Plasmid Profile of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (mar) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Water Samples from Ebira Communities in Ekiti South Senatorial District (original) (raw)
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Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 10 5 to 6.0 x 10 6 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 10 5 to 3.75 x 10 6 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 10 5 to 3.45 x 10 5 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.
Water is an essential natural resource and a basic need of lives. Its qualities and sustenance is threatened by pollution, resulting into serious public health concern. Polluted or contaminated water could harbor pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed at subjecting isolated bacteria from River Osin, Ila Local Government, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria, to antibiotic susceptibility test and plasmid curing following standard microbiological procedures. The mean value of total viable bacterial count and total coliform count obtained ranged between {2.41x 10 3-1.81x10 4 }cfu/ml and {120-150}cfu/100ml for February and July, 2019 respectively and were both found to exceed WHO standard of 1.0x10 2 cfu/ml and (0) zero cfu/100ml respectively. A total of (9) nine bacteria were isolated and identified to include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellasp, Salmonella sp, Bacillus sp, Streptococcus sp, Proteus sp, Alcaligenssp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All isolates tested for susceptibility were resistant to Cotrimaxazoleand Amoxicillin, and showed varied susceptibility to Levufuroxime, Tetracycline, Levofloxacin and Amikacim. Many were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ofloxacin. The plasmid curing done shows that the resistance genes were both plasmid and chromosomallyborne. It was concluded from this work that all bacteria isolated from this River resist Cotrimazole and Amoxicillin, and their resistant genes were both plasmid and chromosomally borne.
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2021
Water is essential to life. The existence of all forms of life is dependent on an adequate water supply. The exigent need for water supply in homes prompted the construction of water sources and water storage devices in the homes. This however does not guarantee that the water is safe to drink. If the water is safe at the source, it may be contaminated during transportation storage and drawing at home. This study was carried out to determine the microbial counts, antibiotics susceptibility and plasmid profile of bacteria isolates from household water distribution tanks in the Ado-Ekiti metropolis. The total bacteria and coliform counts were determined using the pour plating technique. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion technique while the plasmid profile of the isolates was determined using the alkaline lysis method and agar gel electrophoresis. The mean total bacteria count of the water sample was 6.96 log10 CFU/ml, while t...
Microbiology Research Journal International, 2019
Aims: This study was designed to investigate the plasmid bearing multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria from different aquatic sources. Place and Duration of Study: This research work was carried out in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo state, Nigeria between January and June, 2018. Methodology: The pathogenic bacteria associated with water samples collected from different sources in Akure, Nigeria were isolated and characterized. A total of 521 water samples were collected from sources such as wells, taps, streams, rivers, boreholes and rain. All the samples were subjected to presumptive, confirmed and completed tests to evaluate their microbiological quality. The microbial types in the samples were determined using standard microbiological Original Research Article Onifade et al.; MRJI, 27(4): 1-12, 2019; Article no.MRJI.48233 2 techniques. All isolates obtained in this study were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity analysis and screened for Beta-lactamase production (ESBL). Plasmid profile analysis of the resistance isolates was carried out using standard method. Furthermore, post-curing of the plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance isolates was performed and data obtained were analyzed and presented using analysis of variance. Results: Bacterial isolates such as Acinetobacter baumanni, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurum, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris and Vibrio cholerae were identified from the water samples. The isolate E. coli had the highest percentage distribution of 24.10% in well water and 26.19% in stream water while Salmonella species had the highest occurrence of 53.85% in rain water. The Beta-lactamase producing (ESBL) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Pefloxacin that conferred antibacterial effect. Plasmid-gene profile analysis of the isolates revealed that S. typhimurium, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris possess single plasmid each while only E. coli contain two plasmid bands. The post plasmid-curing antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates revealed that the initial antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates were plasmid mediated. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest the purification of water from these sources before consumption is important as most microbes found in these samples are potential pathogens that are capable of causing infectious diseases with multiple antibiotic resistant features.
