Assessment of Physio-chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Water Supply for Domestic Use in Student Hostels in Nigerian University (original) (raw)
Related papers
2014
This study was conducted to investigate the potability of 15 samples of water, three each from boreholes (BH1-BH3) and hand-dug wells (HD1-HD3), and nine brands of sachet water (SW1-SW9) that were regularly patronized by the students of Osun State University, main campus, residing in private hostels in Osogbo metropolis. The objective of the study was to determine the quality of such water samples. Borehole and well water samples from selected areas and samples of sachet water regularly vended by different manufacturers and vendors were collected, and subjected to physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis. For physical and chemical analysis Wagtech's photometer plus chemical reagents were used. Total heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, and feacal coliforms in the water samples were obtained using, respectively, the pour plate method, membrane filtration and growth on MacConkey agar as well as Eosin Methylene Blue agar. The results showed that all of the samples of sachet water exhibited values of physical / organoleptic parameters, inorganic constituents, and mean coliform and E. coli counts per 100 ml below the WHO/SON maximum permissible levels; and were therefore, considered safe for drinking. There were slightly elevated levels of iron in water samples from the borehole category, BH2 and BH3 with no known health impacts. This is because iron is an essential element in human nutrition. Taste is not usually noticeable at iron concentrations below 0.3 mg/l. Although iron concentrations of 1-3 mg/l can be acceptable for people drinking wellwater, no health-based guideline value for iron has been proposed. However, there were slightly elevated nitrate levels in samples from hand-dug wells, HD1 and HD3, suggesting that these water sources were not safe for consumption by infants under three months old. In addition, evidence of feacal coliform in water samples from handdug wells HD1 and HD2 suggest that they were not safe for human drinking. It is recommended that water from hand dug wells should be boiled before consumption to ensure public health and safety.
Microbial quality of utility water at universities in Nigeria
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2020
Aims: Water is described as safe and wholesome when it is free from pathogenic microorganisms and chemical substances that are hazardous to human health. This study aimed to investigate the microbial quality of water used for drinking, cooking, bathing and other purposes at universities in Nigeria. Methodology and results: Water samples were collected from forty-four storage tanks across four selected universities. Total viable bacteria in the water samples were cultivated using the plate count agar. The isolation of total coliform and Escherichia coli were carried out on HarlequinTM E. coli/coliform agar (HA) medium, while media-faecal coliform was used for faecal coliform employing the membrane filtration technique. Physicochemical parameters such as alkalinity, pH, total alkalinity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, electrical conductivity, total hardness, fluoride and chloride ion concentrations, were evaluated in accordance with standard procedures. Data were compar...
AFRICA DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ADRRI) JOURNAL, 2020
The main source of water for students and residents in University for Development Studies, Nyankpala campus and its environs is pipe borne water. This study was to assess the physical quality and E. coli level of drinking water from pipes. Water samples were taken from Dalun treatment plant, Dalun community, Bagabaga distribution point, and Bagabaga community and Nyankpala campus. Membrane filtration technique was used to enumerate E. coli in the water samples. All the physical parameters were within the World Health Organisation (WHO) limits for potability except turbidity. The turbidity values recorded ranged from 1.98 to 28.90 NTU with a mean value of 9.18 ± 7.04 NTU compared to the WHO limit of 5 NTU. The study showed two of the samples that recorded the presence of E. coli and can be attributed to leakages in the pipelines. E. coli presence in the water samples indicates the presence of pathogens in the water and a decisive proof of fresh faeces contamination. Some of the drinking water sampled is considered not potable. It is therefore recommended that regular checks should be done on the pipelines to detect any leakages and do the necessary repairs.
Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 2019
This study evaluated the physico-chemical and the bacteriological quality of five different sources of drinking water in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria, to give a fair geographical representative of the town and to contribute to our understanding of the quality of drinking water in the metropolis. The physicochemical characteristics such as pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity, colour, Iron, dissolved oxygen, Calcium, Magnesium, alkalinity, total hardness, Manganese, Sulphate, Chloride, Phosphate, Sodium, Zinc, Copper, total dissolved solid, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Ammonium and Potassium were determined following the procedures prescribed by American Public Health Association Standard Method. The bacteriological analysis was carried out using the standard microbiological standard for analysis of water for total and faecal coliform count. The mean temperature of the evaluated waters ranged from 23.03°C-29.3°C, mean pH ranged from 4.37-6.76, while turbidity had a mean range of 0.16 NTU-4.13 NTU. Conductivity ranged between 39.29 μs/cm - 120.7 μs/cm, dissolved oxygen with 13.30 mg/L - 4.19 mg/L, total dissolved solids ranged from 72.4 mg/L -23.5 mg/L, while the mean for iron concentration ranged from 0.12 mg/L - 0.99 mg/L. Similarly, the mean for total hardness was 34.2 mg/L - 17.1 mg/L and 7.93 mg/L - 6.71 mg/L for total alkalinity. Others includes Manganese (0.88 mg/L - 0.02 mg/L), Magnesium (16.5 mg/L - 9.9 mg/L), Calcium (9.77 mg/L - 7.20 mg/L, Nitrate (14.6 mg/L - 3.66 mg/L), Nitrite (0.076 mg/L -0.009 mg/L), Ammonia (0.89 mg/L - 0.25 mg/L), Ammonium (0.52 mg/L - 0.013 mg/L), Zinc (1.01 mg/L - 0.34 mg/L), Chloride (5.73 mg/L - 0.364 mg/L), Fluoride (0.76 mg/L - 0.277 mg/L), Copper (0.61 mg/L - 0.18 mg/L), Sodium (2.73 mg/L - 0.180 mg/L), potassium (5.73 mg/L - 2.0 mg/L), Sulphate (14.8 mg/L - 3.69 mg/L and Phosphate with 4.8 mg/L - 3.69 mg/L. The total coliform count for bottled water ranged between 2.00 cfu/100 mL – 19.00 cfu/100 mL, the total coliform range for sachet water were 6.00 cfu/100 mL and 15.00 cfu/100 mL and no faecal coliform was detected. Public water had no growth at all, the stream and borehole bacteriological analysis ranged from 27x101 cfu/ mL - 55x101 cfu/mL and 12 cfu/100 mL - 33 cfu/100 mL for total coliform respectively. Faecal coliform ranged from 15x101 cfu/ mL - 52x101 cfu/ mL for stream and 9.00 cfu100/ mL – 16.00 cfu/100 mL for borehole. A total of seven (7) different bacteria species were isolated from the sampled drinking water sources. These included Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., E.coli, Chromobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus spp. This study reveals a high level of poor quality sources of water in the metropolis and makes need for urgent health intervention.
ResearchGate , 2023
Water quality is essential to human health and well-being and therefore it required adequate and effective methods for consumption. The main aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of water from 3 sources of the female hostel of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. Physical and physicochemical analysis of the water samples was carried out according to AOAC standard. The presumption of coliform test and identification of the isolated bacteria was carried out using standard microbiological techniques. The physical and physicochemical properties of water from various sources investigated include pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, odour, taste, and colour. Nana Asmau Hostel Well and Kwankwasiyya Hostel Reservoir did not meet the physical parameters values met the requirements for drinking water as per the guidelines of the World Health Organization. The result also revealed that Kwankwasiyya Hostel Reservoir had the highest mean colony count of 1.1 x 10 3 cfu/ml while Zamfara Hostel Tap had the lowest mean colony count of 1.9 x 10 3 cfu/ml. The bacterial isolates identified include; Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Proteus spp., Serratia marcences, Citrobacter freundii, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research concludes stating clearly that the water samples from these hostel are highly contaminated with coliform bacteria. Recommending the need for proper disinfection and maintenance of these water sources in order to mitigate the spread of water borne diseases.
Assessment of drinking water quality within a university community in Owerri , Nigeria
2014
Considering the popularity of sachet drinking water among staff and students of Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria a study was carried out to determine the physical characteristics, chemical and bacteriological qualities of the major brands sold in the university community. The sachet water samples were collected and analyzed for chemical and microbiological qualities using standard analytical procedures and membrane filtration technique. Two out of the four brands analyzed failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for total E. coli count while all the four brands failed to meet the WHO standard for total coliform count. Two brands also failed to meet the WHO standard for lead in drinking water (0.01 mg/L). Three brands had values for phosphorous higher than the WHO standard (0.3 mg/L). None of the brands provided information on the mineral composition of their water as well as manufacturing and expiry dates as required by the local regulatory agenci...
