Exploratory study for the alkaline activation of basalt powder as a supplementary cementitious matrix (original) (raw)
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Basalt rock as an alternative raw material in Portland cement manufacture
Materials Letters, 2001
The possibility of using basalt rock, which has relatively limited uses, instead of clay in cement industry is investigated. Ž. Two clinker mixtures were prepared according to the composition: 87 wt.% limestoneq 12 wt.% clay or basalt rock. To compensate the lack of iron in clay clinker mixture and the lack of silicate in basalt clinker mixture, 1 wt.% Fe O was 2 3 added to the clay clinker mix and 1 wt.% sand, as a source of silicon oxide, was added to the basalt clinker mix. Each clinker mixture was ground, then fired at 15008C for 2 h then quenched in air. Each produced clinker was ground to a Blain area equal to 3000 cm 2 rg and mixed with 5 wt.% natural gypsum and 24 wt.% water. The produced pastes were molded in the 1-in. 3 molds. The compressive strength test was performed at 7 and 28 days of hydration. Chemical composition analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and Mossbauer effect measurements were performed on thë raw materials and on the produced clinkers. It was found that basalt is a typical raw material, with little addition of sand, to replace clay in producing Portland cement clinker as a source of aluminum silicate. This means that new cement factories could be established at different localities at which clay is not found, while basalt rock is available.
Basalt as Pozzolana and Filler in Ordinary Portland Cement
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2015
Pozzolana is defined as a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous materials which in itself possess little or no cementing properties, but will in a finally divided form and in the presence of moisture react with Ca(OH) 2 at ordinary temperature to form compound possessing cementious properties. Pozzolanic cement contains Portland cement as one of their main components in addition to natural or industrial by products. These include slag, fly ash, homra, silica fumes, rice husk ash, etc. The aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of fresh basalt on the properties of ordinary Portland cement pastes. The rate of hydration was studied from the determination of free lime, combined water and insoluble residue up to 90 days of hydration. The physicomechanical properties such as bulk density, apparent porosity and compressive strength of the hardened cement pastes were determined. The results revealed that the water of consistency increases with the basalt content whereas the setting time was slightly elongated. On the other side, the combined water increases with the basalt content and curing time. This is mainly due to the effect of nucleating of basalt as filler. The addition of 20 wt% basalt gives the higher compressive strength of the cement pastes in comparison to OPC and cement pastes containing 5, 10 and 15 wt% basalt at all curing times.
Basalt Powder Waste Application as Affordable Concrete Admixture
Journal of Building Materials and Structures
Different weather conditions, like temperature and humidity influence on the performance of concrete structures to which they are normally subjected, especially at earlier stage of their service life. One of practical measures has been the regulation of the setting time of fresh concrete. Some admixtures are used in concrete to regulate the setting time and therefore increase structures performance under given situation. Almost all admixtures used in Rwanda are being imported from outside the country and this is one of factors affecting the construction cost. A big quantity of basalt powder at different sites in the country is left without being used and has been negatively impacting the environment. This study aimed at analyzing the potentials of basalt powder waste used in concrete as admixtures in different percentages, e.g. 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Different investigations on concrete incorporating basalt powder as admixture, such as the setting time, workability and compressio...
Effect of basalt powder addition on properties of mortar
MATEC Web of Conferences
The study evaluates the use of waste basalt powder as a replacement of cement to enhance hydration of cement and mortar properties. The basalt powder is a waste resulting from preparation of aggregate used in asphalt mixture production. Previous studies have shown that analysed waste used as a fine aggregate replacement has a beneficial effect on some properties of mortar and concrete, i.e. compressive strength, flexural strength and freeze resistance. The present study shows the results of the research concerning the modification of cement paste and mortar with basalt powder. The modification consists in adding the powder waste as a partial replacement of cement. The percentages of basalt powder in this research are 0-40% and 0-20% by mass of cement in the pastes and mortars respectively. The experiments were carried out to determine the influence of basalt powder on cement hydration, as well as compressive and flexural strength. Results indicate that addition of basalt powder as a...
