Microbial succinic acid production: Natural versus metabolic engineered producers (original) (raw)
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Biotechnological production of succinic acid: current state and perspectives
Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012
Succinic acid has multiple practical applications (e.g. synthesis of 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, gamma-butyrolactone, and as a monomer of some biodegradable polymers). Bio-based succinic acid is a potential substitute for current petrochemical production. Facing a shortage of crude oil supply and sharply rising oil prices, biological production of succinic acid from abundant and available biomass has become a topic of worldwide interest. Although great progress has been made in recent decades, much needs to be developed further in order to achieve economic viability. This paper reviews developments in technology and updates research progress of biosuccinate production, including pathways, microorganisms , culture conditions, as well as integrated production with other high-value-added products. Finally, strategies are proposed for successful commercialization of fermentative succinic acid production.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of Biobased Succinic Acid Production
2017
Biomass based succinic acid is gaining increasing interest as a potential platform chemical for replacing a large petroleum-based bulk chemical market. Biomass as a renewable resource has proved the economic and sustainable potential to produce succinic acid by fermentation method. Biobased succinic acid has yet faced with the challenge of becoming competitive with petrochemical method because of its higher production cost. To lower the production cost, extensive research efforts have been undertaken in upstream technology that involves strain development via metabolic engineering, and downstream technology that aims to improve efficiency of purification method. Many research studies have focused on either one of two technological areas, with little interest on interaction between them. This present work integrates the processing steps from upstream and downstream technologies using a systematic approach and presents an optimal production pathway from a large number of possible process configurations. The development of such a process pathway involves selection of bioproducts, feedstock, pre-treatment technology, microorganism and product separation method. Performance criteria such as titre, rate, yield and minimum production cost, express the optimality of production pathway. Optimization study indicates that succinic acid seems to be the most promising bioproduct among all other bioproducts. Corn stover is the suitable feedstock to produce succinic acid. Based on the findings from optimization study, experimental work was performed with an aim of achieving better performance criteria than it is reported in literature. This work selected corn stover as feedstock, and a bacterium called, Basfia succiniciproducens for converting corn stover-derived glucose into succinic acid. To date, no deliberate experiment has been done on this bacterium to improve succinic acid production, despite its promising features. Highest succinic acid yield of 18 g/100g total
Biotechnology of succinic acid production and markets for derived industrial products
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1999
Succinic acid, derived from fermentation of agricultural carbohydrates, has a specialty chemical market in industries producing food and pharmaceutical products, surfactants and detergents, green solvents and biodegradable plastics, and ingredients to stimulate animal and plant growth. As a carbon-intermediate chemical, fermentation-derived succinate has the potential to supply over 2.7´10 8 kg industrial products/ year including: 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, c-butyrolactone, adipic acid, n-methylpyrrolidone and linear aliphatic esters. Succinate yields as high as 110 g/l have been achieved from glucose by the newly discovered rumen organism Actinobacillus succinogenes. Succinate fermentation is a novel process because the greenhouse gas CO 2 is ®xed into succinate during glucose fermentation. New developments in end-product recovery technology, including water-splitting electrodialysis and liquid/liquid extraction have lowered the cost of succinic acid production to U.
Downstream processing of biotechnological produced succinic acid
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012
Succinic acid is a promising chemical which has a wide range of applications and can be biologically produced. The separation of succinic acid from fermentation broth makes more than 50 % of the total costs in their microbial production. This review summarizes the present state of methods studied for the recovery and purification of biologically produced succinate. Previous studies on the separation of succinic acid primarily include direct crystallization, precipitation, membrane separation, extraction, chromatography, and in situ separation. No single method has proved to be simple and efficient, and improvements are especially needed with regard to yield, purity, and energy consumption. It is argued that separation technologies coupled with upstream technology, in situ product removal, and biorefining strategy deserve more attentions in the future.
Production of succinic acid by bacterial fermentation
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006
Succinic acid produced by various microorganisms can be used as a precursor of many industrially important chemicals in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The assessment of raw material cost and the estimation of the potential market size clearly indicate that the current petroleum-based succinic acid process will be replaced by the fermentative succinic acid production system in the foreseeable future. This paper reviews processes for fermentative succinic acid production, especially focusing on the use of several promising succinic acid producers including Actinobacillus succinogenes, Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, Mannheimia succiniciproducens and recombinant Escherichia coli. Processes for the recovery of succinic acid from fermentation broth are also reviewed briefly. Finally, we suggest further works required to improve the strain performance suitable for successful commercialization of fermentative succinic acid production.