Screening for Plasmid-Mediated Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Ikpoba River Water Samples
International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018
The abuse and extensive use of antimicrobial agents by humans may increase resistant bacteria populations in the aquatic environment. The discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers and other non-point sources of pollution have led to the antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment, particularly in surface waters. Studies on river water pollution and their implication to public health has been ongoing. Screening for multi-drug resistant bacterial status of Ikpoba River in Benin City, Nigeria was carried out using standard microbiological and physicochemical procedures. The bacteria isolated from the river water samples were E. coli, Salmonella sp, Vibrio sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis. The antibiotics susceptibility testing of the isolates revealed a multi-drug resistant status for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. The plasmid profile of these multi-drug resistant isolates was determined and results revealed that both isolates harboured plasmid of size 4.5kb. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates when cured of plasmid revealed loss of resistance to over 75% of the antibiotics they were originally resistant to. The microbial and physicochemical properties of the river showed that it is unfit for human consumption. The Plasmid mediated multidrug resistant status of some of the isolates is a threat to chemotherapy and is a cause for public health concern.
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
This research aimed to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of underground water, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility and presence of plasmids in multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli O157:H7 in underground water sources in Ado-Ekiti. Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water samples were carried out using standard methods, an antibiotic susceptibility test was investigated using the standard disc diffusion method and plasmid analysis of MAR isolates was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were within WHO recommendations except for pH and potassium while the water samples did not conform to the WHO bacteriological recommendations for drinking water. A total of 272 E. coli were isolated and identified, among which 150 isolates were non-sorbitol fermenters (NSF) and taken as presumptive E. coli O157. MAR to three and more classes of antibiotics used were observed a...
Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 2009
The principle drinking water sources at the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), including Al-Madinah Al-Mounwwarah are the desalinated and underground well water. The present study focused on evaluating this drinking water sources portability from the bacteriological point of view. Searching for any possible correlation between bacteria present in the studied drinking water and those which have been isolated from the final effluent waste water of hospitals, is a crucial target. Water samples were collected from underground well water, underground reservoirs and taps at the nearest neighbourhood to previously-studied five hospitals namely; King Fahd, Ohod, Al-Mouassat, Women and Maternity and Saudi-German. Water samples from two additional sites namely; Al-Eskan and Al-Bsateen, away from these hospitals were investigated as control remote areas. Drinking bottled water (6 trade marks) processed at Al-Madinah Al-Mounwwarah namely; Doraq, Nada, Quba, Sarat, Taibah and Watanya, were also studied. Qualitative and quantitative bacteriological full analyses for water samples collected from the 27 sites, including enumeration of total viable (TVB), total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) bacteria in addition to the identification of the purified isolates to the specific level using API 20E strips and its software program, have been accomplished. Antibiotic-resistance profiles, expressed in MIC µg/ml, of the most important Gram-ve rods against 9 antibiotics namely; bacitracin, chloramephincol, erythromycin, impenim, penicillin G, rifampicin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin, were also drown up. Screaning for plasmids in the antibiotic-resistant isolates was fully studied. Results showed high and fluctuated TVB, TC and FC bacterial counts ranged between 100 : 1000, 90 : 800 and 1 : 3 cfu/100 ml, respectively, in the studied underground well water, indicating its unacceptable quality for drinking. Underground reservoirs and tap water samples were free from TC and FC, giving acceptable drinking water according to both the local and international standards, although having low to moderate TVB counts (1 : 15 cfu/ 100 ml). No direct correlation between the bacterial counts and the neiborhood hospitals, compared with counts detected in water samples from the two remote control areas. The study