Inhibitory effects of aqueous extract prepared from joint part of lotus root on -amylase and -glucosidase activities (original) (raw)
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The Scientific World Journal, 2012
We hypothesized that some medicinal herbs and food plants commonly used in the management of diabetes can reduce glucose peaks by inhibiting key carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. To this effect, extracts ofAntidesma madagascariense(AM),Erythroxylum macrocarpum(EM),Pittosporum senacia(PS), andFaujasiopsis flexuosa(FF),Momordica charantia(MC), andOcimum tenuiflorum(OT) were evaluated for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects based on starch-iodine colour changes and PNP-G as substrate, respectively. Only FF and AM extracts/fractions were found to inhibit α-amylase activity significantly (P<0.05) and coparable to the drug acarbose. Amylase bioassay on isolated mouse plasma confirmed the inhibitory potential of AM and FF extracts with the ethyl acetate fraction of FF being more potent (P<0.05) than acarbose. Extracts/fractions of AM and MC were found to inhibit significantly (P<0.05) α-glucosidase activity, with IC50comparable to the drug 1-deoxynojirimycin.In vivostud...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013
In the present study various extracts of ten medicinal plants, collected in Iran, were examined for αglucosidase and α-amylase inhibition using an in vitro model. Also total phenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were investigated. Various extracts of the plants (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crataegus oxyacantha, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Morus alba, Portulaca oleracea, Rubus fruticosus, Syzygium aromaticum, Teucrium polium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Vaccinium arctostaphylos) were prepared using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Methanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of S. aromaticum exerted high in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC 50 ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 and 36.2 to 41.9 µg/ml, respectively. The mentioned extracts possessed the highest total phenolic contents (139.8, 119.6 and 136.1 mg GAE/g of extract). The antioxidant activities of the extracts, measured in terms of IC 50 values were 2.2, 3.9 and 0.7 µg/ml, respectively. C. zeylanicum was another traditionally used medicinal plant, which its extracts exhibited high hypoglycaemic effect by inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC 50 ranged from 0.5 to 8.7 and 37.1 to 52.5 µg/ml, respectively). The obtained results support the traditionally use of a number of the analyzed species.
Phytotherapy Research, 2013
Pomegranate has been documented for the management of diabetes in Unani and Chinese medicine. This study compared the effects of the extracts of different pomegranate parts, including juice, peels, seeds and flowers, on carbohydrate digestive enzymes (a-amylase and a-glucosidase) in vitro. The methanolic flower extract inhibited a-amylase and a-glucosidase, while the methanolic peel extract inhibited a-glucosidase selectively. The most active flower extract was subjected to water-ethyl acetate partition. The ethyl acetate fraction was more potent than the water fraction in inhibiting both enzymes. Gallic acid and ellagic acid also showed selective inhibition against a-glucosidase, and their presence in the ethyl acetate fraction was confirmed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-HESI-MS. Our findings suggest that the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and their phenolic content may contribute to the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of pomegranate flower and peel, and support their claims in diabetes.
Current Nutrition & Food Science, 2012
Aqueous extracts of different seasonal as well as less popular but edible indigenous fruits of West Bengal, India were studied for their-glucosidase and-amylase inhibitory properties. Of the 22 different species of fruits, sixteen fruits inhibited both the carbohydrate digesting enzymes. Concentrations of the extracts are presented as fresh weight of fruit used to make extract / ml. Very high-amylase (IC 50 value = 5.0 g/ml) and-glucosidase (IC 50 value = 9.0 g/ml) inhibitory activity was shown by extracts of Phoenix sylvestris. Achras sapota also showed high-amylase (IC 50 value = 53.0 g/ml) and-glucosidase (IC 50 value = 56.0 g/ml) inhibitory activities. During the present study, no correlation could be established between total phenol / flavonoid content and-amylase /-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Unweighted pair-group average (UPGA) dendrogram showing interrelationships between the investigated species shows that the fruits can be grouped into two high level clusters. The cluster I brought together Borassus flabellifer and Physalis peruviana having very low-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The cluster II included fruits with moderate to highglucosidase inhibitory activity.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012
Background Traditional Indian and Australian medicinal plant extracts were investigated to determine their therapeutic potential to inhibit key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, which has relevance to the management of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant activities were also assessed. Methods The evaluation of enzyme inhibitory activity of seven Australian aboriginal medicinal plants and five Indian Ayurvedic plants was carried out against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring (i) the scavenging effect of plant extracts against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and (ii) ferric reducing power. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were also determined. Results Of the twelve plant extracts evaluated, the highest inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was exerted by Santalum spicatum and Pterocarpus marsupium with IC50 values of ...
