A Study of Pap Smears in Reproductive Age Group Women (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2021
Background: Cancer cervix is fourth most common cancer in the world and second most common in India. In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst women. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted among 200 women undergoing Pap Smear Test at gynecology OPD between January-June 2020. Pap smear test was classified as per Bethesda system. Result: Abnormal pap smear report was seen among 25.5% women. Higher proportion of abnormal pap report was seen among women aged 21-30 years (41.17%), with a duration of married life between 10-20 years 33.3%. The common abnormal pap smear report finding were inflammatory changes and vaginosis. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found among 18 (9%) women. Conclusion: Pap smear test is a simple, affordable, effective, and practical screening test for early detection of cervical cancer, and it decreases morbidities and mortalities due to cervical cancer.
The importance of Pap smear for the prevention of Cervical Uterine Cancer
It is a slow-developing malignant neoplasm with a high cure rate when diagnosed early. The most important risk factor is the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection, with sexual intercourse as the main form of contagion. Contribute to women’s awareness about the importance of performing the preventive examination in the early diagnosis of Cervical Cancer. The expected results are to clarify the risks of cervical cancer (CC) in women’s health and inform the women about the importance of periodic pap smear in the prevention of uterine cancer. This is a descriptive analysis study regarding the importance of performing the Pap smear as early diagnosis and prevention of uterine cancer, description of the cervix, its lesions, and HPV virus infection. It is concluded that the lack of knowledge about the method of prevention of CC is relatively large, with this should occur a better orientation, greater dissemination, and more qualified professionals, thus increasing the adherence of women performing the examination periodically.
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2011
The study was conducted to explore various lesions of Uterine cervix [inflammatory and growth], to find out target age group in which screening efforts can be concentrated for early detection as well as reduction of the incidence of cervical cancer, in our set up. Patients in the age group 15-50 and 50-78 years with various complaints were screened during June 2006 to December 2007. Total 995 patients were studied. Slides were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with Pap stain. Slides were reported according to the 2001 Bethesda System, by cytopathologists. Out of 995 patients studied, 940 showed inflammation and other benign lesions. 55 patients showed premalignant and malignant lesions. Premalignant lesions were present in 30-50 year of age group.
Cervical pap smear study and its utility in cervical cancer detection and prevention
Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research
The objective of present study to find out women for precancerous lesions with the help of pap smear test as early identification marker. Determine the percentage of cervical cancer in relationship with demographic, education and occupation. To find out pap smear effectiveness in various infections. To find out correlation pap smear findings with symptoms.This is a cross-sectional study involving the screening of women from the rural population of Siddipet district for the assessment of health status using pap smear test who have attended the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology conducted during the period of August 2019 to May 2021. The present study included 1500 Pap smears, of which the most common abnormality was inflammatory smear, which is followed by atrophic smear. Among all the study respondent’s majority (64.5%) of the women were home makers and not working, remaining participants were either self employed or working women. Percentage of abnormal smear report...
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2017
Background: Cancer cervix is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide. According to National Cancer Registry Program of India, cancers of cervix and breast are leading malignancies in Indian women. The morbidity and mortality could be significantly reduced with an active cervical smear screening programme. Objective: The study was done to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of women about cervical smear testing, to establish a cervical smear screening program and to evaluate the cervical cytological abnormalities. It was done to determine the applicability, limitations and utility of this screening in a district hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 287 married women were included in our study. Knowledge about Pap smear testing was determined through printed questionnaires. Pap smear screening was performed on every woman in our study group. Detailed clinical data and cytology reports were noted in a proforma. Results: About 92% women of our study group had never heard or undergone Pap smear screening before. Maximum number of patients was in 4th decade. Of the 287 smears, 276(96.16%) were adequate. Normal smear were 78(27.18%), inflammatory 168(58.54%), whereas epithelial cell abnormalities were seen in 26(9.05%) cases. The 26 abnormal cases comprised of 17(5.92%) cases with ASC-US, 5(1.74%) cases of LSIL, 1(0.35%) cases of HSIL, 3(1.04%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Epithelial cell abnormality in our study group was less than Western countries. There is poor knowledge about Pap smear screening. Pap smear study can be easily done through a chain built between the primary health care unit and district hospital and laboratory.
PAP SMEAR: AN IMPORTANT SCREENING TECHNIQUE FOR PREVENTING AND DETECTING CERVICAL CANCER
Continental J. Medical Research , 2010
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most preventable cancer in women worldwide, and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths. Cervical cancer is less common than it once was in developed nations due to early detection through Pap smear technique. However, in developing countries especially the Sub Saharan region, the number of deaths resulting from cervical cancer is unquantifiable as a result of inaccurate data. Method: A review of literature, utilizing the PUBMED and those obtained through nominal search and general text books was done to determine the epidemiology, overview, screening methods and obstacles, risk factor, guideline for prevention and health promotion of cervical cancer through Pap smear on women of child bearing age.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2022
Objectives: To determine risk factors of cervical cancer and role of healthcare providers regarding awareness and counseling of PAP-smear. Methods: It was case-control study conducted from Jan-2021 till may-2021 at two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi South. The intended sample size was 255 subjects as 105 cases and 150 controls. The inclusion criteria were diagnosed cases of CA Cervix and under the age of 50 years. Controls were recruited from the general population. All the data were entered into SPSS version 23. The odds ratio was calculated to compare the risks of occurring CA cervix among cases and controls. The relationship of risk factors was assessed by binary logistic regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Generally, highly significant p-value (<0.000) was observed; depicted a positive association for a level of education, age at first intercourse, and number of parity in cases of CA cervix and controls (OR=4.3). The correct...
International journal of health sciences
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer. Pap smear testing can detect cervix precursor lesions early on, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancer. Early detection and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality. Aim: To study and analyse 100 Papanicolaou smears (PAP smears) taken from women presenting with various gynaecological indications as a screening method to rule out cervical cancer. Method: PAP test with an Ayres spatula on women between the ages of 25 and 70 who went to the gynaecological outpatient department with different gynaecological complaints. SMEAR was reported as per the 2013 Bethesda system. Result: The common presenting complaints of women in our study were abnormal vaginal discharge (p/v 55%), followed by pruritities valvae (09%), intermenstrual bleeding (08%), and postcoital bleeding in 02% of women. On speculum examination of the cervix, 30% had chronic cervicitis. In only 4% of women, the cervix bleeds on touch. Abnormal vagina...
Cervical Cancer screening in a tertiary care centre by Pap smear and its clinical correlation
Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, 2019
Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers in women and is a major public health problem all over the world. It has significant contribution to high mortality and morbidity. Preinvasive lesions spontaneously regress to normal, remain stable for a long time or progress to higher degree of dysplasia followed by carcinoma cervix. Materials and Method This was a hospital based retrospective study where 456 patients’ records were reviewed. Pap smear was used as the screening tool for the detection of precancerous lesion among the women visiting Western Regional Hospital (WRH), Department of obstetrics and gynecology. Results: Among 456 patients screened, most of them were in the age group of 30-39 years (42.8%) and were of parity 3 (42.8%). Most of them had no risk factors for carcinoma cervix (54.4%). Early marriage accounted for the highest risk of developing precancerous lesion (32.7%). There were no carcinoma detected by Pap smear. The test was negative in 68.9%, Low-...