PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEED OIL OF Simarouba glauca DC. FROM SOUTH INDIA (original) (raw)
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Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Profile and GC-MS Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Simarouba glauca Seeds
Asian Journal of Biological and Life sciences
Medicinal plants acted as traditional medicine from the ancient time and recognized as scientific medicine in modern days. Simarouba glauca is an Indian traditional medicinal plant commonly called as "Paradise Tree or Lakshmi Taru" used for its various medicinal properties. The current study was carried out to know the phytochemicals, antioxidant profile and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) of ethanol extract of the seed S. glauca. Qualitative analysis showed the presence of flavonoids and carbohydrates, lacked alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins. The total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and phenol content were 25.20 ± 0.15mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, 57.08±1.51mg catechin equivalent/g extract and 41.75 ± 2.31mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract respectively. Antioxidants exhibited maximum 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging of 70% at 100 µg/mL concentrations with an IC 50 value 50.93µg/mL, decolourization potential of 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was 65% at 203.87μg/mL concentration and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay exhibited Ascorbic Acid Equivalents (AAE/ml).The relative contents of the fatty acids were calculated with area normalization by GC-MS. Out of the ten fatty acids, four of them were Ethyl oleate (24.20%), Oleic acid (16.13%), 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (12.69%) and Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (12.22%) and other six fatty acids were present less than 11%.
Phytochemicals, Anti-Nutritional Factors and Proximate Analysis of Simarouba Glauca Seeds
IARJSET
Medicinal plants are rich treasure for nutrition and are considered as bio-medicine in day-today life. Simaroubaglauca is an Indian traditional medicinal plant commonly called as "Paradise Tree or Lakshmi Taru" worldwide due to its potent medicinal stuff. The goal of this study was to determine several phytochemicals, antinutritional factors and proximate analysis in the S. glauca seeds. Ethyl acetate extract of seeds of S. glauca was analyzed for the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals by various validated methods. To determine the antinutritional factor used the different physical processes to identify oxalate, phytate, saponins and tannins following standard methods. In the qualitative method of phytochemicals exhibited positive Steroids and Triterpenoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Glycosides and Carbohydrates and in the quantitative method of phytochemicals found total flavonoid content highest at 80µg concentration of extract exhibited 2.152 µg/ml, total proanthocyanidin content highest at 80µg concentration of extract exhibited 2.246 µg/ml and in total phenol content highest at 100µg concentration extract of exhibited 2.450 µg/ml. The seeds of S. glauca were subjected to processing treatments like roasting and Soaking to reduce or inactivate the anti-nutritional factors and the results of roasted seeds exhibit moderate concentrations of oxalates and saponins, lower concentrations of tannins and phytates. Similarly, in soaked seeds also exhibited higher concentrations of tannins and oxalates, moderate concentration of saponins, whereas the lower concentrations in phytates. The seeds of S.glauca are subjected to proximate analysis to determine the crude composition and were found to have 8.6 % moisture, 1.5 % ash, 8.1 % fibers, 40.2 % fats, 25.5 % proteins and 16.1 % carbohydrates.
2021
Aim: The incidence of heart-related disease conditions due to consumption of cholesterol containing oils and the increasing global demand for oil for domestic and industrial purposes have necessitated the need for scientific evaluation of other neglected indigenous plants for potential quality oil yield. This study thus aimed at extracting and comparing physicochemical and nutritional properties of seed oils from Glycine max and Sesamum indicum with a view to diversifying alternative sources of oil to meet teeming industrial and health needs and for food security. Methodology: Solvent extraction method was employed to extract oil from seed samples which were further subjected to estimation of physicochemical indices such as free fatty acid, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, specific gravity, refractive index, density, pH, melting temperature and viscosity according to methods described by using titration method. Results: Findings indicated higher saponification (41...
Safety evaluation of Simarouba glauca seed fat
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2012
Simarouba glauca DC is a tree of the family Simaroubaceae, which grows well up to 1,000 m above sea level in all types of well-drained soils (pH 5.5 to 8.0) and in places with 250 to 2,500 mm annual rainfall. The seed oil has been extracted both by mechanical expelling and solvent extraction. The fatty acid composition and iodine value of the oil indicate that it possesses saturated (40.8-42.6%), monounsaturated (52.9-55.0%), and polyunsaturated (2.5-3.4%) fatty acid in ratios close to that of palm oil. These characteristics are suitable for its use as edible oil. Acute oral toxicity and safety evaluation in a 13-week feeding trial on albino rats showed that the oil is comparable to groundnut oil in all the parameters.
Chemical Investigations of the Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil
Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel, 1982
ByA. S e n g u p t a andS.P Basu' Twolipid fractions 'Nand 'B'were isolated from Sapindus mukorossi seed oil by preparative TLC. Fraction ' A' (70.4 o/q Rf value 0.76) is anormal triglyceride and its fatty acid compositions was determined by GLC. Fraction 'B' (29.6Vq Rf value 0.51) shows the presence of nitrogenous constituents. It develops a reddish brown colour in contact with alkali or alkoxide solution.