Journal of medicinal plant research
In the present study various extracts of ten medicinal plants, collected in Iran, were examined for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition using an in vitro model. Also total phenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were investigated. Various extracts of the plants (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crataegus oxyacantha, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Morus alba, Portulaca oleracea, Rubus fruticosus, Syzygium aromaticum, Teucrium polium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Vaccinium arctostaphylos) were prepared using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Methanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of S. aromaticum exerted high in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 and 36.2 to 41.9 µg/ml, respectively. The mentioned extracts possessed the highest total phenolic contents (139.8, 119.6 and 136.1 mg GAE/g of extract). The antioxidant activities of the extracts, measured in terms of IC50 values were 2.2, 3.9 ...
Applied Sciences
Acid cactus fruits “xoconostle” have been used since the pre-Columbian period as a treatment against diverse diseases. In this study, bioactive compounds (phenols and flavonoids) and the in vitro inhibition effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. Four different extracts of cactus acid fruits were prepared from (1) endocarp, (2) mesocarp, (3) pericarp and (4) whole fruit (WFE). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between extracts. Pericarp extracts had 2.23 ± 0.01 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram GAE/g of phenol content and 0.84 ± 0.14 mg quercetin equivalents per gram QE/g flavonoid content, while WFE presented 1.52 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g and 0.84 ± 0.14 mg QE/g; however, the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were higher with WFE. It was found by using 25 mg/mL of WFE an α-amylase inhibition of 63. ± 1.53% and with 30 mg/mL of WFE an α-glucosidase inhibition of 46.5 ± 1.45% after simulated intestinal conditions. The WFE could be used as...
Effect of Natural Products on Some Glycosidases and Their Expected Hypoglycemic Potential
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2015
: It is to screen many natural product extracts for their in vitro and in vivo effects on the activities of hepatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase to validate their biological importance. Study Design: Different groups of non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated by different plants for the in vivo study of glycosidases. In vitro effect of the plants on the tested enzymes was studied in presence and absence of their aqueous extract. Place and Duration of Study: Methodology: Enzymes were extracted from the livers of normal rats, also the natural products extracts were prepared for the in vitro studies. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase assays were done in the presence and absence of each plant extract. For the in vivo studies, normal non-diabetic rats were divided into groups, whereas the first group is a control that includes rats fed on normal food diet. The other groups include rats fed on normal food diet mixed with the tested plant leaves (20 IJBCRR, 5(2): 95-106, 2015; Article no.IJBCRR.2015.012 96 mg/g body weight/day) Diabetes was induced in diabetic rats by single intraperitonial injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were divided into groups and treated like the non-diabetic rats. Results: Only Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare extracts showed a significant in vitro dosedependent inhibition on α-amylase with IC 50 values of 0.2±0.01 and 0.37±0.03mg/ml, respectively. However, the in vivo effect was not detected for four weeks treatment for the two enzymes. The in vitro treatment of α-amylase by Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare extracts exhibited a mixedtype inhibition. Moreover, the in vivo inhibition of both extracts on the tested hepatic enzymes was not detected in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed on Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare for four weeks. Blood sugar level was non-significantly decreased with respect to that of nontreated rats. Conclusion: some non anti-diabetic plant extracts possess an in vitro inhibition of glycosidases.
Potent α-amylase inhibitory activity of Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plants
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011
Background: Indian medicinal plants used in the Ayurvedic traditional system to treat diabetes are a valuable source of novel anti-diabetic agents. Pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower the levels of post-prandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown. In this study, seventeen Indian medicinal plants with known hypoglycemic properties were subjected to sequential solvent extraction and tested for α-amylase inhibition, in order to assess and evaluate their inhibitory potential on PPA (porcine pancreatic α-amylase). Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the lead extracts was performed in order to determine the probable constituents. Methods: Analysis of the 126 extracts, obtained from 17 plants (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Adansonia digitata L., Allium sativum L., Casia fistula L., Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., Cinnamomum verum Persl., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt., Linum usitatisumum L., Mangifera indica L., Morus alba L., Nerium oleander L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Piper nigrum L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers., Trigonella foenum-graceum L., Zingiber officinale Rosc.) for PPA inhibition was initially performed qualitatively by starch-iodine colour assay. The lead extracts were further quantified with respect to PPA inhibition using the chromogenic DNSA (3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid) method. Phytochemical constituents of the extracts exhibiting≥ 50% inhibition were analysed qualitatively as well as by GC-MS (Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry).