Optimization of electricity generation from marine sediment of Kendari Bay using stacked sediment microbial fuel cell (original) (raw)
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Electricity can be generated from naturally occurring electro potential differences through the burial of an anode in sediment and the immersion of a cathode in the overlying body of water. Such a set-up is called a Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) or benthic MFC. Mangrove forest sediment of ―Sundarbans‖ was used to construct SMFC and an open circuit voltage was measured over 40 days. Voltage was found to increase over 14 days after which the voltage remained steady for about 7 days and then declined. The highest voltage of 610 mV was obtained from a single SMFC on the 24th day. Comparative analysis using earthen pot as a proton exchange membrane showed the voltage to increase gradually over an initial period of time, with a highest increase in 80 mV over SMFC without earthen pot. An analysis of different cathode material showed that the highest voltage was obtained from carbon rod over carbon brush and stainless steel as cathode material. Several SMFC were added to make a series connection, which gave enough voltage (3.8 volts) to turn-on a LED bulb and a scientific calculator. The study suggests that Sundarban soil sediment can be a potential source for further study in the development of SMFC.
Geo-environmental improvement of sediment by using microbial fuel cell (MFC)
Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication
In this study, a microbial fuel cell has been designed for the marine sediment to generate bio-electricity and to improve the geo-environmental condition simultaneously. Four different kinds of sediments were used in the laboratory tests to generate the bio-electricity. The acid volatile sulfide (AVS) was measured to verify the improvement of the geo-environment of the marine sediment. The effects of temperature, number of anode and the different conditions of the circuit were evaluated to observe the bio-electricity generation. The amount of voltage value showed almost twice when two anodes were used compared with single anode. Higher temperature showed the higher voltage due to enhanced activity of the bacteria in the higher temperature. Acid volatile sulfide values reduced quickly when the circuit was completed. All the samples showed the decreasing trend of AVS value with time and reached at the 0.2 mg/g dry mud indicating the geo-environmental improvement of the marine sediments.
Because sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) utilize organic materials and microbial catalysts in river or oceanic sediment for electricity generation, high sustainability can be ensured in SMFC operation. However, oligotrophic sediment often creates limitation of electron donor (i.e., organic matter). It results in low power production and poor sustainability of SMFCs. The objective of this study is to evaluate electricity generation using sacrificial magnesium anodes and graphite anodes with or without chitin addition in SMFCs. During 40 days, maximum power densities of magnesium, graphite, magnesium and chitin, and graphite and chitin were 1100, 0, 1575 and 2 / , respectively. The ㎽ ㎡ combination of magnesium and chitin produced the highest power, followed by magnesium electrode, showing combined electrochemical reactions from magnesium corrosion and chitin oxidation increased electricity generation by 30%. A magnesium electrode supplemented with chitin was more slowly corroded than the magnesium alone because chitin addition slowed magnesium corrosion. It shows strict oligotrophic condition of sediment, suggesting necessity of substrate addition in SMFCs. The power level obtained in our experiment using magnesium and chitin was enough for operating oceanographic instruments, which can be possibly deployed in the coastal ocean.
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management
Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a technology that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy through the process of nutrient degradation by microbes. Sediment taken from the bottom of shrimp ponds was added as a source of microbes, while fish and shrimp wastewater were used as a source of nutrients for microbes. This study aims to measure the performance of the SMFC system on fish effluent and shrimp effluent to produce bio-electricity while reducing the waste load. The research method was experimental laboratories. The treatment given was the different types of electrodes, namely zinc-copper and aluminum-copper. In addition, 0.2 M KMnO4 electrolyte solution was used. This study consisted of four stages: the manufacture of nutrients from fish and shrimp wastewater, the manufacture of a dual chamber MFC bioreactor, the measurement of electrical values, and the analysis of waste quality. Experiments were carried out for 30 days by measuring electricity every 24 hours. Th...
