Phenotypic and molecular detection of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae species from water sources in Adamawa-North senatorial zone, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
Microbiology Research Journal International, 2019
Aims: This study was designed to investigate the plasmid bearing multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria from different aquatic sources. Place and Duration of Study: This research work was carried out in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo state, Nigeria between January and June, 2018. Methodology: The pathogenic bacteria associated with water samples collected from different sources in Akure, Nigeria were isolated and characterized. A total of 521 water samples were collected from sources such as wells, taps, streams, rivers, boreholes and rain. All the samples were subjected to presumptive, confirmed and completed tests to evaluate their microbiological quality. The microbial types in the samples were determined using standard microbiological Original Research Article Onifade et al.; MRJI, 27(4): 1-12, 2019; Article no.MRJI.48233 2 techniques. All isolates obtained in this study were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity analysis and screened for Beta-lactamase production (ESBL). Plasmid profile analysis of the resistance isolates was carried out using standard method. Furthermore, post-curing of the plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance isolates was performed and data obtained were analyzed and presented using analysis of variance. Results: Bacterial isolates such as Acinetobacter baumanni, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurum, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris and Vibrio cholerae were identified from the water samples. The isolate E. coli had the highest percentage distribution of 24.10% in well water and 26.19% in stream water while Salmonella species had the highest occurrence of 53.85% in rain water. The Beta-lactamase producing (ESBL) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Pefloxacin that conferred antibacterial effect. Plasmid-gene profile analysis of the isolates revealed that S. typhimurium, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris possess single plasmid each while only E. coli contain two plasmid bands. The post plasmid-curing antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates revealed that the initial antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates were plasmid mediated. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest the purification of water from these sources before consumption is important as most microbes found in these samples are potential pathogens that are capable of causing infectious diseases with multiple antibiotic resistant features.
Screening for Plasmid-Mediated Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Ikpoba River Water Samples
International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018
The abuse and extensive use of antimicrobial agents by humans may increase resistant bacteria populations in the aquatic environment. The discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers and other non-point sources of pollution have led to the antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment, particularly in surface waters. Studies on river water pollution and their implication to public health has been ongoing. Screening for multi-drug resistant bacterial status of Ikpoba River in Benin City, Nigeria was carried out using standard microbiological and physicochemical procedures. The bacteria isolated from the river water samples were E. coli, Salmonella sp, Vibrio sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis. The antibiotics susceptibility testing of the isolates revealed a multi-drug resistant status for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. The plasmid profile of these multi-drug resistant isolates was determined and results revealed that both isolates harboured plasmid of size 4.5kb. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates when cured of plasmid revealed loss of resistance to over 75% of the antibiotics they were originally resistant to. The microbial and physicochemical properties of the river showed that it is unfit for human consumption. The Plasmid mediated multidrug resistant status of some of the isolates is a threat to chemotherapy and is a cause for public health concern.
Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 10 5 to 6.0 x 10 6 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 10 5 to 3.75 x 10 6 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 10 5 to 3.45 x 10 5 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.
Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 10 5 to 6.0 x 10 6 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 10 5 to 3.75 x 10 6 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 10 5 to 3.45 x 10 5 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.
Water is an essential natural resource and a basic need of lives. Its qualities and sustenance is threatened by pollution, resulting into serious public health concern. Polluted or contaminated water could harbor pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed at subjecting isolated bacteria from River Osin, Ila Local Government, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria, to antibiotic susceptibility test and plasmid curing following standard microbiological procedures. The mean value of total viable bacterial count and total coliform count obtained ranged between {2.41x 10 3-1.81x10 4 }cfu/ml and {120-150}cfu/100ml for February and July, 2019 respectively and were both found to exceed WHO standard of 1.0x10 2 cfu/ml and (0) zero cfu/100ml respectively. A total of (9) nine bacteria were isolated and identified to include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellasp, Salmonella sp, Bacillus sp, Streptococcus sp, Proteus sp, Alcaligenssp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All isolates tested for susceptibility were resistant to Cotrimaxazoleand Amoxicillin, and showed varied susceptibility to Levufuroxime, Tetracycline, Levofloxacin and Amikacim. Many were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ofloxacin. The plasmid curing done shows that the resistance genes were both plasmid and chromosomallyborne. It was concluded from this work that all bacteria isolated from this River resist Cotrimazole and Amoxicillin, and their resistant genes were both plasmid and chromosomally borne.
