Energy Harvesting from Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell Using Different Electrodes (original) (raw)
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— A low cost Sediment Microbial fuel cell designed to provide an opportunity to produce renewable energy from sediment. The power produced by the MFC by microbes present in sediment. In this paper maximum energy extraction is investigated with copper anode and zinc cathode and compare with previous work. Here maximum generated voltage and current of sediment MFC was 1.160V and 0.301mA.Maximum power in sediment MFC with copper anode was 3.491mW for steady state operating condition. Sediment Microbial fuel cell is gifted for sustainable cheap-cost green electricity produce, stable power generation and the long-term operation of MFCs. Sediment microbial fuel cells can be used as a renewable power source for remote environmental monitoring.
Because sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) utilize organic materials and microbial catalysts in river or oceanic sediment for electricity generation, high sustainability can be ensured in SMFC operation. However, oligotrophic sediment often creates limitation of electron donor (i.e., organic matter). It results in low power production and poor sustainability of SMFCs. The objective of this study is to evaluate electricity generation using sacrificial magnesium anodes and graphite anodes with or without chitin addition in SMFCs. During 40 days, maximum power densities of magnesium, graphite, magnesium and chitin, and graphite and chitin were 1100, 0, 1575 and 2 / , respectively. The ㎽ ㎡ combination of magnesium and chitin produced the highest power, followed by magnesium electrode, showing combined electrochemical reactions from magnesium corrosion and chitin oxidation increased electricity generation by 30%. A magnesium electrode supplemented with chitin was more slowly corroded than the magnesium alone because chitin addition slowed magnesium corrosion. It shows strict oligotrophic condition of sediment, suggesting necessity of substrate addition in SMFCs. The power level obtained in our experiment using magnesium and chitin was enough for operating oceanographic instruments, which can be possibly deployed in the coastal ocean.
Electricity can be generated from naturally occurring electro potential differences through the burial of an anode in sediment and the immersion of a cathode in the overlying body of water. Such a set-up is called a Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) or benthic MFC. Mangrove forest sediment of ―Sundarbans‖ was used to construct SMFC and an open circuit voltage was measured over 40 days. Voltage was found to increase over 14 days after which the voltage remained steady for about 7 days and then declined. The highest voltage of 610 mV was obtained from a single SMFC on the 24th day. Comparative analysis using earthen pot as a proton exchange membrane showed the voltage to increase gradually over an initial period of time, with a highest increase in 80 mV over SMFC without earthen pot. An analysis of different cathode material showed that the highest voltage was obtained from carbon rod over carbon brush and stainless steel as cathode material. Several SMFC were added to make a series connection, which gave enough voltage (3.8 volts) to turn-on a LED bulb and a scientific calculator. The study suggests that Sundarban soil sediment can be a potential source for further study in the development of SMFC.
Energy harvesting from river sediment using a microbial fuel cell: preliminary results
We have built a sedimentary fuel cell or Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC). The device works on the principle of microbial fuel cells by exploiting directly the energy contained in sedimentary organic matter. It converts in electricity the sediment potential, thanks to microorganisms able to waste electrons from their metabolism directly to a solid anode instead of their natural electron acceptors, such as oxygen or nitrate. The sediment microbial fuel cell was made of a non-corrodible anode (graphite) buried in anoxic sediments layer and connected via an electrical circuit to a cathode installed in surface water. We present the first results of laboratory sedimentary fuel cell and a prototype installed in the river.
Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC), equipped with Zn, Al, Cu, Fe or graphite felt (GF) anode and marine sediment, was performed. Graphite felt was used as a common cathode. SMFC was single chambered and did not use any redox mediator. The aim of this work was to find efficient anodic material. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP), cell voltage, current density, power density, pH and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured for SMFC's performance.. The order of maximum power density was 913 mWm-2 for Zn, 646 mWm-2 for Fe, 387.8 mWm-2 for Cu, 266 mWm-2 for Al, and 127 mWm-2 for graphite felt (GF). The current density over voltage was found to be strongly correlated with metal electrodes, but the graphite felt electrode, in which relatively weaker electricity was observed because of its bio-oriented mechanism. Metal corrosion reactions and/or a complicated microbial electron transfer mechanism acting around the anodic compartment may facilitate to generate electricity. We presume that more sophisticated selection of anodic material can lead to better performance in SMFC.
Voltage Drop Management and Step Up The Voltage of Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells
2018 8th IEEE India International Conference on Power Electronics (IICPE), JAIPUR, 2019
Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a bioelectrochemical device which produces the pollution-free energy. SMFC generates low voltage with fluctuation between 0.982 V to 1.16 V of 60 days of the experiment. This voltage is not suitable to power the electronic device. So an ultra-low voltage DC-DC boost converter is proposed to regulated and step up the output voltage of SMFC. Performance of the boost converter is verified through simulation and experimental results. Single SMFC discharges in 30 sec by connecting the boost converter and gain maximum voltage in 210 sec after disconnecting the boost converter. Further, a scheme proposed for continuous energy harvesting from sediment microbial fuel cell in which eight parallel connected SMFCs provide an input voltage to boost converter one by one. It is noticed that the energy harvester DC-DC boost converter provides a continuous 2.56 V with the efficiency of 85.46%. The boost converter works well up to the voltage of 20 mV so this converter is appropriate for the SMFC energy harvesting. The proposed scheme is able to produce a suitable voltage for a small electronic device which needs a continuous power supply.
Geo-environmental improvement of sediment by using microbial fuel cell (MFC)
Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication
In this study, a microbial fuel cell has been designed for the marine sediment to generate bio-electricity and to improve the geo-environmental condition simultaneously. Four different kinds of sediments were used in the laboratory tests to generate the bio-electricity. The acid volatile sulfide (AVS) was measured to verify the improvement of the geo-environment of the marine sediment. The effects of temperature, number of anode and the different conditions of the circuit were evaluated to observe the bio-electricity generation. The amount of voltage value showed almost twice when two anodes were used compared with single anode. Higher temperature showed the higher voltage due to enhanced activity of the bacteria in the higher temperature. Acid volatile sulfide values reduced quickly when the circuit was completed. All the samples showed the decreasing trend of AVS value with time and reached at the 0.2 mg/g dry mud indicating the geo-environmental improvement of the marine sediments.
EFFECT OF ELECTRODES POSITION ON SEDIMENT MICROBIAL FUEL CELL OUTPUT VOLTAGES
IAEME Publication, 2020
Increasing global energy demand created a huge attention in utilizing numerous energy sources which are renewable and environmentally friendly. Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) is a very new technology and could be considered as renewable energy. Studying SMFC parameters help in opening doors for its amendment and innovate better methods in harvesting more voltages to generate biosensors or other applications. Two positions were appliyed to test the optimum one and study the relationship of water level and sun light and temperature by connecting them to get one answer. Vertical subsurface constructed wetland planted with Cyperus Alternifolius was implemented within two aquariums. The best output voltage was performed for embedded cathode position by reaching to 75 mV whilst free cathode position hits value of 33 mV. Both types showed same pattern in changing of voltage except for the first five days when voltages decreased from (22.3-1.5 mV) and increased from(8-31.4 mV) before starting to their peak values for embedded and free cathode positions, respectively.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Marine sediments of Kendari Bay has the potential as an alternative source of electrical energy through sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) due to the high level of sedimentation. This study aims to optimize the amount of electrical voltage that can be generated through the SMFC system using stacked SMFC in the form of a series connection. The research methods include determining the sampling location, physical-chemical properties measurement of sediments, SMFC assembly (single and stacked SMFC), and electrical voltage measurement. Three station points representing the overall condition of Kendari Bay are determined as sampling locations. The result shows that there was a decrease in the organic matter content of the sediment substrate after the use of SMFC namely organic carbon from 2.78 percent to be 2.68 percent due to microbial activity in sediments. The single SMFC from station 2 (S2) can produce the maximum electrical voltage of 438 mV which then optimized using stacked SMFC in series connection. The maximum electrical voltage of 2.174V can be obtained using stacked SMFC. These results show that marine sediments of Kendari Bay is interesting as an alternative energy source through SMFC and stacked SMFC could optimize the amount of electrical voltage from single SMFC.
ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM RIVER WATER SEDIMENTS USING SINGLE CHAMBER MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
Microbial fuel cell represents a new type of green technology for electricity generation. In this study, batch production of electricity using river water sediment was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a single chamber microbial fuel cell to study the amount of electricity produced. Maximum potential difference of 0.5V (2.10mA) was recorded at stable operating condition. Up to 58mW/m 2 power density and 157mA/m 2 current density at 50 Ω external resistances was realized. This study demonstrates the advantage of using river water sediments for electricity production in a single system.