Assessment of median lethal dose and anti-mutagenic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract against chemically induced micronucleus formation in Swiss albino mice (original) (raw)
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Modulation of genotoxicity of oxidative mutagens by glycyrrhizic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
The chemopreventive effects of certain phytoconstituents can be exploited for their use as functional foods, dietary supplements and even as drugs. The natural compounds, acting as anti-genotoxic and free radical scavenging compounds, may serve as potent chemopreventive agents. These can inhibit DNA modulatory activities of mutagens and help preventing pathological processes. Objectives: Present study on Glycyrrhiza glabra L., a promising medicinal plant, widely used in traditional medicine, focused on the bioassay-guided fractionation of its extracts for the isolation of certain phytochemicals with anti-genotoxic potential against oxidative mutagens. Materials and Methods: The methanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra rhizomes was subjected to column chromatography, and isolated fraction was evaluated for its anti-genotoxic and antioxidant potential using SOS chromotest, Comet assay, and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Results: GLG fraction, which was characterized as Glycyrrhizic acid, inhibited the genotoxicity of oxidative mutagens viz., H 2 O 2 and 4NQOquite efficiently. In SOS chromotest, using E.coli PQ37 tester strain, it inhibited induction factor induced by H 2 O 2 and 4NQO by 75.54% and 71.69% at the concentration of 121.46 µM,respectively. In Comet assay, it reduced the tail moment induced by H 2 O 2 and 4NQO by 70.21% and 69.04%, respectively, at the same concentration in human blood lymphocytes. The isolated fraction also exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity and was able to scavenge 85.95% radicals at a concentration of 120 µM. Conclusion: Glycyrrhizic acid is a potential modulator of genotoxins as well as efficient scavenger of free radicals.
Phytotherapy Research, 2015
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae), commonly known as 'liquorice', is a well-known medicinal plant. Roots of this plant have long been used as a sweetening and flavouring agent in food and pharmaceutical products, and also as a traditional remedy for cough, upper and lower respiratory ailments, kidney stones, hepatitis C, skin disorder, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal ulcers and stomach ache. Previous pharmacological and clinical studies have revealed its antitussive, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties. While glycyrrhizin, a sweet-tasting triterpene saponin, is the principal bioactive compound, several bioactive flavonoids and isoflavonoids are also present in the roots of this plant. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of nine samples of the roots of G. glabra, collected from various geographical origins, was assessed against immortal human keratinocyte (HaCaT), lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines using the in vitro 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide cell toxicity/viability assay. Considerable variations in levels of cytotoxicity were observed among various samples of G. glabra.
International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2016
745 000 deaths), stomach (723 000 deaths), colorectal (694 000 deaths), breast (521 000 deaths) and gastroesophageal cancer's (400 000 deaths) Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases and serious public health problems in both developed and developing countries. This increase in the global cancer burden will be mainly due to disproportionate rise of newly diagnosed cancer cases in the developing countries such as India. India, China and Russia are predicted to account for more than half (53%) of the cancer cases and ABSTRACT Background: Cancer is one of the most life threatening diseases which is in need of newer drug development. The use of plant products with potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activity is upcoming Studies reveal that herbal product have increased efficacy as well as decreased side effects, with this in mind the present study was undertaken to assess the antitumor activity of extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) against ehrlich ascites carcinoma in swiss albino mice. Methods: The extracts of roots of GG was collected and acute toxicity study was done following which the antitumor effect of extracts of GG was assessed by change in the body weight, mean survival time (MST), and percentage increased life span (% ILS). MST of each group containing six mice was monitored by recording the mortality daily for 6 weeks and % ILS was calculated. The hematological parameters and biochemical assays were also measured. Results: Extracts of GG showed a significant reduction in % increase in tumor induced body weight of the mice. The % increase in life span was also significant in the higher dose of GG (500 mg/kg). The combination of GG with standard drug cisplatin had better efficacy in terms of % ILS, hematological and biochemical parameters. The results obtained were statistically significant. Conclusions: The antitumor activity studies measuring the viability of cancer cells when exposed to the ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra showed a potent cell-killing effect, indicating the presence of anti-cancer principles in the preparation.
Nutritional and therapeutic potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots
2019
This study was aimed to estimate the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-amnesic, anti-biofilm, thrombolytic, hemolytic, and cytotoxic effects of G. glabra root extracts for nutritive and medicinal purpose. Antioxidant, alpha amylase, antiglycation, anti-amnesic, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antibiofilm assays were performed. In the current research, G. glabra root extracts showed significant antioxidant (80.96 mg GAE/100 g TPC, 38.96 mg CE/100 g TFC, 46% DPPH scavenging), antidiabetic (75% antiglycation, 38.7% α-amylase inhibition), anti-amnesic (5.5%), hemolytic (19.46%), thrombolytic (35.4%) and antibiofilm (72% P. multocida, 51.57% S. aureus inhibition) activities. G. glabra root extracts have remarkable activity to fight against oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, blood coagulation, bacterial growth, DNA damage and memory enhancing ability that ensure its uses in food and pharmaceutical industries.
