Effects of Dump Site Soil on the Leaf Structures of Luffa cylindrical (Sponge gourd) and Amaranthus viridis (Green Amaranth (original) (raw)

2019, Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management

Previous researches have shown the presence of heavy metals (HMs) such as lead (Pb) at different levels in Olusosun dumpsite, Lagos. This study aimed at finding out if the anatomical differences found in Luffa cyclindrical and Amaranthus viridis grown on the dumpsite is an indication of the HMs and also determine the distribution of HMs on the dumpsite. The results showed the HMs detected in the dumpsite soil at three spots were significantly higher than the control (p=0.5). The concentrations of HMs were in sequence for soils A: Pb>Zn=Cr>Fe>Cu>Ni. Spot B: Fe>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni, spot C: Fe>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu>Ni and Control: Pb>Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni. All the HMs detected at the three spots and control were below the World Health Organization (WHO) and Dutch pollutant standard level, except for (Zn) which was at the exact limit (50.000Mg/kg). The plants obtained from both the dumpsite and control sites didn't show marked visible morphological changes. However, anatomical changes in the leaves epidermis such as irregular shape of the epidermis, absence of trichomes and decrease in quality and stomata size were all witnessed in the dumpsite plant as against the control. Hence, it is likely that all detected differences in the epidermal structures of the test plant grown on dumpsite soil were caused by the high level of HMs present in the dumpsites and therefore suggested that, changes in epidermal structures of L. cyclindrical and A. viridis grown on Olusosun dumpsite soils is an indication of HMs such as Zn and Pb present.

Assesement of Some Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants Growth in Dumpsites

This study was carried out to assess the heavy metal content (zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium and nickel) on soils and plants of dumpsites at Oluku, Iguomo and Ikhueniro in Benin City, Edo State. Soil samples were randomly collected from two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) from the dumpsite and control areas. Plant samples (Talinium triangulare) were also collected randomly from the dumpsite and control areas. Analysis of the soil and plant samples showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in heavy metal contents (especially zinc) between the control sites and the dumpsites. It was observed that the pollution index of the dumpsite soils were not high (<1) to readily cause harm. Although the transfer factor for zinc was >1 in the control and dumpsite areas, the other metals remained at <1 with the exception of cadmium which was >1 at the Iguomo dumpsite area.

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Effect of Heavy Metals on Some Selected Roadside Plants and its Morphological Study: A Review

American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 2016

The effect of heavy metals on some selected roadside plants and its morphological structure a detailed literature survey was carried out. Total five plant species, namely Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Polyalthia longifolia Benth. & Hook., Cassia fistula L. and Ficus religiosa L., were selected. The results of the anatomical study reported in literature showed that these plants appeared some surface structural abnormalities; in some cases major structural changes were also recorded. With constant exposure of a leaf surface to auto-exhaust emissions, the epidermal cells collapsed and the cell boundaries which are originally clear changed to irregularly fused cells in most of the cases. In the plants from high polluted areas, the stomata were smaller in size, their frequency was higher and in almost all cases they were in level with epidermal cells. Cuticle surface structures of the studied plants are either rugose (Cassia), smooth or striated (Polyalthia, Bougainvillea and Azadirachta). Present paper tries to summaries effect of heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Cd, Cu and Pb) on five selected road side plants through detailed literature review in their anatomical, morphological and cell properties.

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Heavy Metal Concentration and Bioaccumulation Potential of Plants Within Dumpsite Soil In Ozoro, South-South, Nigeria

