The most serious effects involve loss in production, changes in growth, development and/or behavior, altered diversity or community structure, changes in system processes (such as nutrient cycling), and losses of valuable species. Pesticides can directly and indirectly impact non-target organisms like plants, bees and other pollinators, beneficial insects, fish, livestock, wildlife, humans and pollute environments like water, ground water, air and soil. The majority of pesticide have the nature of adsorbing (binding of chemicals to soil particles), persistence (ability of a pesticide to remain present and active for a long time), and volatility (the tendency of a pesticide to turn into a gas or vapor). They can be degraded by microbial action-destroying pesticide in soils, by photo de...