The aim of the present study is to search antiulcer property and evaluate toxicity of indigenous plant Glycyrrhiza glabra roots available in local market of Karachi. The plant was evaluated, toxicologically and pharmacologically, for its antiulcer properties to develop cost effective and safe herbal drug with least side effects. In antiulcerogenic assay G. glabra was tested and compared with Cimetidine as positive control and physiological saline as negative control, using standard method. In this study, ethanol induced ulcers were developed in albino rats which were treated for 30 days. The ulcer indices were measured after 24 hours, 15 days and 30 days. The values calculated after 30 days of treatment. Comparison shows that G. glabra possesses a very significant antiulcerogenic activity i.e. 77.7% after 15 days and 90% after 30 days of therapy. The results suggest that G. glabra could be a good source of alternative medicine for ulcer therapy.
Pharmacological studies of Glycyrrhiza glabra- a review
Pharmacologyonline
Glycyrrhiza glabra, also known as liquorice and sweetwood, is native to the Mediterranean and certain areas of Asia. Historically, the dried rhizome and root of this plant were used medicinally by the Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Indian and Roman civilizations as carminative, expectorant and cough remedies. It is now known that glycyrrhizic acid and its aglycone glycyrrhetinic acid present in the root extract are responsible for the biological activities. In modern medicine, liquorice extracts are employed as parenteral preparation for Chronic Hepatitis, Ulcer, viral infection and some common diseases. In Japan, it is used as pharmaceutical preparation since, 1960 years. In the present context glycyrrhizin and its derivative is focus on pharmacological studies, against disease viz. HIV syndrome, Hepatitis, H1N1 flue, cancer and diabetes etc.
2013
Isolation had been done for active substances from Glycyrrhiza glabra plant such as Saponins , volatile oils and Tannins. The percentage in form was (41.1%), ( 2.5%) and (13.2%) respectively. As well as the appointment of some mineral elements in the Glycyrrhiza glabra seeds like sodium, calcium and potassium and the concentration in the sample was (203)ppm, (176) ppm, (181) ppm, respectively, measured by using Flame Spectrometer. Also a study of anti-bacterial activity of extracts from Glycyrrhiza glabra using two types of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia Coli and aurous Staphylococcus showed the ability of inhibition for all different extracts by vary inhibition diameters for different active substances, concentrations and bacteria. One type of cancer cellular line used to study the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts (after the chemical assay) were studied on the growth of Rhabdomyo sarcomas (RD) cell line in human by using in vitro system and compared with anticancer drug ci...
Abstract: Glycyrrhiza glabra has been used as traditional medicine in India, China and many other countries since many years for the treatment of different diseases. The major problem of use of herbal medicines in clinical practice lies with the fact, that there is sparse scientific and clinical data, as well as few efforts of efficacy and safety testing of the herbal products. There is a need in the present scenario to establish the pharmacological activities for identifying and comparing various preparations for potency. In past two decades many countries like Egypt, Iran, China, Japan, Italy, Russia, Bangladesh, Australia, Brazil, Germany Romania, USA, and India are doing substantial work in this direction and especially on Glycyrrhiza glabra. This review focuses on the in vitro methods, where Glycyrrhiza glabra and its various biochemical fractions have been used for different pharmacological activities like antioxidant effects, protection of mitochondrial functions, anti- inflammatory activity, antiadhesive properties, anticancer properties, immunostimulating effect, enhancer agent, stimulation of melanogenesis, antiviral properties, and antimicrobial properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Advances in Traditional Medicine, 2020
Phyto-constituents and their efficacy vary with the age of the plant material and their affliction with environmental and storage conditions. Present study was conducted to evaluate the time dependent variation in physicochemical characters, glycyrrhizin content, microbial load and anti-inflammatory activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root (GGR). Fresh GGR was dried and divided into three samples and stored as: sample A below 4 °C, sample B at room temperature and sample C at 40 ± 2 °C with relative humidity 75 ± 5% for six months. Afterwards, each sample was extracted in 50% alcohol and evaluated for physicochemical characters, glycyrrhizin content, microbial contamination and anti-inflammatory activity in histamine-induced inflammation in Wistar rats. Physicochemical characteristics exhibits less than 25% variation and qualitative analysis for plant metabolites exhibited similarity in all three samples. Glycyrrhizin was found more in sample C (5.07%) in comparison to sample B (4.52%) and A (4.72%) with variation less than 15%. As per the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India these variations in physicochemical parameters and glycyrrhizin content are insignificant. Sample A revealed total microbial count more than B and C. Accelerated stability data extrapolation of sample C suggests that shelf life of GGR is 2 years. Inflammation was significantly reduced by sample C followed by A and B in comparison to the control with residual paw volume of 0.9%, 3.22%, 20.4% and 29.7% respectively at 163 mg/kg BW dose. From the present study it can be concluded that up to two years age dependent variations in GGR is insignificant but its anti-inflammatory effect are glycyrrhizin dependent.