Effects of n-butanol fraction of Gongronema latifolium leave extract on some biochemical parameters in CCl 4 - induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats (original) (raw)
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2014
Effects of n-butanol fraction of Gongronema latifolium leave extract on some liver function and histological parameters in CCl 4-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats were assessed. Fifty-four (54) Wistar albino rats were divided into treatment group and LD 50 groups. Group A (normal control) was given feed and water, Group B (vehicle control) was injected with olive oil intraperitoneally, while the rest groups (C, D, E, F and G) were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CCl 4 (148 mg/kg) as a 1:1 (v/v) solution in olive oil and all the animals were fasted for 36 hours. This was repeated once every week for a period of four (4) weeks. At the end of 28 days of treatment, liver marker enzymes studies showed that there was significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin concentrations in CCl 4-induced control group when compared with the normal control and induced treated groups but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference of these liver marker enzymes and bilirubin levels between the normal control and induced treated groups. Antioxidant assay on the liver homogenate showed that there was significant (p<0.05) decrease in SOD, CAT, GPx and a significant increase (p<0.05) in MDA of CCl 4-induced control rats when compared to the normal control rats but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the normal control and induced treated groups. These findings suggested that n-butanol fraction of methanolic leave extract of G. latifolium may have anti-hepatotoxic and antioxidative effects against CCl 4-induced liver damage in rats.
Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2016
All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to Ethical Committee on the Use and Care of Animals of Al-Hikmah University Ilorin and approved by Ethical Committee. The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Objective: To investigate the effect of leaf aqueous extract from Gongronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on CCl 4 induced-oxidative stress in Wistar rat. This effect was assessed by measuring liver marker enzymes activity, analyzing the antioxidant parameters, lipid profile estimation and lipid peroxidation by-product following CCl 4 induced-oxidative stress. Methods: Milled G. latifolium leaves were subjected to aqueous extraction and the filtrate was evaporated between 40-60 °C under reduced pressure and a calculated volume of the leaf extract was administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Thirty-five rats were grouped into seven groups of 5 animals each namely; control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with 2.0 mL/kg body weight CCl 4 , 25 mg/kg body weight/ day silymarin (a standard hepatoprotective antioxidant), 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of G. latifolium leaves were administered to the CCl 4 treated rats for 21 days. Results: Administration of the extract and silymarin increase significantly (P < 0.05) in liver marker enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) activities in serum, liver and kidney in the treated groups when compared with untreated groups. The antioxidant parameters (catalase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in animals treated with the extract and silymarin in comparison with untreated groups. CCl 4 induced oxidative stress mediated variations in total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were restored significantly (P < 0.05) by the extract. Conclusions: The result obtained from this study indicated the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic potentials of the aqueous extract of G. latifolium leaves.
Hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Carissa opaca leaves on CCl4-induced damage in rat
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011
Background: Carissa opaca (Apocynaceae) leaves possess antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects, and so may provide a possible therapeutic alternative in hepatic disorders. The effect produced by methanolic extract of Carissa opaca leaves (MCL) was investigated on CCl 4-induced liver damages in rat. Methods: 30 rats were divided into five groups of six animals of each, having free access to food and water ad libitum. Group I (control) was given olive oil and DMSO, while group II, III and IV were injected intraperitoneally with CCl 4 (0.5 ml/kg) as a 20% (v/v) solution in olive oil twice a week for 8 weeks. Animals of group II received only CCl 4. Rats of group III were given MCL intragastrically at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw while that of group IV received silymarin at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw twice a week for 8 weeks. However, animals of group V received MCL only at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw twice a week for 8 weeks. The activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) were determined in serum. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSR) and quinone reductase (QR) activity was measured in liver homogenates. Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) concentration was also assessed in liver homogenates. Phytochemicals in MCL were determined through qualitative and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results: Hepatotoxicity induced with CCl 4 was evidenced by significant increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and H 2 O 2 level, serum activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and γ-GT. Level of GSH determined in liver was significantly reduced, as were the activities of antioxidant enzymes; CAT, POD, SOD, GSH-Px, GSR, GST and QR. On cirrhotic animals treated with CCl 4 , histological studies showed centrilobular necrosis and infiltration of lymphocytes. MCL (200 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) co-treatment prevented all the changes observed with CCl 4-treated rats. The phytochemical analysis of MCL indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phlobatannins, terpenoids, coumarins, anthraquinones, and cardiac glycosides. Isoquercetin, hyperoside, vitexin, myricetin and kaempherol was determined in MCL. Conclusion: These results indicate that MCL has a significant protective effect against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in rat, which may be due to its antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties.
