Basalt as Pozzolana and Filler in Ordinary Portland Cement (original) (raw)
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Delta Journal of Science, 2021
Mid-Tertiary volcanism in the Western Desert Egypt was associated with the opening of the Red Sea, a period of 30 Ma. Basalts are composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine minerals. Basalt used as natural volcanic pozzolans materials; represent large interest of researches as a real alternative to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The present work was performed on six samples of experimental cement clinker, one with ordinary raw materials (limestone & shale) as a reference sample, and five others with various substance (limestone & basalts), which show the possibility of the utilization of natural pozzolan for maintainable construction material. The chemical, mineralogical composition and texture produced clinkers were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It is concluded that the produced clinkers which made from basalt are coincidence ordinary Portland cement clinker. They are characterized by increasing in setting time, compressive strength and resistance to sulfate attack.
Basalt rock as an alternative raw material in Portland cement manufacture
Materials Letters, 2001
The possibility of using basalt rock, which has relatively limited uses, instead of clay in cement industry is investigated. Ž. Two clinker mixtures were prepared according to the composition: 87 wt.% limestoneq 12 wt.% clay or basalt rock. To compensate the lack of iron in clay clinker mixture and the lack of silicate in basalt clinker mixture, 1 wt.% Fe O was 2 3 added to the clay clinker mix and 1 wt.% sand, as a source of silicon oxide, was added to the basalt clinker mix. Each clinker mixture was ground, then fired at 15008C for 2 h then quenched in air. Each produced clinker was ground to a Blain area equal to 3000 cm 2 rg and mixed with 5 wt.% natural gypsum and 24 wt.% water. The produced pastes were molded in the 1-in. 3 molds. The compressive strength test was performed at 7 and 28 days of hydration. Chemical composition analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and Mossbauer effect measurements were performed on thë raw materials and on the produced clinkers. It was found that basalt is a typical raw material, with little addition of sand, to replace clay in producing Portland cement clinker as a source of aluminum silicate. This means that new cement factories could be established at different localities at which clay is not found, while basalt rock is available.
Pozzolanic Characteristics of a Natural Raw Material for Use in Blended Cements
2009
In this study, the potential use of a natural raw material in the manufacture of blended cements was investigated. Mineralogical, petrographic and chemical analyses of the samples showed that the natural raw material was a porphyritic volcanic rock close to trachyandesite composition with a SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 +Fe 2 O 3 content of 79.86%. Further experiments were also designed to determine the physical properties and pozzolanic activity of the raw material. The mortar samples, made with a binder of ground trachyandesite and lime, developed compressive and flexural strengths of 2.5 and 3.3 times respectively higher than those required for a natural pozzolan. Further tests revealed that when the ground trachyandesite replaced 30% w/w of Portland cement, the blended cements produced had the desired physical and chemical characteristics with compressive strengths higher than 32.9 N/mm 2 . These findings suggest that this material can be used in the production of blended cements.
Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais, 2022
resumo: Portland cement remains the main material of choice in construction due to its thermal, mechanical and durability properties. However, there is growing concern about the large amount of energy consumed and the environmental pollution generated during its production. The objective of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the potential of the fine residual material produced by crushing basalt rocks to form a supplementary cementitious matrix through alkaline activation. Basalt powder with a particle size of less than 53µm was prepared and activated with a sodium hydroxide solution, with a sodium silicate solution as an adjuvant. The curing process of the material was also carried out at 5 temperature levels, 75, 85, 100, 115, 125°C, according to the experimental design. The paste was dry curing at a standard digital laboratory oven for 24 hours. After curing, the compressive strength of the material was evaluated, reaching a mean value of 10.21 MPa for the H5S15T125 mixture a...
Pozzolanic properties of calcareous clay in blended cement pastes
The properties of mortar containing blends or mixtures ol Portland cement clinker, calcined clay and gypsum were examined. The mortars which consist of 80% of Portland clinkel 15% ol calcined clay and 5olo of gyprum were prepared and compared, in terms of setting times and compressive strengths, lo clay-lree control mortar with 95% of Portland clinker and Selo of gypsugn. Four clay samples were prepared as pozzolana for lhe analysis. The initial setting times of the pozzolana cdment varied from 159-170 minutes compared to 157-160 minutes for the control mix while the final setting times lor the pozzolana cement and the control cement varied trom 232-240 and 236-245 respectively. The compressive strengths for 3-days, 7'days and 28-days for both types of mortars show very close and similar resemblances with the 28-days strength of the pozzolana cement having values in the range of 47-Sg N/mm2 and the control cement having values in the range of 44-55 N/mm'z.
Mineralogy of plain Portland and blended cement pastes
Building and Environment, 2008
The compressive strength and microstructure of blended cement was investigated in this study. The hydration products of cements were identified by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarising microscopy (thin section). Results indicated that the blended cement required pozzolanic activity in addition to its cementing property with the addition of 30% material. Aggregations of belite grains were observed which were surrounded by alite. Blended cement exhibited high early-term strength. However, its 3d-age strength is lower than ordinary Portland cement. On the other hand, all blended cement mortars fulfil the compressive strength requirements of TS 24. Hence, it can be said that blended cement can achieve adequate early compressive strength. A reduction in the amount of CSH gel and the porosity of the matrix in mortars were found to be responsible for the poor compressive strength of the cement paste in early the age. r
Materials
This study focuses on evaluating the effect of the fineness of basaltic volcanic ash (VA) on the engineering properties of cement pozzolan mixtures. In this study, VA of two different fineness, i.e., VA fine (VF) and VA ultra-fine (VUF) and commercially available fly ash (FA) was used to partially replace cement. Including a control and a hybrid mix (10% each of VUF and FA), eleven mortar mixes were prepared with various percentages of VA and FA (10%, 20% and 30%) to partially replace cement. First, material characterization was performed by using X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, and a modified Chappelle test. Then, the compressive strength development, alkali silica reactivity (ASR), and drying shrinkage of all mortar mixes were investigated. Finally, XRD analysis on paste samples of all mixes was performed to assess their pozzolanic reactivity at ages of 7 and 91 days. The results showed increased Chappelle reactivity values with an ...
Influence of Clay Pozzolana on Some Properties of Portland Limestone Cement
Construction Research Congress 2014, 2014
For many years in the Ghanaian construction industry, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has been known to be the main binding agent widely used for construction. However in recent times the cement market in the country has seen the entrance of Portland Limestone cement (PLC). Data regarding ordinary Portland cement and clay pozzolana (CP) is available but with PLC-CP mixes, there remains absolutely no data. In this work PLC was incorporated with different percentages of CP ranging between 10% and 40%. The CP was characterised based on physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. Technical parameters such as normal consistency and setting times were analysed on the formulated paste whilst strength analysis were performed on the batch mixes of formulated mortars. The results indicated that both the consistency and setting times appreciated as compared with only PLC paste whilst the compressive strength of PLC mortars incorporated with CP fell slightly lower than the controlled PLC mortar.