Assesment of Alkali Resistance of Basalt Used as Concrete Aggregates
Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015
The objective of this paper is to report a part of an ongoing research on the influence of using crushed basalt as aggregates on one of durability-related properties of concrete (i.e. alkali-silica reaction which is the most common form of Alkali-Aggregate Reaction). Alkali resistance has been assessed through several methods specified in the American Standards. Results of petrographic examination, chemical test (ASTM C289) and accelerated mortar bar test (ASTM C1260) have particularly been reported. In addition, the weight change and compressive strength of 28 days cured concrete containing basaltic aggregates were also reported after 90 days of exposure to 10% NaOH solution. Dolomite aggregate were used in the latter test for comparison. The experimental results revealed that basaltic rocks quarried from As-Swaida’a region were suitable for production of aggregates for concrete. According to the test results, the studied basalt aggregates can be classified as innocuous with regard...
Properties of Diyarbakir Basalt for Concrete Mix
Concrete is the most common structural material used in construction of buildings etc. in the world. the chemical and physical properties of aggregates have a great importance in concrete design with respect to strength and durability of concrete structures. In this study, as a concrete aggregate, basalt which is common around Diyarbakır province and mineral additives which are waste materials together with cement are used as binding material. This paper has come into prominence as it aims to determine proper admixture levels and usability of Diyarbakır basalt in concrete admixture following the mechanical, physical and chemical properties.
Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A, 2015
Basaltic rocks are used extensively as engineering materials including aggregates for Portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete. Syria is very rich in Basaltic rocks. There are reserves estimated to be several billion tonnes according to recent geological investigations. The annual production of concrete in Syria is about 20 million m 3 , containing about 35 million tonnes of aggregates. Due to some concerns, use of basalt as concrete aggregate is very limited in Syria. Because of additional costs of transportation of dolomite aggregate produced in quarries located about 200 km far from the southern region, studying suitability of basaltic rocks occurring in As-Swaida'a region as local aggregate source would be very important. As-Swaida is basically an agricultural city. However, it has recently witnessed urban and industrial developments. This paper is part of larger research on evaluating the basaltic rocks extracted from As-Swaida'a region, as a potential source of concrete aggregate. Effects of aggressive acidic environments on concrete have been investigated through 3 months of exposure to 5% H 2 SO 4 , 10% HCl, 5% HNO 3 and 10% CH 3 COOH solutions. In addition, concrete permeability measured in terms of water penetration depth was evaluated for concrete after two curing time of 28 and 90 days. A RCPT (Rapid chloride penetration test) has also been carried out according to ASTM C 1202. Dolomite aggregate were used for comparison. Petrographical, chemical and physical characteristics of basaltic rocks have been reported as well. The experimental results revealed that As-Swaida'a basaltic rocks were suitable for production of crushed rock aggregates for concrete production. The resistance to all acidic solutions, except H 2 SO 4 solution, was improved substantially with the use of basalt aggregate. In addition, the resistance to water permeation and to chloride penetration of concrete increased with the use of basalt aggregates compared with dolomite aggregate. Moreover, definite correlations were noted between some acidic attacks.
Materials
This study focuses on evaluating the effect of the fineness of basaltic volcanic ash (VA) on the engineering properties of cement pozzolan mixtures. In this study, VA of two different fineness, i.e., VA fine (VF) and VA ultra-fine (VUF) and commercially available fly ash (FA) was used to partially replace cement. Including a control and a hybrid mix (10% each of VUF and FA), eleven mortar mixes were prepared with various percentages of VA and FA (10%, 20% and 30%) to partially replace cement. First, material characterization was performed by using X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, and a modified Chappelle test. Then, the compressive strength development, alkali silica reactivity (ASR), and drying shrinkage of all mortar mixes were investigated. Finally, XRD analysis on paste samples of all mixes was performed to assess their pozzolanic reactivity at ages of 7 and 91 days. The results showed increased Chappelle reactivity values with an ...