Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste into The Fuel Oil (original) (raw)
Related papers
Energy Reports, 2019
The objective of this paper is to optimise the liquid product of pyrolysis from as much as 500 g of polypropylene (PP) plastic waste, using a fixed bed type reactor in a vacuum condition (−3 mm H 2 O), to minimise the oxygen entering the reactor. The vapour flows through the 4-tray distillation bubble cap plate column for fractionation by utilising heat from the reactor. Process conditions at 500-650 • C and of 580 • C optimum liquid oil yield is 88 wt.%, comprising of kerosene in tray I with a volume of 350 ml, gasoline in tray II and III with a volume of 228 ml, and tray IV had no condensate. Gas yield is 5 wt.% and the rest is char. At the conditions between 500 • C and 560 • C, gasoline yield in 6-67 wt.% comprises of kerosene and gasoline. However, at process conditions between 600 • C and 650 • C yields of 64-83 wt.% comprising of diesel oil was obtained at tray I and II, while kerosene and gasoline were obtained in the next tray. The characteristics of fuel obtained from plastic such as density, viscosity, octane-cetane number, ash content and calorific value have similar properties with those of fossil fuels.
Design of Pyrolysis Reactor for Waste Plastic Recycling
There is an increase in the production and consumption of plastics in day to day life. All plastics are disposed as waste after their usage. The need to intervene through proper disposal and management of waste plastics is very crucial. These call the use of thermal pyrolysis, which is a way of making these wastes to become very useful to us by recycling them to produce fuel oil. In this study, the pyrolysis reactor was design and manufactured for recycling of waste plastic into fuel working by the principle of thermal pyrolysis process. Three experiments are carried out to test the proper function of the reactor. It was found that about 84% of fuel obtained from one kilogram of plastic at temperature of 360°C. The feed stock that was used for the experiment was plastic wastes of polyethylene with different proportion LDPE and HDPE. The method feeding the feedstock to the reactor was by opining the top cover of the reactor for every batch. The reactor was heating externally using furnaces built for the purpose and at the outlet of reactor the condenser is attached to condense the vapors coming out of it. The reactor temperature was controlled by thermocouple sensor fixed inside the reactor and this sensor connected to an external PD controller. A separation procedure of fuel was employed by controlling the internal temperature of the reactor. Three types of fuel obtained from these experiments which are similar to gasoil, kerosene and diesel temperature range from 130°C-230°C, 230°C-270°C and 230°C and above respectively. The fuel obtained from the experiment tested and characterized in national petroleum supply enterprise laboratory and meet the physical and chemical characteristic of fuels for different applications.
Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Liquid Fuel Production
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2021
Due to rapid industrialization as well as increase in medical waste, plastic waste which is non-biodegradable is increasing day by day. Plastic waste management was found to be done by several methods such as plasma process, incineration and pyrolysis out of which catalytic pyrolysis was found to be most economical as it gives alternative for non-renewable sources of energy. Fuel oil can be produced from several raw materials such as biomass, plastic, tyres etc. here polypropylene was used as raw material due to its low melting point also it gives higher calorific value fuel oil. Batch reactor has certain drawbacks as compared to continuous rectors such as manpower requirement, char getting accumulated inside reactor, higher residence time, less pure oil, higher operating temperature etc. in this review various reactors used for pyrolysis have been discussed along with effect of parameters affecting the pyrolysis. Non-condensable gases can be used to heat reactor and minimize waste heat loss.
A Simple Distillation Process Produce Fuel from Plastic Waste using Incorporate Heat Source
International journal of advanced smart convergence
This paper is a study of a simple distillation process. Its objective is to compare fuel production from plastic waste, its data collecting is from the factory and simple data calculated a suitable evaluation on the simple distillation plant built before calculation. The experiment with a simple distillation process is separated into three sections. The first section is a simple distillation process of distillation producing diesel using heat source by biomass. The second section is distillation process which produces fuel using heat source by burner. The third section uses heat source by burner incorporate with biomass. The experiment reveals that the result of the second section is the most efficient. In comparison with the experiments and the simple calculation, the result on the efficiency of work has error less than 5% and it is sufficient for the next experimental process. Thus, the study and design on a simple distillation process produces fuel from plastic waste has to concern mainly on design heat exchangers, flow rate and optimized temperature. Further study on this plant can be developed throughout the county due to its low cost and efficiency.