clearly-assured the bacteriologically-high grade quality of all the six investigated bottled water, showing no counts for TC and/or FC, so safe to drink. The low TVB counts (3 : 24 cfu/ 100 ml) seemed, numerically-potable according to standards, but health threatens are alarming because of the ability of some of these commensals to accept extrachromosomal elements changing their characteristics and impose pathogenic behaviours. Identification revealed that 74% were Gram-ve, 56% of it are rods, while 18% are cocci, only 26% were Gram +ve rods, 19% are spore-formers and 7% are non spore-formers, while no Gram +ve cocci were detected. Gram-ve rods belonged to 8 strains, 7 species and 7 genera namely; Escherichia coli 1, Citrobacter frundii, Providencia stuartii, Proteus vulgaris, Cryseomonas leteula , Stenotrophomonas maltophili (which have been heavily-isolated from almost all the studied bottled water but non of the other sources), Aeromonas hydrophila (group 1&2). The most distributed species were Aeromonas hydrophila (group 1), Cryseomonas leteula and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. All of the 8 studied strains resist from 3 : 9 of the antibiotics at MIC(s) from 50 :100 µg/ml. Molecular studies resulted in the detection of plasmids in 5 out of the 8 strains. Miniprep, alkaline lysis and 1% agarose gel protocols, along with electrophoresis against Hind III partially-digested Lambda phage, showed only one plasmid in each, all of the same size; 23130 bp. It is very important here to record that only 3 isolates namely; Escherichia coli 1, Provedencia stuartii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , out of 5 isolates of these were identical; from the points of antibiotic-resistance profiles, MIC(s) and plasmid content, with 3 of those isolated from hospitals waste water in the previous study.
2015
The drinking water and leachate samples from dumpsite of rural settlement of Ekiti North Senatorial district, Ekiti State, were subjected to bacteriological and physiochemical analysis using standard microbiological techniques and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The mean of total bacterial, coliform and enterococcal count ranged from 0.1 x 10 5 CFU/mL to 13.9 x 10 5 CFU/mL; 0.1 x 10 5 CFU/mL to 7.2 x 10 5 CFU/mL and 0.1 x 10 5 CFU/mL to 6.3 x 10 5 CFU/mL respectively for water samples; and 14.6 x 10 7 CFU/mL to 24.2 x 10 7 CFU/mL; 11.7 x 10 7 CFU/mL to 28.3 x 10 7 CFU/mL and 13.4 x 10 7 CFU/mL to 34.9 x 10 7 CFU/mL respectively for leachate samples. Escherichia coli had the highest percentage occurrence of (34%) while Klebsiella spp had the least percentage occurrence of (1%). Only 6 - 33% and 0-18% of Gram positive and Gram negative isolates were respectively resistant to ofloxacin but all the isolates were resistant to other antibiotic at varying percentages. A little...
Dysona-Life science, 2022
Water bodies constitute a medium through which antibiotic-resistant organisms and resistance genes are disseminated among the human and animal populations. In this research, Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from water sources in Adamawa-North Senatorial zone, Nigeria, were investigated with the focus on plasmid-mediated multi-drug resistance. The bacterial species were isolated from 256 water samples from well and river water sources by membrane filtration technique. The isolates were identified by cultural, identification kit, and molecular method. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique on Muller-Hinton agar was used to test their sensitivity to routinely used antibiotics. The multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae were further screened for the presence of resistant plasmid by standard procedure. A total of 342 bacterial isolates were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae, with Escherichia coli (24.6%) being the most predominant species. The sequences of the species documented in this study have been assigned accession numbers and have equally been added to the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank. Out of the 342 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 293 (85.7%) were resistant to at least an antibiotic. Resistance to cotrimoxazole and ampicillin was the most common among the isolates, while resistance to imipenem was the lowest. The Multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype of all the isolates showed an overall prevalence of 32.5%. The isolates phenotyped as MDR were screened for plasmid profile. The results showed that 58 (65.2%) isolates harbored plasmid bands of various sizes. Three plasmid bands were detected on one isolate of P. mirabilis, two plasmid bands were detected in 10 isolates predominantly among E. coli, while 47 isolates harbored one plasmid band each. The potentially pathogenic bacteria carrying plasmid-mediated MDR phenotype in the water sources investigated in this study constitute a risk to the surrounding communities. Therefore, adequate intervention is needed to prevent the spread of this antibiotic-resistant bacteria to human communities.