In Vitro Inhibition of Key Enzymes Related to Diabetes by the Aqueous Extracts of Some Fruits of West Bengal, India (original) (raw)
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Applied Sciences
Acid cactus fruits “xoconostle” have been used since the pre-Columbian period as a treatment against diverse diseases. In this study, bioactive compounds (phenols and flavonoids) and the in vitro inhibition effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. Four different extracts of cactus acid fruits were prepared from (1) endocarp, (2) mesocarp, (3) pericarp and (4) whole fruit (WFE). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between extracts. Pericarp extracts had 2.23 ± 0.01 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram GAE/g of phenol content and 0.84 ± 0.14 mg quercetin equivalents per gram QE/g flavonoid content, while WFE presented 1.52 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g and 0.84 ± 0.14 mg QE/g; however, the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were higher with WFE. It was found by using 25 mg/mL of WFE an α-amylase inhibition of 63. ± 1.53% and with 30 mg/mL of WFE an α-glucosidase inhibition of 46.5 ± 1.45% after simulated intestinal conditions. The WFE could be used as...
Antidiabetic Indian plants: a good source of potent amylase inhibitors
Evidence-Based …, 2008
Diabetes is known as a multifactorial disease. The treatment of diabetes (Type II) is complicated due to the inherent pathophysiological factors related to this disease. One of the complications of diabetes is post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). Glucosidase inhibitors, particularly α-amylase inhibitors are a class of compounds that helps in managing PPHG. Six ethnobotanically known plants having antidiabetic property namely, Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss.; Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel; Ocimum tenuflorum (L.) (syn: Sanctum); Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (syn: Eugenia jambolana); Linum usitatissimum (L.) and Bougainvillea spectabilis were tested for their ability to inhibit glucosidase activity. The chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts were prepared sequentially from either leaves or seeds of these plants. It was observed that the chloroform extract of O. tenuflorum; B. spectabilis; M. koenigii and S. cumini have significant α-amylase inhibitory property. Plants extracts were further tested against murine pancreatic, liver and small intestinal crude enzyme preparations for glucosidase inhibitory activity. The three extracts of O. tenuflorum and chloroform extract of M. koenigi showed good inhibition of murine pancreatic and intestinal glucosidases as compared with acarbose, a known glucosidase inhibitor.
Phytotherapy Research, 2013
Pomegranate has been documented for the management of diabetes in Unani and Chinese medicine. This study compared the effects of the extracts of different pomegranate parts, including juice, peels, seeds and flowers, on carbohydrate digestive enzymes (a-amylase and a-glucosidase) in vitro. The methanolic flower extract inhibited a-amylase and a-glucosidase, while the methanolic peel extract inhibited a-glucosidase selectively. The most active flower extract was subjected to water-ethyl acetate partition. The ethyl acetate fraction was more potent than the water fraction in inhibiting both enzymes. Gallic acid and ellagic acid also showed selective inhibition against a-glucosidase, and their presence in the ethyl acetate fraction was confirmed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-HESI-MS. Our findings suggest that the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and their phenolic content may contribute to the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of pomegranate flower and peel, and support their claims in diabetes.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013
In the present study various extracts of ten medicinal plants, collected in Iran, were examined for αglucosidase and α-amylase inhibition using an in vitro model. Also total phenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were investigated. Various extracts of the plants (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crataegus oxyacantha, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Morus alba, Portulaca oleracea, Rubus fruticosus, Syzygium aromaticum, Teucrium polium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Vaccinium arctostaphylos) were prepared using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Methanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of S. aromaticum exerted high in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC 50 ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 and 36.2 to 41.9 µg/ml, respectively. The mentioned extracts possessed the highest total phenolic contents (139.8, 119.6 and 136.1 mg GAE/g of extract). The antioxidant activities of the extracts, measured in terms of IC 50 values were 2.2, 3.9 and 0.7 µg/ml, respectively. C. zeylanicum was another traditionally used medicinal plant, which its extracts exhibited high hypoglycaemic effect by inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC 50 ranged from 0.5 to 8.7 and 37.1 to 52.5 µg/ml, respectively). The obtained results support the traditionally use of a number of the analyzed species.
2012
Postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor contributing to cardiovascular compli- cations in type 2 diabetes, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase, the key enzymes in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, are recognized to be responsible for the postprandial elevation of blood glucose levels, and the inhibition of these enzymes is therefore considered to be effective to prevent the emergence of postprandial hyperglycemia. Then, the aqueous extracts were prepared from both edible and joint parts of lotus root (a rhizome of Nelumbo nucifera), and the inhibitory effects of these extracts on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were examined. Consequently, the joint part extract, but not the edible part extract, was shown to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a different manner. Therefore, it seems conceivable that the aqueous extract prepared from the joint part of lotus root inhibits both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, thereby effectively preventing the postprandial elevate-o...
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 10(4): 134-141, 2019
The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and in-vitro substantiation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory activity of the fruits of Ficus auriculata Lour. The fruits were first extracted with methanol: water (4:1) and the extract obtained was fractionated using n-butanol (BuOH), ethylacetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water (Aqueous). All the four fractions were phytochemically screened for presence of various phytochemical groups. Different concentrations (50- 500 g/mL) of fractions were subjected to α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay and percentage inhibition as well as IC50 values were calculated. Phytochemical screening indicated highest number of different phytochemicals in the methanol fraction followed by EtOAc and aqueous fractions. All fractions exhibited inhibitory action against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in a concentration dependant manner. The BuOH, EtOAc, MeOH and aqueous fractions recorded 58.39, 78.98, 91.45, and 75.25 % inhibitory activities against α-amylase and 66.37, 84.66, 97.75, and 79.55 % against α-glucosidase at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, which is the highest among all tested doses. Among all, methanol fraction recorded the maximum α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 161.73±0.43 and 103.43±0.67 g/mL respectively comparable with that of acarbose (155.08±1.75 and 95.63±1.71 g/mL). The results have evidently shown F. auriculata fruits as potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor. The enzyme inhibitory potentiality of the specific fraction of F. auriculata fruits could be beneficially exploited in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, characterization of specific phytoconstituents responsible for the activity as well as in vivo studies is needed for further confirmation.
Phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-amylase activities were studied in the ethanolic extract of five available Bangladeshi fruits. The fruits were Averrhoa bilimbi (Bilimbi), Artocarpus lacucha (Monkey jack), Cucumis melo (Mask melon), Phoenix sylvestris (Wild date palm) and Flacourita jangomas (Indian plum). P. sylvestris had the highest total phenolic content (37.40 ± 1.72 mg GAE/10 g of extract), whereas C. melo had the lowest (6.02 ± 0.89 mg GAE/10 g of extract). All the fruits showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity with the IC 50 values for P. sylvestris, A. lacucha, F. jangomas, C. melo and A. bilimbi were 1.90 µg/ml, 0.798 mg/ml, 1.144 mg/ml, 1.695 mg/ml and 3.683 mg/ml respectively. Highest level of reducing activity was found in P. sylvestris (O.D. 0.933 ± 0.02) and reducing power activity was lowest in A. bilimbi (O.D. 0.249 ± 0.01) at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml. But all the fruits showed a dose-dependent increase in reducing power. The fruit extracts showed very weak inhibition of α-amylase activity. But highest activity found in case of P. sylvestris was 11.88 ± 3.69% and the lowest activity found for F. jangomas was 3.33 ± 0.64%. Considering the data, it can be concluded that among the five fruits P. sylvestris is the most health beneficiary. Although there are some published articles on the phenolic content and antioxidative activities of these fruits separately from their methanolic extract
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2019; 5(S1):42-47, 2019
Abstract Background: Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) has been proposed as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, control of PPHG is suggested to be important in the management of diabetes mellitus and related secondary complications. Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes can be an important antidiabetic approach for reducing PPHG in type 2 diabetes melletus. Acarbose, voglibose and miglitol are the typical examples of inhibitors used in the clinical practice. However, these drugs have major drawbacks. Hence the purpose of the present study is to explore natural and safer α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Feronia elephantum fruit and Paspalum scrobiculatum grains. Materials and methods: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Feronia elephantum fruit and Paspalum scrobiculatum grains were assayed by using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. Results: All the extracts exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity against and α-glucosidase enzymes. The α-amylase IC values 50 of methanolic and aqueous extracts of F.elephantum fruit and P.scrobiculatum grains were 119.698, 167.505, 82.107 and 149.886μg/mL respectively which were comparable to that of standard drug acarbose, 109.722μg/mL. The α- glucosidase IC values of methanolic and aqueous extracts of fruit and grains were 50 F.elephantum P.scrobiculatum 66.738, 84.548, 47.297 and 118.351μg/mL respectively, with Acarbose showing an IC of 52.645μg/ml. 50 Conclusions: Findings of in vitro antidiabetic assay clearly indicate that F.elephantum fruit and P.scrobiculatum grains possesses considerable inhibitory activity against α-amylases and α-glucosidases, and can be of potential use in diabetic patients
Journal of medicinal plant research
In the present study various extracts of ten medicinal plants, collected in Iran, were examined for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition using an in vitro model. Also total phenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were investigated. Various extracts of the plants (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crataegus oxyacantha, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Morus alba, Portulaca oleracea, Rubus fruticosus, Syzygium aromaticum, Teucrium polium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Vaccinium arctostaphylos) were prepared using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Methanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of S. aromaticum exerted high in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 and 36.2 to 41.9 µg/ml, respectively. The mentioned extracts possessed the highest total phenolic contents (139.8, 119.6 and 136.1 mg GAE/g of extract). The antioxidant activities of the extracts, measured in terms of IC50 values were 2.2, 3.9 ...
Effect of Natural Products on Some Glycosidases and Their Expected Hypoglycemic Potential
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review, 2015
: It is to screen many natural product extracts for their in vitro and in vivo effects on the activities of hepatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase to validate their biological importance. Study Design: Different groups of non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated by different plants for the in vivo study of glycosidases. In vitro effect of the plants on the tested enzymes was studied in presence and absence of their aqueous extract. Place and Duration of Study: Methodology: Enzymes were extracted from the livers of normal rats, also the natural products extracts were prepared for the in vitro studies. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase assays were done in the presence and absence of each plant extract. For the in vivo studies, normal non-diabetic rats were divided into groups, whereas the first group is a control that includes rats fed on normal food diet. The other groups include rats fed on normal food diet mixed with the tested plant leaves (20 IJBCRR, 5(2): 95-106, 2015; Article no.IJBCRR.2015.012 96 mg/g body weight/day) Diabetes was induced in diabetic rats by single intraperitonial injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were divided into groups and treated like the non-diabetic rats. Results: Only Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare extracts showed a significant in vitro dosedependent inhibition on α-amylase with IC 50 values of 0.2±0.01 and 0.37±0.03mg/ml, respectively. However, the in vivo effect was not detected for four weeks treatment for the two enzymes. The in vitro treatment of α-amylase by Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare extracts exhibited a mixedtype inhibition. Moreover, the in vivo inhibition of both extracts on the tested hepatic enzymes was not detected in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed on Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare for four weeks. Blood sugar level was non-significantly decreased with respect to that of nontreated rats. Conclusion: some non anti-diabetic plant extracts possess an in vitro inhibition of glycosidases.