This study highlighted the antibiotic susceptibility and the emergence of multidrug resistance plasmids among Escherichia coli in abattoir wastewater in Bauchi state Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of E. coli was conducted from 150 samples using standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and plasmid curing were done on the strains. Of these samples screened only 18 (12%) E. coli were recovered. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed high resistance to Augmentin (77.7%) with a clear diameter of inhibition ranging between 8.0±0.0-17.3±1.4 mm, followed by amoxicillin (8.0±0.0-17.3±1.4) mm, streptomycin (8.0±00-10.0±2.6) mm and septrin (8.0±0.0-10.3±0.3) mm, with 61.1%, each, and gentamicin (8.0±0.0-17.3±0.0) mm and chloramphenicol (8.0±0.0-11.0±2.0) mm, each with 55.5% respectively. Ciprofloxacin (18.0±0.0-40.0±0.5) mm, was the most potent with 83.3% activity. Multiple antibiotic resistance was examined in 12 (66.6%) of the isolates. After curing, antibiotic susceptibility testing most of the isolates were observed to harbor plasmid-mediated resistance. This study has revealed the emergence of multidrug plasmids mediated resistance among Escherichia coli in abattoir wastewater in Bauchi State Nigeria.
Antibiotics, 2021
Background: The emergence of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in water resources could pose a serious threat to public health. The study aims to investigate the dispersion of plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant E. coli from six rivers in Sarawak and two aquaculture farms in Borneo. Methods: A total of 74 water samples were collected for the determination of their bacteria colony count. An IMViC test identified 31 E. coli isolates and tested their susceptibility against twelve clinically important antibiotics. The extraction of plasmid DNA was done using alkali lysis SDS procedures. Characteristics, including plasmid copy number, molecular weight size, resistance rate and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), were assessed. Results: Our findings revealed that bacterial counts in rivers and aquaculture farms ranged from log 2.00 to 3.68 CFU/mL and log 1.70 to 5.48 cfu/mL, respectively. Resistance to piperacillin (100%) was observed in all E. coli; resistance to amoxicillin (100%) and ampicillin (100%) was observed in E. coli found in aquaculture farms; resistance to streptomycin (93%) was observed in E. coli found in rivers. All E. coli were resistant to ≥2 antibiotics and formed 26 MAR profiles, ranging from an index of 0.17 to 0.83, indicating that there are high risks of contamination. Some (48.4%) of the E. coli were detected with plasmids (1.2 to >10 kb), whereas 51.6% of the E. coli did not harbor any plasmids. The plasmid copy numbers reported were one plasmid (n = 7), two plasmids (n = 4), ≥ two plasmids (4). E. coli isolated from the Muara Tuang River showed the highest-molecular-weight plasmids. A statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant correlation (r = 0.21, p = 0.253) between the number of plasmids and the MAR index of the tested isolates. Conclusion: The distribution of MAR in E. coli from rivers is higher compared to the aquaculture environment. Our study suggests that MAR in isolates could be chromosome-mediated. Our results suggest that riverbed sediments could serve as reservoirs for MAR bacteria, including pathogens, under different climatic conditions, and their analysis could provide information for public health concerns.
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
This research aimed to assess the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of underground water, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility and presence of plasmids in multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli O157:H7 in underground water sources in Ado-Ekiti. Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water samples were carried out using standard methods, an antibiotic susceptibility test was investigated using the standard disc diffusion method and plasmid analysis of MAR isolates was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were within WHO recommendations except for pH and potassium while the water samples did not conform to the WHO bacteriological recommendations for drinking water. A total of 272 E. coli were isolated and identified, among which 150 isolates were non-sorbitol fermenters (NSF) and taken as presumptive E. coli O157. MAR to three and more classes of antibiotics used were observed a...
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2021
Water is essential to life. The existence of all forms of life is dependent on an adequate water supply. The exigent need for water supply in homes prompted the construction of water sources and water storage devices in the homes. This however does not guarantee that the water is safe to drink. If the water is safe at the source, it may be contaminated during transportation storage and drawing at home. This study was carried out to determine the microbial counts, antibiotics susceptibility and plasmid profile of bacteria isolates from household water distribution tanks in the Ado-Ekiti metropolis. The total bacteria and coliform counts were determined using the pour plating technique. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion technique while the plasmid profile of the isolates was determined using the alkaline lysis method and agar gel electrophoresis. The mean total bacteria count of the water sample was 6.96 log10 CFU/ml, while t...