Bacteriological quality of drinking water from source to household in Ibadan, Nigeria
African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2007
The bacteriological quality of drinking water from well, spring, borehole, and tap sources and that stored in containers by urban households in Ibadan was assessed during wet and dry seasons. The MPN technique was used to detect and enumerate the number of coliforms in water samples. Results showed that majority of households relied on wells, which were found to be the most contaminated of all the sources. At the household level, water quality significantly deteriorated after collection and storage as a result of poor handling. Furthermore, there was significant seasonal variation in E. coli count at source (P=0.013) and household (P=0.001). The study concludes that there is a need to improve the microbial quality of drinking water at source and the household level through hygiene education, and provision of simple, acceptable, low-cost treatment methods.
Greener Journal of Science, Engineering and Technological Research, 2013
Pipe borne water samples used for drinking in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo were analysed bacteriologically and physicochemically using standard methods. Four water samples were subjected to physicochemical analyses like PH, temperature, color, turbidity total hardness, dissolve solids, salinity, conductivity total solid, nitrate, sulphate, calcium, and sodium. These properties of the water samples were within the WHO/FAO standard for water except dissolve solids, nitrate chloride and conductivity. The bacteriological analysis was carried out to detect the total mesophillic, coliform count and subsequently, organisms present in the water samples. The total mesophillic count ranged between 2.6x10 4 to 3.3x10 4 cfu/ml while the total coliform count ranged between 1.1x10 3 to 1.6x10 3 cfu/ml. Both values were higher than the month standard limit for drinking water. The identified organisms include; Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter, sp, Proteus sp, E.coli, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter sp, klebsiella sp, Acinetobacter sp, Streptococcus sp and Serratia sp. 70% of the isolates were gram negative and most belonged to the family Enterobacteriacea. The data suggests the need for treatment of the water samples by the school authority and by simple boiling by the consumers.
Studies on microbial quality of filtered water in households of a university community in Nigeria
The Journal of hygiene, 1986
Water samples from home filters in nine residential areas of a Nigerian university community were studied. The membrane filter technique was used to determine the total coliform and faecal coliform counts/100 ml of water. Most of the 100 samples studied were grossly contaminated with total coliform counts/100 ml ranging from 0-442, faecal coliform counts/100 ml, 0-216 and the total aerobic plate count per millilitre ranged from 3.0 X 10(3) to 1.9 X 10(9) c.f.u. The source (dams) of water, fitness of filter candles, frequency of cleaning candles and pH of water did not significantly (P greater than 0.05; chi2) affect the microbial quality of either filtered boiled or unboiled tap water. Escherichia coli type I was isolated from 17.9% of the faecal coliforms tested but from only 2.3% of total coliforms. Enterobacter aerogenes was most predominant (38.5%) amongst faecal coliforms isolated while Enterobacter cloacae was the most frequent (37.2%) of the total coliform isolates. The gross...
Water samples from 12 different boreholes in selected secondary schools within Navrongo, Kassena-Nankana District in Upper-east Region of Ghana were collected for four consecutive weeks for bacteriological analysis to evaluate assess the potability. The range of the means for total coliform bacteria counts was from zero (0) to 430 MPN per 100ml, zero (0) to 190 MPN per 100ml for faecal coliform counts and 1.2 x 105 to 22.2 x 105 cfu per ml for total heterotrophic bacteria counts. The highest counts of faecal coliform were consistently found in sampleA1, A2, A4, A6, A7 representing Navasco-main entrance, common market, headmaster's bungalow, nabia and kitchen, B-Bosco, A-Awe, D-Chana, E-Notredame and FOur lady of loudes. The findings showed that water from these boreholes did not conform to the WHO standard for drinking purpose. Only samples A3-Football and A5-Abavana had faecal coliform counts of zero (0) MPN per 100ml which met WHO standard and fit for consumption. Heterotrophic bacteria counts were found in all water samples.