Flavan-3-ols from the barks of Barringtonia acutangula (original) (raw)
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Molecules, 2019
Polyphenols are one of the largest and most widespread groups of secondary metabolites in the plants world. These compounds are of particular interest due to their occurrence and the properties they possess. The main sources of phenolic compounds are fruits and vegetables, but lately, more and more studies refer to woody vascular plants, especially to bark, as an important source of phenolic compounds with a potential biological effect. This study aims to bring together information on the phenolic compounds present in the bark of woody vascular plants by discussing extraction methods, the chemical composition of the extracts and potential biological effects. The literature data used in this paper were collected via PubMed (2004–2019). Search terms were: bark, rhytidome, woody vascular plant, polyphenols, phenolic compounds, biologic activity, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antimutagenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral. This paper intends to highlight the fact tha...
Polyphenolic Profiles of Selected Medicinal Herbs
2017
The total phenolic contents and contents of main individual phenolics in plant extracts of bilberry, willow gentian, wild raspberry, spearmint and peppermint were determined. The above-ground parts of plants were subjected to the exhaustive extraction with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The total phenolic content for the medicinal herbs, ranged from 2.8 to 15.2 mg GAE/g dm, were as follows: spearmint > peppermint > willow gentian > wild raspberry > bilberry. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, an extremely high content of rosmarinic acid was revealed in peppermint sample (849 mg/100 g dm). The plant of bilberry was characterized by greater amounts of chlorogenic acid, rutin and sinapinic acid (367, 248, and 229 mg/100 g dm, respectively) than the above-ground parts of other analyzed species.
Phytochemical Analysis, 2005
Phenolic acids and flavonols of nine leaf and three root samples of Boerhaavia diffusa L., collected at different locations and subjected to several drying procedures, were characterised by reversed-phase HPLC-PAD-ESI/MS for the first time. Ten phenolic compounds were identified: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxycinnamoyl-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1-->6)galactoside (quercetin 3-O-robinobioside), quercetin 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside, kaempferol 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone 3-O-galactosyl(1-->2)glucoside [eupalitin 3-O-galactosyl(1-->2)glucoside], caffeoyltartaric acid, kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, eupalitin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin and kaempferol. Quantification was achieved by HPLC-PAD and two phenolic patterns were found for the leaves, in which quercetin 3-O-robinobioside or quercetin 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside was the major compound. Caffeoyltartaric acid was only present in the root material where it represented the main phenolic constituent. The results obtained demonstrated that the geographical origin (particularly the nature of the soil), but not the drying process, influences the phenolic composition.
Isolation and identification of a flavone (quercetin) from Butea frondosa bark
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 2007
A flavone was isolated from the stem bark of Butea frondosa (Leguminosae). It was given a working name of BF-1 and characterized by m.p., 309 -311°C and an empirical formula of C 15 H 10 O 7 . On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence and upon comparison with the literature data, the isolated compound is identified for the first time as quercetin.
Green technology is the most important topic in the pharmaceutical field because it reduces the cost of medicines and minimizes the environmental impact of the field and is better for human health and safety. Green chemistry emphasizes that the solvent should be nontoxic, safe, cheap, green, readily available, recyclable, and biodegradable. Deep eutectic solvents, a new type of green solvent, have some renowned properties—for instance, high thermal stability, low vapor pressure, low cost, biodegradability, and high viscosity. In this study, deep eutectic solvents made up of choline chloride-glycerol (1:2) were used for the extraction and isolation of flavonoid (rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin) from Catharanthus roseus plant parts, flower petal, leaves, stem, and root. The amounts of rutin and quercetin in flower petal are 29.46 and 6.51%, respectively, whereas, rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin amounts in leaves are 25.16, 8.57, and 10.47%, respectively. In stem the amounts of rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin are 13.02, 5.89, and 7.47%, respectively. In root, only quercetin has been obtained that is 13.49%. The HPLC is an analytical method, which was found to be an excellent technique for determination of rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin using deep eutectic solvent extraction from plant parts of Catharanthus roseus.