This study investigated the concentration and bioaccumulation of Heavy metals of plants within waste dumpsites in Ozoro, South-South Nigeria. The soil and plants parts (Root and shoot) were obtained from the dumpsite and at a farm land far away from the dumpsite (Control site). The soil and plant parts were digested using aqua regia and analysed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck 200A model). Musa paradisiacal (Plantain), Manihot esculenta (Cassava), Colocasia esculenta (Cocoyam) and Carica papaya (Pawpaw) were studied. The heavy metals cadmium, copper, Iron, lead, manganese and zinc were analyzed. The metal concentration in mg/kg ranged thus; Cd (0.01 – 0.06); Cu (0.01 – 0.08); Fe (0.01 – 0.08); Pb (0.01 – 0.07); Mn (0.01 – 0.06) and Zn (0.01 – 0.05). The metal concentrations in the dumpsite soil and plants were relatively higher than those from the control site. Musa paradisiacal and Manihot esculenta had their heavy metals concentrations accumulated more in the roots than in the shoots while Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya had heavy metal concentration more in the shoot than in the root. Bioaccumulation Factor of the studied plants showed that Musa paradisiacal is a bioaccumulator for Manganese, Manihot esculenta and Colocasia esculenta are bioaccumulators for cadmium while Carica papaya is a bioaccumulator for Cadmium, copper and Iron. Translocation Factor (TFRoot to Shoot) of the heavy metals in Musa paradisiacal and Manihot esculenta were all less than 1 while the (TFRoot to Shoot) for Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya were all greater than 1 indicating easy translocation of the metals to the shoot by Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya. The Translocation Factor (TFSoil to Root) for cadmium was greater than 1 for all the plants except Carica papaya. Copper and Iron had TFSoil to root greater than 1 in Manihot esculenta while manganese had TFSoil to root greater than 1 in Musa paradisiacal implying easy translocation of the metals from soil to root. The Enrichment Factor of the heavy metals were all greater than 1 which implies that the metals are all readily available for absorption by the plants. The metal concentrations were less than FAO/WHO guidelines except lead. The ease at which cadmium and lead were translocated from the root to the shoot calls for concern. Therefore planting of crops around dumpsite soils should be discontinued with in order to safeguard our health.

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Forms of Labile Metals in the Soil and Their Concentrations in Amaranthus hybridus from Municipal Dumpsites

Labile metal pollution in soil consequently affected plants and this threaten the health through food chain. Three major dumpsites in Akure metropolis were analysed for their labile metals concentrations, their forms in the soil and the rate of absorption in green vegetables. Utilization of the soil for agricultural purposes that could influence human health was established. Their Concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after digestion. The concentration of labile metals evaluated indicated that Irese Road Dumpsite had high proportions than other dumpsites except Lead (34.00) in AZ Global Alliance. Speciation of labile metals in the three dumpsites showed higher proportion in the inert fractions. Rate of absorption of labile metals in Vegetable from Irese Road Dumpsite were higher in Zinc (1590.00), Iron (596.90), Nickel (300.00), manganese (149.80) and Cadmium (99.96).The results indicated that plants from dumpsites investigated were hazardous for consumption.

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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) grown on Olusosun Dump Site soil, Lagos Nigeria

Journal of Underutilized Legumes, 2019

As a result of African beliefs that dumpsite soils improve plant growth, many local farmers have relied on growing crops on dumpsite soils. For this purpose, this study investigated the presence and level of heavy metals (HM) in Olusosun dumpsite soil and Vigna unguiculata grown on the dumpsite, with a particular reference to the relationship between the dumpsite soil HM content and the rate of bio-accumulation by plants and also, a comparison of the HM levels in the test plant with WHO and NAFDAC standard for HM in food and vegetable products. HM concentration was determined through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AA 6800, Shimadzu) and the seeds of V. unguiculata were obtained from Borno State Agricultural Development Program (BOSADP). The result obtained showed the presence of Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) in the dumpsite soil and also in the test plant. Zn was detected to have the highest concentration (12.25 Mg/Kg) while Ni was the lowest (6.1 Mg/Kg). A comparison between the level of HM obtained and the WHO/NAFDAC standard for HM in food and vegetables revealed Zn level in the test plant was within the standard (50-60 Mg/Kg). However, Pb, Cr and Ni were detected to be above the standard (2.0 Mg/Kg) and therefore may pose serious health risk if consumed. The transfer factor (Tf) revealed that plants grown on Olusosun dumpsite soils accumulated higher HM (1.30-9.20). Generally, the result shows that there was an increase in the level of HM in all the sample sites and test plants than the control. This research clearly indicated those consuming V. unguiculata grown on Olusosun dumpsite soil are at risk of Pb, Cr and Ni poisoning.

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