2020
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is considered to be a medicinal mushroom and it is widely used as anti-oxidants to prevent or treat of different types of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease and renal dysfunction. This study aimed to indicate whether G. lucidum could attenuate oxidative stress and prevent Hepatorenal damage. CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress in adult male of Sprague-Dawley rats (about 8-weeks old, 200-220g weight). Adult rats were randomly divided into four equal groups A, B, C and D. Group A was determined as a control one, group B received daily oral dose of Ganoderma Extract, (600 mg/kg/bw) for 12 weeks, while groups C and D received 0.1ml\100g b.w. of CCl4 (50% in olive oil) via the intraperitoneal route twice a week for 12 weeks, followed by daily oral dose of GAN extract, (600 mg/kg/bw). Blood samples were later collected for biochemical analysis. Liver and Renal Function Tests, such as ALT (alanine transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase), uric acid, creatinine and urea were determined. The current study is also determined the antioxidant enzyme activity, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and H2O2 induced by CCl4. The results demonstrated that G. lucidum can significantly prevent the CCl4 induced liver and kidney damage.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, 2003
This study was designed to investigate the effects Nigella sativa L. (NS) and Urtica dioica L. (UD) on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and some liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-treated rats. A total of 60 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized in this study. The rats were randomly allotted into one of four experimental groups: A (CCl 4-only treated), B (CCl 4 + UD treated), C (CCl 4 + NS treated) and D (CCl 4 + UD + NS treated), each containing 15 animals. All groups received CCl 4 [0.8 ml/kg of body weight, subcutaneously, twice a week for 90 days starting day 1]. In addition, B, C and D groups also received daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 ml/kg NS or/and 2 ml/kg UD oils for 45 days starting day 46. Group A, on the other hand, received only 2 ml/kg normal saline solution for 45 days starting day 46. Blood samples for the biochemical analysis were taken by cardiac puncture from five randomly chosen rats in each treatment group at beginning, at 45th and at 90th day of the experiment. The CCl 4 treatment for 45 days increased the lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes, and also decreased the antioxidant enzyme levels. NS or UD treatments (alone or combination) for 45 days starting day 46 decreased the elevated lipid peroxidation and liver enzyme levels and also increased the reduced antioxidant enzyme levels. Live weights of the rats decreased in group A, and increased in groups B, C and D. It is concluded that NS and UD decrease the lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes, and increase the antioxidant defence system activity in the CCl 4-treated rats.
Hepatoprotective effect of herbal drug on CCl(4) induced liver damage
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013
Herbs have been a huge source of natural substances used to treat and prevent several illnesses; therefore it is vital to identify the probable toxicity that might take place as a consequence of using herbal combinations. This study was undertaken in rabbits to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of herbal drug in normal and CCl 4induced hepatic damage. Herbal drug was tested in 3 different doses, each group comprising of seven rabbits of either sex followed by the administration of CCl 4 with herbal drug and saline for 45 days. Liver function tests and histopathological evaluation were carried out at the end of dosing using standards kits. The result shows that normal dose of herbal drug (0.43 ml/kg) possess hepatoprotective effects against CCl 4 induced liver damage in rabbits which may be due to the various active ingredients present in herbal drug combination. Present study also suggests that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-GT in animals kept on high dose of herbal drug (10 ml/kg); however studies on huge number of animals and humans are requisite before reaching to definite conclusion.