Microchemical Journal, 2017
In this study, an HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the quantification of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines containing Cynara scolymus (Globe artichoke), Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss "Espinheira santa" and Ptychopetalum uncinatum "Marapuama". The samples were lyophilized and 5.0 g of solid were extracted with 30 mL of methanol acidified with 100 μL of concentrated HCl, under magnetic stirring at 40ºC for 30 minutes. Separation was carried out on a C18 column with analytical solvents constituting a binary elution mixture, consisting of (A) ultrapure water (Millipore, USA), containing 1.0% acetic acid (v v-1) and (B) methanol (HPLC grade). Spectrophotometric detection was performed at a wavelength of 260 nm for vanillic acid; 280 nm for (+)catechin and 330 nm for chlorogenic acid. The method to determine bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines showed adequate linearity, repeatability and accuracy. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.025 μg g-1 and 0.031 μg g-1 , respectively. The concentrations (minimummaximum in mg g-1) of chlorogenic acid (in samples containing C. scolymus) and vanillic acid (in herbal medicines containing P. uncinatum "Marapuama") ranged from 71.28 to 925.99 and 17.35 to 19.21, respectively. The catechin content was 0.69 mg g-1 in Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss "Espinheira santa". Therefore, the results showed that the developed method is simple, less toxic, fast and reliable for the determination of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines.
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Extracts
Ziziphus spina-christi is a medicinal plant with many traditional uses. Separation, identification and quantification of the constituents of the plant are of great interest. Phenolic compounds are present in such plants. The present study describes isolation, qualification and determination of some of these phenolic acids using reversed phase HPLC after the purification of the compounds by passing the plant extract through sephadex LH-20 column. p-Coumaric acid, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid and syringic acid were found and isolated in the methanolic extract of the stem, in which rutin content was found at higher concentration (325.0 mg /100g) and apigenin (122.90 mg/100g). Ferulic acid, rutin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and chlorogenic acid were found and isolated in the extracts of fruit of Ziziphus with maximum rutin content (15.88 mg/100 g). It seems that the phenolic acid contents in stem are higher than that in fruits.
Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2013
Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs), the particular flavonoid subclass in which all or almost all hydroxyls are capped by methylation, have high oral bioavailability and various activities. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS-MS) method was established to screen and identify the PMFs in the leaves of Murraya exotica. Eight PMF standards, including two polymethoxylated flavones, two polymethoxylated flavanones, two polymethoxylated chalcones and two PMF glycosides, were first to be analyzed in positive mode by collision-induced dissociation MS-MS. On the basis of the ESI-MS, characterizations were deduced, and in the results of the extracted ion chromatogram MS-MS experiment, 26 PMFs, including 18 flavones, five flavanones or chalcones and three PMF glycosides, were screened out from the complex extract of the leaves of M. exotica. Among them, 24 PMFs were hydroxylated polymethoxyflavonoids, whereas the rest were all permethoxylated PMFs. This was the first systematic report on the presence of PMFs in the leaves of M. exotica. The results indicated that the established analytical method could be adopted as a rapid, effective technique for the structural characterization of PMFs from the complex extracts of traditional Chinese medicines. Experimental Materials, chemicals and reagents HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). Formic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Deionized water (18.2 MV) used throughout the experiment was purified by a Milli-Q water system (Millipore, Bedford, MA). The leaves of M.
Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine, 2017
Green technology is the most important topic in the pharmaceutical field because it reduces the cost of medicines and minimizes the environmental impact of the field and is better for human health and safety. Green chemistry emphasizes that the solvent should be nontoxic, safe, cheap, green, readily available, recyclable, and biodegradable. Deep eutectic solvents, a new type of green solvent, have some renowned properties—for instance, high thermal stability, low vapor pressure, low cost, biodegradability, and high viscosity. In this study, deep eutectic solvents made up of choline chloride-glycerol (1:2) were used for the extraction and isolation of flavonoid (rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin) from Catharanthus roseus plant parts, flower petal, leaves, stem, and root. The amounts of rutin and quercetin in flower petal are 29.46 and 6.51%, respectively, whereas, rutin, gallic acid, and quercetin amounts in leaves are 25.16, 8.57, and 10.47%, respectively. In stem the amounts of rut...