Biotechnology Progress, 2007
Succinic acid (SA) is an important platform molecule in the synthesis of a number of commodity and specialty chemicals. In the present work, dual-phase batch fermentations with the E. coli strain AFP184 were performed using a medium suited for large-scale industrial production of SA. The ability of the strain to ferment different sugars was investigated. The sugars studied were sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, and equal mixtures of glucose and fructose and glucose and xylose at a total initial sugar concentration of 100 g L−1. AFP184 was able to utilize all sugars and sugar combinations except sucrose for biomass generation and succinate production. For sucrose as a substrate no succinic acid was produced and none of the sucrose was metabolized. The succinic acid yield from glucose (0.83 g succinic acid per gram glucose consumed anaerobically) was higher than the yield from fructose (0.66 g g−1). When using xylose as a carbon source, a yield of 0.50 g g−1 was obtained. In the mixed-sugar fermentations no catabolite repression was detected. Mixtures of glucose and xylose resulted in higher yields (0.60 g g−1) than use of xylose alone. Fermenting glucose mixed with fructose gave a lower yield (0.58 g g−1) than fructose used as the sole carbon source. The reason is an increased pyruvate production. The pyruvate concentration decreased later in the fermentation. Final succinic acid concentrations were in the range of 25–40 g L−1. Acetic and pyruvic acid were the only other products detected and accumulated to concentrations of 2.7–6.7 and 0–2.7 g L−1. Production of succinic acid decreased when organic acid concentrations reached approximately 30 g L−1. This study demonstrates that E. coli strain AFP184 is able to produce succinic acid in a low cost medium from a variety of sugars with only small amounts of byproducts formed.
Bio-oil based biorefinery strategy for the production of succinic acid
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2013
Background: Succinic acid is one of the key platform chemicals which can be produced via biotechnology process instead of petrochemical process. Biomass derived bio-oil have been investigated intensively as an alternative of diesel and gasoline fuels. Bio-oil could be fractionized into organic phase and aqueous phase parts. The organic phase bio-oil can be easily upgraded to transport fuel. The aqueous phase bio-oil (AP-bio-oil) is of low value. There is no report for its usage or upgrading via biological methods. In this paper, the use of AP-bio-oil for the production of succinic acid was investigated. Results: The transgenic E. coli strain could grow in modified M9 medium containing 20 v/v% AP-bio-oil with an increase in OD from 0.25 to 1.09. And 0.38 g/L succinic acid was produced. With the presence of 4 g/L glucose in the medium, succinic acid concentration increased from 1.4 to 2.4 g/L by addition of 20 v/v% AP-bio-oil. When enzymatic hydrolysate of corn stover was used as carbon source, 10.3 g/L succinic acid was produced. The obtained succinic acid concentration increased to 11.5 g/L when 12.5 v/v% AP-bio-oil was added. However, it decreased to 8 g/L when 50 v/v% AP-bio-oil was added. GC-MS analysis revealed that some low molecular carbon compounds in the AP-bio-oil were utilized by E. coli.
Anaerobe, 2006
We report the effect of different physiological and nutritional parameters on succinic acid production from Bacteroides fragilis. This strain initially produced 0.70 g L À1 of succinic acid in 60 h. However, when process optimization was employed, 5.4 g L À1 of succinic acid was produced in medium consisting of glucose (1.5%); tryptone (2.5%); Na 2 CO 3 (1.5%), at pH 7.0, when inoculated with 4% inoculum and incubated at 37 1C, 100 rpm for 48 h. A marked enhancement in succinic acid production was observed when the optimized conditions were employed in a 10 L bioreactor. A total of 12.5 g L À1 of succinic acid was produced in 30 h. This is approximately 12-fold increase in succinic acid production when compared to the initial un-optimized medium production. This enhancement in succinic acid production may be due to the control of CO 2 supply and the impeller speed. This is also resulted in the reduction of the production time. The present study provides useful information to the industrialists seeking environmentally benign technology for the production of bulk biomolecules through manipulation of various chemical parameters.
Energy & Environmental Science, 2011
In this manuscript, the possibility of utilising seawater instead of fresh water and a synthetic mixture of minerals as alternative water and mineral sources in succinic acid (SA) fermentations was investigated. Seawater tolerance experiments demonstrated that the specific growth rate of Actinobacillus succinogenes was only slightly affected when more than 60% synthetic seawater was used, but no major significant inhibition of cell growth and SA production were observed even when fresh water was replaced by 100% synthetic seawater. The possibility of replacing a semi-defined medium with fresh water by wheat-derived media with natural seawater was carried out sequentially. Results showed that besides the usage as a water source, seawater also can be used as a mineral supplement to the wheat-derived media, forming a nutrient-complete medium for succinic acid production. In a fermentation using only wheat-derived medium and natural seawater, 49 g L À1 succinic acid was produced with a yield of 0.94 g per g and a productivity of 1.12 g L À1 h À1 . Interestingly, compounds present in seawater had a major effect on rates of reactions of a range of transformations of SA including esterifications and amidations in comparison with reactions run under similar conditions using distilled water. While salts and related compounds improved the rates of reaction in the amidation of SA compared to plain water, a significant reduction in activity and catalyst deactivation was found in the esterifications of SA using StarbonÒ acids as catalysts.
Production of Succinic Acid Through Anaerobic Screening of Related Microbial Strain
2000
Fermentation derived succinic acid is an economic process for supplying the existing succinic acid especially in chemical market. Production of succinic acid by fermentation can generate significant new markets for agricultural carbohydrates. The present work was undertaken with the objective to investigate a novel and simple fermentation process of succinic acid production at low cost from the renewable sources. Out of one hundred and two DBRL; isolates which are used in the study, only five strains gives positive results under both aerobic and anaerobic condition for succinic acid production. When these one hundred and two isolates were tested in indicator medium without CaCO only nineteen strains gives positive results under anaerobic 3 condition. However, only eighteen strains showed positive results with CaCO under same condition and only 3 five strains showed positive results with and without CaCO under anaerobic condition. From the present study 3