Evaluation of different pH levels of calcium hydroxide on Enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study (original) (raw)
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Antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide on intraluminal and intratubular enterococcus faecalis
Iranian endodontic journal, 2011
Root canal treatment involves the elimination of intraradicular microorganisms. Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)] is the most widely used canal dressing material. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) has been reported to be resistant to Ca(OH)(2) in-vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Ca(OH)(2) on the elimination of intraluminal and intratubular E. faecalis. Thirty six human single-rooted teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis. Thirty specimens in the experimental group were treated with 10% Ca(OH)(2); six specimens were treated with normal saline as the positive control (n=6). Specimens from experimental group were randomly divided into two subgroups of 15 each. In subgroup A, specimens were incubated and sampled after one day and in subgroup B, they were tested at day seven. Paper points and Gates Glidden burs were used to obtain the intraluminal and intratubular E. faecalis respectively. Samples obtained from these root canal preparations were analyzed fo...
International journal of health sciences
Aim: Antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium hydroxide against E. faecalis is the primary goal of this research, which aims to compare the effects of calcium hydroxide with and without the addition of turmeric and ocimum tenuiflorum extract. Ingredients and Procedure: Using calcium hydroxide and herbal extracts, the samples were divided into six groups. Normal saline, turmeric extract, and tulsi extract are in groups A1, B1, and C1 respectively. Calcium hydroxide and saline are in Group A; calcium hydroxide and turmeric extract are in Group B; and basil extract is in Group C. Enterococcus faecalis may be grown in brain heart infusion broth (BHI). Three equal-sized sets of media are placed in each of three wells with a diameter of 4 mm on each media plate. A sliding calliper is used to identify inhibitory zones after 1-2 days of incubation at 37°Celsius. Results: This study's statistical findings were generated entirely with SPSS version 18. P values of less than 0.04 were deemed ...
Antimicrobial Effects of Calcium Hydroxide and Chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis
Journal of Endodontics, 2010
Introduction: Endodontic treatment is commonly based on nonspecific elimination of intraradicular microorganisms. Although some authors prefer single-visit root canal operations for endodontic treatment, several studies have shown the importance of intracanal medication between sessions to kill microorganisms that biomechanical preparations alone cannot achieve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 and chlorhexidine gel on the elimination of intratubular Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Human uniradicular teeth contaminated with E. faecalis were treated with Ca(OH) 2 , 2% chlorhexidine gel, Ca(OH) 2 plus 2% chlorhexidine gel, or saline (0.9% NaCl) as a negative control. Samples obtained at a depth of 0 to 100 mm and 100 to 200 mm from these root canal preparations were analyzed for bacterial load by counting the number of colonyforming units (CFUs) and bacterial viability using fluorescence microscopy. Results: A significant decrease in the number of CFUs and the percentage of viable E. faecalis was observed after treatment with either Ca(OH) 2 or chlorhexidine when compared with the control group. Additionally, chlorhexidine gel had a significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy as measured by the number of CFUs and the percentage of viable cells than Ca(OH) 2 . No differences were observed between the antimicrobial properties of chlorhexidine gel with and without the addition of Ca(OH) 2 . Conclusion: Both Ca(OH) 2 and chlorhexidine have antimicrobial effects on E. faecalis. Chlorhexidine had increased antimicrobial activity when compared with Ca(OH) 2. Ca(OH) 2 combined with chlorhexidine showed similar antimicrobial activity to chlorhexidine alone. (J Endod 2010;36:1389-1393
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2009
The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide in combination with several vehicles against some microorganisms commonly isolated from root canals. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. Stainless-steel cylinders were placed on each inoculated agar medium. The test medicaments and their controls were placed inside the cylinders. The zones of growth inhibition were measured and recorded after incubation for each plate and the results were analyzed statistically (ANOVA). The in vitro antimicrobial effects of the medications were ranked from strongest to weakest as follows: Ca(OH) 2 + CMCP + glycerine, Ca(OH) 2 + CMCP, Ca(OH) 2 + glycerine, Ca(OH) 2 + anesthetic, Ca(OH) 2 + saline, Ca(OH) 2 + H 2 O, Ca(OH) 2 + polyethyleneglycol. The pastes with oily vehicles showed significantly larger mean zones of inhibition compared to those with aqueous or viscous vehicles. It was concluded that diffusion and antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide were affected by the type of vehicle used.
Iranian endodontic journal, 2015
Calcium hydroxide (CH) is one of the most common intracanal medications. Corticosteroids (CS) are used in endodontics because of their anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of CH+betamethasone and CH+saline against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using agar diffusion test and measuring the microbial zone of inhibition (ZOI). Four plates containing Mueller-Hinton broth and E. faecalis culture media, were prepared. In each plate, 5 holes (5×3 mm) were created and a creamy mixture of CH+betamethasone was inserted into the holes (10 holes for each material). Two holes with ampicillin disks and two empty holes were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Plates were incubated for 24 h and then the diameter of microbial ZOI was measured. The pH of each mixture was measured by pH meter. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The mean diameter of ZOI for CH+betamethasone and CH+saline was 3.4 and 3 mm, respectively. Th...
