Relation Between Parenting Style and Self Esteem (original) (raw)
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SHORT VERSION OF THE PARENTAL AUTHORITY QUESTIONNAIRE
Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal
A short version of Buri's (1991) 30-item Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), a widely used measure of Baumrind's (1971) model of authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles, has been developed in this study. The participants were 3,025 middle and high school students from Oman. The sample was randomly divided into 2 subsamples. The first sample (N = 1,504) was used for the development of the short version, and the second sample (N = 1,521) served as the validation sample. The results indicate that a reduced 20-item PAQ fit the data better than the 30-item PAQ. The short version evidenced adequate validity and internal consistency. It was discussed and confirmed that the short version of the PAQ utilizes Baumrind's model of parenting styles as well as the original long version of the PAQ, and functions appropriately. This result is consistent with previous research. The construct of parenting style is used to describe parents' practices in social...
2020
Understanding whether there is a relationship between perceived parental authority styles and self-esteem in high school students is the main purpose of the study. In addition, the effects of gender, age, mother's education level, father's education level and family's economic status on perceived parental authority styles and self-esteem were investigated. Whether the variables fit the normal distribution or not was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the variables that did not fit the normal distribution were given with median, minimum and maximum values. "Mann Whitney U" test was used in the analysis of the differences between the two groups, and the "Kruskal Wallis H" test was used for the differences between 3 or more groups. Relationships between variables were analyzed using "Spearman Correlation Coefficient". Statistical analyzes were made using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 program. Significance level was taken as 0.05. 209 male and 210 female high school students participated in the research. It was observed that the participants defined their family's parent attitudes as highly democratic, medium-level protective-willing, and low-level authoritarian. It was observed that the democratic parental attitude did not have a significant effect on the self-esteem of individuals, and the self-esteem perceptions of the participants with protective-willing and authoritarian parental attitudes were found to be high. There was no significant effect of gender and age factors on the perception of parental attitudes and self-esteem level. It was observed that as the education level of the mother increased, the democratic parental attitude perceived by the participants also increased. There was no significant relationship between mother's education level and selfesteem. It was observed that as the father's education level increased, the perceived democratic parental attitude ratio also increased, but a significant relationship was not found between the father's education level and the participants' self-esteem level. It has been observed that the very high economic level of the family increases the authoritarian parental attitude rate compared to families with medium economic status. It was observed that the self-esteem of the participants with low income level was higher than the participants with middle and high income level. It was determined that the family's economic status did not have a significant effect on protective-willing and democratic parenting attitudes.
A 133-item parenting questionnaire was completed by 1251 parents of preschool and school-age children. Items in this measure were reduced using principle axes factor analyses followed by varimax rotation. Three global parenting dimensions emerged consistent with Baumrind's authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive typologies. Internal consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach alpha and additional items were deleted. A 62-item instrument was retained, and the global parenting dimensions were subsequently analyzed to determine their internal structures using principle axes factor analyses followed by oblique rotation. For each of the three global dimensions a number of specific factors were identified.
Construction and Validation of Scale of Parenting Style
This paper describes the development and standardization of a measure of perceived parenting style. The four styles namely authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and negligent proposed by Baumrind (1971) are scaled based on a quadrant of high and low levels of parental responsiveness and control suggested by Maccoby and Martin (1983). The items are constructed on socio-cultural and educational circumstances of adolescent students in Kerala, India. Hence, the tool will be largely suitable for scaling the four parenting styles among south Asian adolescent students. The tool has good criterion related validity and test-retest reliability. Parents have huge impact on a person's life. Number of studies in the area of parenting matches its importance on the developing person. Parenting process combines all the activities of the parents that intended to support their children's wellbeing. One of the most studied approaches to understanding parental influences on human development is concept of parenting style (Baumrind, 1967). Baumrind proposed parenting styles as correlates to socialization of the children. Then many researches recognized the importance of researching role of parenting style in child development (Kordi,
Research Paper: Determinants of Authoritative Parenting Style in Iranian Mothers
Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to identify the determinants of mother's authoritative parenting style upon the ecological model of parenting. There are some factors involved in this model such as a parent (i.e. developmental history, personality), and child characteristics (i.e. temperament and developmental issues) and environmental factors. Methods: The statistic population of this study includes mothers in Tehran having preschool children between 4–6 years old. By convenient sampling, eight kindergarten schools were selected, and mothers completed the questionnaires. The sample consisted of 157 mothers who had the authoritative parenting style based on the score of Baumrind's parenting style questionnaire. The participants completed the questionnaires and data was analyzed with regression analysis. Results: The parent's neuroticism (r=-0.253, P<0.01), social support (r=-0.200, P<0.05) and some temperamental characteristics of child i.e. excitability (r=-0.526, P<0.01) and activity (r=-0.163, P<0.05) were significant variables in prediction of authoritative parenting style. Discussion: This study enhances our understanding of the primary determinants of authoritative parenting style in Iranian mothers. The authoritative parenting style is a function of interactional mother and child characteristic and contextual components. These parents had a low score on neuroticism. Therefore, they had emotional stability and could manage their impulse and negative emotions about child maltreatment. Also, their children had low scores in excitability and a high score in sociability. Additionally, the authoritative mothers had weak social support. One explanation for this result is that mothers are the autonomy people and stand on their own rules and had little need to others.
Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure
A 133-item parenting questionnaire was completed by 1251 parents of preschool and school-age children. Items in this measure were reduced using principle axes factor analyses followed by varimax rotation. Three global parenting dimensions emerged consistent with Baumrind's authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive typologies. Internal consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach alpha and additional items were deleted. A 62-item instrument was retained, and the global parenting dimensions were subsequently analyzed to determine their internal structures using principle axes factor analyses followed by oblique rotation. For each of the three global dimensions a number of specific factors were identified.
Determinants of Authoritative Parenting Style in Iranian Mothers
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
The primary goal of this study was to identify the determinants of mother's authoritative parenting style upon the ecological model of parenting. There are some factors involved in this model such as a parent (i.e. developmental history, personality), and child characteristics (i.e. temperament and developmental issues) and environmental factors. Methods: The statistic population of this study includes mothers in Tehran having preschool children between 4-6 years old. By convenient sampling, eight kindergarten schools were selected, and mothers completed the questionnaires. The sample consisted of 157 mothers who had the authoritative parenting style based on the score of Baumrind's parenting style questionnaire. The participants completed the questionnaires and data was analyzed with regression analysis. Results: The parent's neuroticism (r=-0.253, P<0.01), social support (r=-0.200, P<0.05) and some temperamental characteristics of child i.e. excitability (r=-0.526, P<0.01) and activity (r=-0.163, P<0.05) were significant variables in prediction of authoritative parenting style. Discussion: This study enhances our understanding of the primary determinants of authoritative parenting style in Iranian mothers. The authoritative parenting style is a function of interactional mother and child characteristic and contextual components. These parents had a low score on neuroticism. Therefore, they had emotional stability and could manage their impulse and negative emotions about child maltreatment. Also, their children had low scores in excitability and a high score in sociability. Additionally, the authoritative mothers had weak social support. One explanation for this result is that mothers are the autonomy people and stand on their own rules and had little need to others.
Effect of Authoritarian Parenting style on self esteem of the Child A Systematic Review
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 2017
This study has been conducted to find out the effect of authoritarian parenting style on self esteem of the children between the ages of 6 to 19 years, authoritarian parenting is very strict, expecting, controlling and rigid style of parenting which is being carried out by the parents with an objective to keep their kids safe and secure, but they often forget its consequences on the mental health of the child. 10 research papers were reviewed to find out the relationship and it was found that authoritative parenting style is being considered as the best parenting style giving limited independence and opportunities to understand their children which considerably has a positive impact on self-esteem of their children, on the other hand all the researches have proved that authoritarian parenting style always has a negative effect on the self esteem, it destroys their self-confidence and increases their insecurity and inferiority. It is very important in today’s era that we choose an ap...
Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 2001
Measures of authoritarianism, collectivism, warmth, anger, attributions for children's misbehavior, and parental feelings of control over failure were administered to Egyptian Canadian and Anglo-Canadian men and women living in Canada. The Egyptian Canadians were higher on authoritarianism, collectivism, anger, and the men were higher on perceived control over failure. The best predictor of authoritarian parenting for the Egyptian Canadian group was collectivism. For the Anglo-Canadian group, the best predictors were collectivism and lack of warmth. Differences in the meaning of authoritarianism in collectivist and individualist groups and their meaning for the transmission of values are discussed: Higher levels of authoritarianism are not necessarily accompanied by overall lower levels of warmth; more negative (dispositional) attributions about children; or more automatic, maladaptive, and inflexible processing of information. Thus, the conditions that promote transmission of values-warmth and benign ways of thinking-are just as likely to be present in groups using authoritarian parenting.
Impact of Authoritative Parenting Style on Self-Esteem among Primary School Students
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, COMPUTING AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH, 2020
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of authoritative parenting style on self-esteem. For this purpose it was hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between authoritative parenting style and self-esteem among primary school students. It was also hypothesized that authoritative parenting style positively predicts Self-esteem among primary school students. The sample comprised of 259 students, including 198 boys and 61 girls. These were recruited through convenient sampling technique from Shabqadar, district Charsadda, K.P. Pakistan. The student's age ranged from 10 years to 12 years, and their educational level was 4th and 5th classes. For data collection two scales were used. Rosenberg self-esteem scale Urdu version for measuring self-esteem of students, which was originally constructed by Rosenberg in 1965 and translated by Sammer in 2016 with 0.77 internal consistencies and test retest reliability, is 0.85. The second scale was Parental Authority Questionnaire. That was originally constructed by Buri in 1991, and translated by Khalid in 2004, with .82 Cornbrach's coefficient and Testretest reliability is .78. Pearson correlation result indicated significant and positive correlation was obtained between maternal and paternal parenting style and self-esteem p< 0.01. Regression analysis demonstrates p<0.01 between parenting style and self-esteem β= .16. Hence it is concluded that authoritative parenting style fosters self-esteem of students at primary level.