Journal of Food Science, 2011
The ethanol extract of Grewia tenax (GTE) fruit was tested for possible efficacy against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) induced liver toxicity in Wistar albino rats. GTE at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg were administered orally to CCl 4 -treated rats. Acute toxicity test and sleeping time determination were done with mice. The results showed that oral administration of GTE for 3 wk to rats significantly reduced the CCl 4 -induced elevated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, and triglycerides. Moreover, it was found that the treatment with GTE significantly elevated the hemoglobin level in serum and increased the nonprotein sulfhydryl and total protein contents in the liver tissue, and a significant diminution was observed in the CCl 4 -induced elevated levels of malondialdehyde in the liver tissue. The biochemical findings were supported by an evaluation with liver histopathology. Pentobarbital-induced prolongation of narcolepsy in mice was shortened significantly by the extract. The observed hepatoprotective effect is believed to occur due to antioxidant properties of the contents of G. tenax extract, which may provide a new drug to be used for fighting liver diseases and it validates its folkloric use in anemic and other conditions.
Amelioration of CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity by Oxalis corniculata in rat
Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 2013
CCl 4 induces oxidative stress in various tissues by altering antioxidant enzymes defense system. In this study we investigated the chemical composition and protective role of Oxalis corniculata methanol extract (OCME) on CCl 4-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phlobatannins and steroids was determined in OCME while tannins were absent. Total phenolic contents estimated were 7.76 ± 0.36 (mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) while total flavonoid contents recorded were 6.92 ± 0.52 (mg rutin equivalents/g extract). Intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4 (1 ml/kg b.w., 20% in olive oil) once a day for seven days caused nephrotoxicity as evident by elevated levels of urinary specific gravity, RBCs, WBCs, creatinine, protein, urobilinogen and nitrite. Serum level of creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen were significantly increased while protein and creatinine clearance was decreased by CCl 4 treatment in kidney samples. Activity of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione concentration was decreased whereas lipid peroxidation and protein contents were increased along with histopathological injuries. Treatment with OCME caused significant recovery in changed parameters. It could be concluded that OCME has a protective role against CCl 4-induced oxidative stress in rat, due to antioxidant effects of phenolics.
Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2012
The galls on Terminalia chebula Retz. (Family-Combretaceae) is a well-known herbal drug used to treat various diseases in Indian System of Traditional Medicine. The dried galls are widely commerce in the Indian market and substituted to galls of Pistacia integerrima Stew. Ex. Brandis. The present study aims to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of hexane (TCH), ethanol (TCE) and water extract (TCW) of the galls on T. chebula by employing photochemiluminescence and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that TCE and TCW significantly inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide and superoxide radical in dose dependent manner. Trent of phenol content was as: TCH < TCW < TCE. A significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of all extracts. The hepatoprotective effect was assayed in CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in a liver slice culture model. The results revealed that significant depletion was observed in lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and Glutathione reductase on administration of the TCE and TCW or ascorbic acid as standard in the CCl4induced cytotoxicity in the liver. TCE and TCW extracts of galls on T. chebula have prevented significant oxidative liver damage.
Background: Nymphaea lotus (NL) is an aquatic perennial plant used traditionally in the management of various liver diseases. In this study, the protective effect of methanol extract of NL against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats was investigated. Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned into six groups of five rats each. Group I received corn oil (0.5 mL p.o.) and served as control, group II received CCl 4 (1 mL/kg i.p., 1:3 in corn oil), group III received NL (200 mg/kg), and groups IV, V, and VI received CCl 4 + NL (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively) for 6 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, rats were bled and killed. Results: The activities of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and levels of total bilirubin (TB) in the serum, thiobarbituric acid reac-tive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver, and histopathology of the liver were determined using standard procedures. NL significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the levels of ALT, AST, and TB and exhibited antioxidant potentials in rats exposed to CCl 4 relative to the control values. Specifically, NL at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) increased CCl 4-induced decrease in hepatic GSH and GPx and also decreased the level of hepatic TBARS in CCl 4-intoxicated rats. Histopathological