— A low cost Sediment Microbial fuel cell designed to provide an opportunity to produce renewable energy from sediment. The power produced by the MFC by microbes present in sediment. In this paper maximum energy extraction is investigated with copper anode and zinc cathode and compare with previous work. Here maximum generated voltage and current of sediment MFC was 1.160V and 0.301mA.Maximum power in sediment MFC with copper anode was 3.491mW for steady state operating condition. Sediment Microbial fuel cell is gifted for sustainable cheap-cost green electricity produce, stable power generation and the long-term operation of MFCs. Sediment microbial fuel cells can be used as a renewable power source for remote environmental monitoring.
Improvement of sediment microbial fuel cell performance by application of sun light and biocathode
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015
Three series of experiments were conducted to improve sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) performance. At first, dissolved oxygen level of catholyte was increased with native seaweed of the Caspian Sea. Power output was improved about 2-fold, and maximum power density of 46.148 mW/m 2 was produced in the presence of seaweed as biocathode in cathode compartment. Secondly, the best depth to embed anode was then determined. Anode was embedded in 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm below the sediment/water interface. The best depth to bury the anode was finally determined in 3 cm below the sediment/water interface, maximum generated power and current density of 42.156 mW/m 2 and 282.92 mA/m 2 , were respectively obtained in this depth. In addition, influence of agitated flow on power generation from SMFC was investigated.
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2018
Aims: To study the performance of SMFC in the terms of power generation and toxic metals removal. This study was also focused on the characterization of SMFC electro-microbiology. Methodology and results: A SMFC was designed and loaded with sediment and overlying water. This SMFC was synchronized with wireless data logger acquisition system. The toxic metals removal capacity was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The characterization of SMFC bacteria was done by 16S rRNA. In this study the experiments were carried out in a dual-chamber SMFC with external resistances 30 kΩ-50 Ω. The SMFC was produced power about 630 mV with maximum power density 40 mW/m 2 and current density 250 mA/m 2. After 120 days of operation, SMFC removed cadmium and copper about 22.6 and 150 mg/kg, respectively. The SMFC also showed high cadmium (86%) and copper (90%) removal at pH 7.0 and temperature 40 °C. The most dominant bacterial community at anode and cathode was identified as Pseudomonas spp. which could be function as exoelectrogen. Conclusion, significance and impact of the study: The results indicated that the SMFC system could be applied as a long term and effective tool for the removal of cadmium and copper contaminated sediments and supply power for commercial devices. The Pseudomonas spp. may be used as a genetic donor for the other non-exoelectrogens strains.
Energy Harvesting from Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell Using Different Electrodes
The consumption rate of energy around the world is rising on each successive day. In this result, Non-renewable sources of energy are ended at a fast rate. Sediment Microbial fuel cell (SMFC) aimed to deliver opportunities to generate pollution-free, cost-effective sustainable energy from sediment. The potential generated by the SMFC, microbes existing in the sediment. In this research, test the different electrode material in SMFC and here find the zinc and copper is the best material for SMFC which generate the maximum voltage across the electrode. Here maximum generated voltage and current of SMFC for steady state operating condition, with a copper anode and zinc cathode were 1.160V and 0.301mA and maximum power was 3.491mW. SMFC is gifted for long-term operation, sustainable low-cost green electricity harvest and stable power generation. SMFC can be used as a renewable power source as a remote environmental monitoring.
EFFECT OF ELECTRODES POSITION ON SEDIMENT MICROBIAL FUEL CELL OUTPUT VOLTAGES
IAEME Publication, 2020
Increasing global energy demand created a huge attention in utilizing numerous energy sources which are renewable and environmentally friendly. Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) is a very new technology and could be considered as renewable energy. Studying SMFC parameters help in opening doors for its amendment and innovate better methods in harvesting more voltages to generate biosensors or other applications. Two positions were appliyed to test the optimum one and study the relationship of water level and sun light and temperature by connecting them to get one answer. Vertical subsurface constructed wetland planted with Cyperus Alternifolius was implemented within two aquariums. The best output voltage was performed for embedded cathode position by reaching to 75 mV whilst free cathode position hits value of 33 mV. Both types showed same pattern in changing of voltage except for the first five days when voltages decreased from (22.3-1.5 mV) and increased from(8-31.4 mV) before starting to their peak values for embedded and free cathode positions, respectively.