The Anti Bacterial Effect of Different Formulations of Calcium Hydroxide Against E-Faecalis
Egyptian Dental Journal, 2017
Aim of the study: To compare the antibacterial effect of Nano-calcium hydroxide (Nanostreams, Cairo, Egypt) mixed with saline versus conventional calcium hydroxide (GAMA dental lab,Cairo, Egypt) with saline and calcium hydroxide paste with iodoform (Cal plus) (Apexion, Karala, India) against E-faecalis using agar diffusion method. Samples were classified into 3 groups according to the material used. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to the observation time (1day, 3days and 7 days). Each group consisted of 7 agar plates implanted with E-faecalis strain. 3 holes were created in each agar plate, each hole contained one tested material. The results showed that Nano calcium hydroxide had the largest inhibitory zone of E faecalis in agar diffusion test over all observation periods followed by conventional calcium hydroxide. The calcium hydroxide mixed with iodoform had the least average inhibitory zone. Calcium hydroxide Nano particles have superior anti microbial activity against E faecalis compared to other tested materials.
Scientific Reports
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 has been used as an intracanal medicament to targets microbial biofilms and avert secondary infection in the root canal system. This study evaluated the effects of this material on the morphology and physicochemical properties of an established in-vitro biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. A biofilm of E. faecalis was grown in multichannel plates. The chemicals including Ca2+, OH−, and saturated Ca(OH)2 (ie 21.6 mM) were prepared in order to evaluate which component eradicated or amplified biofilm structure. Various biochemical and microscopic methods were used to investigate the properties of the biofilm. Biofilms treated with Ca(OH)2 absorbed more Ca2+ because of the alkaline pH of the environment and the ions affected the physicochemical properties of the E. faecalis biofilm. A denser biofilm with more cavities and a granular surface was observed in the presence of Ca2+ ions. This resulted in a decrease in the surface-to-biofilm ratio with increases in its ...
Inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis by calcium peroxide
Objective: To investigate the inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis by calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ). Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Enterococcus faecalis by CaO 2 and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) were determined by direct exposure tests (n = 10). The inhibition zone of E. faecalis mycoderm treated with CaO 2 and Ca(OH) 2 paste (53% w/w) was observed using agar diffusion tests (n = 20). The inhibition of E. faecalis biofilms by CaO 2 /phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Ca(OH) 2 /PBS suspensions were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the percentages of live bacteria in the biofilms calculated. Results: The MIC of Ca(OH) 2 (4.5 to 5.5 mg/ml) was higher than the MIC of CaO 2 (2.0 to 2.5 mg/ml) (P < 0.05), and the MBC of Ca(OH) 2 (14.5 to 15.5 mg/ml) was higher than that of CaO 2 (3.0 to 3.5 mg/ml) (P < 0.05). No inhibition zone was observed for Ca(OH) 2 in agar diffusion tests, while the diameter of the inhibition zone around CaO 2 was 8.6 ± 0.4 mm. There were significant differences between groups in the percentages of surviving bacteria in E. faecalis biofilms after treatment (P < 0.05): group CaO 2 < group Ca(OH) 2 < group PBS < group BHI. Conclusion: The inhibition of E. faecalis by CaO 2 was greater than that by Ca(OH) 2 .
Iranian Endodontic Journal, 2008
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of three intracanal medicaments in disinfecting the root canal and dentin of experimentally infected human teeth with Enterococcus faecalis (EF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. After root canal preparation, teeth were mounted in epoxy resin. Following sterilization, the teeth were infected for 28 days with EF. Then root canals were filled with one of three different disinfectants: viscous 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX), calcium hydroxide paste (CH) or a mixture of CH and CHX (n=30 in each group). Antimicrobial assessments were performed at 1, 3 and 7 days (n=10 in each time period). Microbial samples were obtained from root canals before and after the experiment. Also dentin samples were examined. The data was analyzed using Two- Way ANOVA test. RESULTS: The findings showed that there was no difference between experimental groups at different time periods. The mix...
International journal of current research, 2021
Paste as root canal medicaments in eradication of this study, 45 extracted human teeth were used. After their decapitation, they were initially instrumented to reach 20 K used; Group 1: Triple antibiotic past specimens in each group). After sterilization of all samples inoculation was performed with Enterococcus faecalis using protaper files till F2 size, irrigation using sodium hypochlorite solution of 2.5% concentration and 17% EDTA, then intracanal medicaments were applied. First sample was collected after inoculation of bacteria into root canals. Second sample was collect rinsed. Muller Hilton Yeast agar was used for culturing of samples then went under incubation to count CFU's. and there was a continuo medicaments showed all samples to be significantly different from each other. Antimicrobial activity of Propolis against Calcium hydroxide.