The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry", 2019
Ten readily available and underutilized plant materials in the Philippines were investigated for their oil content and composition, level and composition of unsaponifiable fraction and storage stability for possible nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. Based on oil extraction of each sample, the highest oil content of 25.00 ± 0.61 % was extracted from rambutan seed. Long chain fatty acids that can be used for skin-care products such as oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidic acids were detected in all food plant oils samples using gas chromatographic analysis. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid that serves as the building block of human brain tissue and retina of the eye, was found in purslane oil. Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that kernel oils of katchamita and carabao mangoes are relatively close based on their fatty acid profile. Close association was also exhibited by oils of malunggay seed and rice bran. Slow tendency to undergo hydrolytic rancidity of malunggay seed oil is indicated by its low free fatty acid value of 2.13 ± 0.13 meq/kg oil. A peroxide value of 0.95 ± 0.09 mg O 2 / kg of malunggay oil revealed that it is the most stable among the oils. These seven-month storage stability tests of the malunggay oil make it useful as ingredient in cosmetic products. Of the oils extracted, avocado kernel oil showed the highest unsaponifiable content (72.63 ± 2.91%). The unsaponifiable fraction was subjected to TLC analysis using 5:1 v/v petroleum ether-ethyl acetate as solvent, coupled with densitometric analysis using the CP ATLAS v. 2.0 program and results showed that the highest phytosterol content of 57.59 ± 2.80 % was found in the carabao mango seed oil. Antitumor, cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties are the reported bioactivities of phytosterols. This study demonstrates potential sources of nutritional lipids, which can serve as functional and innovative ingredients utilized for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications.
Characterisation of fatty acids and bioactive compounds of kachnar ( Bauhinia purpurea L.) seed oil
Food Chemistry, 2006
Information concerning the exact composition of kachnar (Bauhinia purpurea) seed oil is scare. In the present contribution, a combination of CC, GC, TLC and normal-phase HPLC were performed to analyse lipid classes, fatty acids and fat-soluble bioactives of kachnar seed oil. n-Hexane extract of kachnar oilseeds was found to be 17.5%. The amount of neutral lipids in the crude seed oil was the highest (ca. 99% of total lipids), followed by glycolipids and phospholipids, respectively. Linoleic, followed by palmitic, oleic and stearic, were the major fatty acids in the crude seed oil and its lipid classes. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acid, was higher in neutral lipid classes than in the polar lipid fractions. The oil was characterised by a relatively high amount of phytosterols, wherein the sterol markers were β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. β-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol isomer with the rest being δ-tocopherol. In consideration of potential utilisation, detailed knowledge of the composition of kachnar (B. purpurea) seed oil is of major importance.
Extraction and physicochemical analysis of some selected seed oils
International Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 2014
Oil was extracted from the seeds of groundnut, melon and Moringa oleifera. The physicochemical properties of groundnut oil, melon oil and moringa oil were determined. The acid value obtained was 9.76 mgKOH/g, 7.85 mgKOH/g and 1.91 mgKOH/g for moringa, melon and groundnut oil respectively. The Iodine value was found to be 35.85 mg/g, 83.75 mg/g and 59.64 mg/g for moringa, melon and groundnut oil respectively. The Peroxide values were moringa oil - 13.80 meq/kg, melon oil - 5.60 meq/kg and groundnut oil - 10.80 meq/kg. Unsaponifiable matter values were moringa oil - 8.59 g/kg, melon oil - 2.18 g/kg, groundnut oil - 5.77 g/kg while the saponifica-tion values were moringa oil - 155.68 mgKOH/g, melon oil - 180.92 mgKOH/g and groundnut oil - 168.30 mgKOH/g. The volatile mat-ter in the oils was found to be 0.06. 0.07 And 0.04 in groundnut, melon and moringa oil respectively. All the oils were pale yellow in colour and liquids at room temperature. The results obtained from the physicochemical characterization of the oils shows that moringa oleifera seed oil compares favourably with the other oils and has high potentials for use both as domestic oil and as industrial oil.
Physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of selected seed oils
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2009
The physicochemical properties and chemical composition of oil extracted from five varieties of plant seeds (bittermelon, Kalahari melon, kenaf, pumpkin and roselle seeds) were examined by established methods. The thermal properties of extracted oils by differential scanning calorimetry were also evaluated. Sensorial profiles of these seed oils were defined through the CieLab (L*, a*, b*) colour. Most of the quality indices and fatty acid compositions showed significant (P < 0.05) variations among the extracted oils. Physicochemical properties of the oils extracted were iodine value, 86.0-125.0 g I 2 /100 g oil; saponification value, 171.0-190.7 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 1.1-12.9 mg of KOH/g of oil, free fatty acid, 0.6-6.5 g/100 g of oil, and peroxide value 1.5-6.5 meq of O 2 /kg of oil. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids in all of the extracted seed oils except for bittermelon, where eleostearic acid was the major fatty acid. Gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, pcoumaric and ferulic acids were identified in the extracted plant oils. Among these, vanillic acid was predominant in all extracted oils. The oils were rich in tocopherols with g-tocopherol as the major components in all oil samples. Among the phytosterols, sitosterol was the major phytosterol extracted from the five plant seed oils. The seeds of these plants contain a great number of valuable minor compounds, which have a potential high value as food and for production of non-food products.
Influence of plant growth regulators on fatty acid composition of Simarouba glauca DC
Current Botany
Simarouba glauca is a medicinally important oil yielding plant. It is a rainfed wasteland evergreen edible oil tree. Presowing soaked seeds of Simarouba glauca in various Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are analyzed to estimate their fatty acid composition. The fatty acids extraction was done using petroleum ether and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Due to the application of growth regulators stearic acid, lingoceric acid and linolenic acid enhances noticeably, while, total saturated fatty acids are augmented due to cysteine, Salicylic Acid (SA) and methionine treatments and monosaturated fatty acids elevated due to the application of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids enhanced in response to Gibberellic Acid (GA) and Chlormequat chloride (CCC). The PGR induced changes in fatty acid composition predominantly in polyunsaturated fatty acids may certainly recover the oil quality of ...