Design and Fabrication of Extraction Of Fuel From Waste Plastic Using Pyrolysis
2018
There is an increase in the production and consumption of plastics as the day goes by. All plastics need to be disposed after their usefulness, as waste. The needs to manage this waste from plastic become more apparent. This leads to pyrolysis, which is a way of making to become very useful to us by recycling them to produce fuel oil. In this study, plastic wastes (polyethylene) were used for the pyrolysis to get fuel oil that has the same physical properties as the fuel used in aviation industry (JP-4). The experiment was carried out in such a way on, thermal pyrolysis (without the aid of a catalyst). Some of the plastics wastes that are suitable for pyrolysis are: HDPF (high density polyethylene). LDPF (low density polyethylene), polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, polyurethane, polyphenylene, polyvinyl chloride etc Pyrolysis runs without oxygen and in high temperature of about 430C.Thus the problems faced by the increasing in plastic waste...
EVALUATION OF PYROLYSIS OIL FROM PLASTIC AND SOLID WASTE BIOMASS
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2019
The main aim of this work was to design, fabricate and evaluate the performance of a small-scale solid waste pyrolysis waste converter reactor. The system’s main components were the furnace housing assembly, the reactor assembly, the piping system, the heat exchanger assembly (cooling condenser) and the collection system. The entire system is stainless steel due to its stability at high temperatures, with the reactor holding a capacity of 440.48 kg/weight of waste solids. After design and fabrication, the reactor equipment was subjected to extensive practical performance testing each waste plastic and other solid biomass feedstock three times. The furnace and reactor temperature were controlled at 200 ℃ to 700 ℃ depending on the feedstock for 2 hrs at a constant rate increase of 20 ℃. The results obtained with the equipment showed a functional experimental conversion efficiency of 83.6 %, waste reduction ef iciency of 86.6 %, and an oil recovery level of 845 ml/kg of waste.
Pyrolysis of plastic waste for liquid fuel production as prospective energy resource
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
The worldwide plastic generation expanded over years because of the variety applications of plastics in numerous sectors that caused the accumulation of plastic waste in the landfill. The growing of plastics demand definitely affected the petroleum resources availability as non-renewable fossil fuel since plastics were the petroleum-based material. A few options that have been considered for plastic waste management were recycling and energy recovery technique. Nevertheless, several obstacles of recycling technique such as the needs of sorting process that was labour intensive and water pollution that lessened the process sustainability. As a result, the plastic waste conversion into energy was developed through innovation advancement and extensive research. Since plastics were part of petroleum, the oil produced through the pyrolysis process was said to have high calorific value that could be used as an alternative fuel. This paper reviewed the thermal and catalytic degradation of plastics through pyrolysis process and the key factors that affected the final end product, for instance, oil, gaseous and char. Additionally, the liquid fuel properties and a discussion on several perspectives regarding the optimization of the liquid oil yield for every plastic were also included in this paper.
2020
A design that emphasizes simplicity and cost-effectiveness is applied to the plastic pyrolysis reaction system to produce liquid fuel. The reactor is fabricated from the waste refrigerant tank. The energy source for pyrolysis is generated by the combustion of biomass pellets. Forced convection by an electric blower is utilized to enhance the combustion efficiency and thus increase the heating rate with the overall average temperature at 412 °C. The coiled pipe is employed as a condenser system with water as its cooling media. The quantity of liquid product is measured for a different mass of PET-type plastic waste feed, with a maximum value of 17.7% w/w of feed mass is obtained. The physical characteristic of the liquid product is then analyzed using standard methods. It is found that its characteristics have approached the specification of commercial liquid fuel in the domestic market, with a liquid specific gravity of 0.776 and a heating value of 46 MJ/kg.
Oil Production by Pyrolysis of Real Plastic Waste
Polymers, 2022
The aim of this paper is for the production of oils processed in refineries to come from the pyrolysis of real waste from the high plastic content rejected by the recycling industry of the Basque Country (Spain). Concretely, the rejected waste streams were collected from (1) a light packaging waste sorting plant, (2) the paper recycling industry, and (3) a waste treatment plant of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The influence of pre-treatments (mechanical separation operations) and temperature on the yield and quality of the liquid fraction were evaluated. In order to study the pre-treatment effect, the samples were pyrolyzed at 460 °C for 1 h. As pre-treatments concentrate on the suitable fraction for pyrolysis and reduce the undesirable materials (metals, PVC, PET, inorganics, cellulosic materials), they improve the yield to liquid products and considerably reduce the halogen content. The sample with the highest polyolefin content achieved the highest liquid yield (70....
Pyrolysis process to produce fuel from different types of plastic – a review
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
Fast exhaustion of oil resources and increase in energy demand have focused the researchers to find alternate ways to produce high quality oils that could replace fossil fuels. The idea of waste to energy recovery is one of the promising techniques for managing the waste plastic. Waste plastics are attractive for energy conversion because of their high heat of combustion and bulk availability. Exponential rate of increase in plastic production happens in every year due to the wide range of plastic appliances in domestic as well as industrial purposes. The drastic increase in the plastics production naturally lead to large amount of plastic waste that endangers the environment because of their disposal problems. The conversion of plastic to high quality liquid oil through pyrolysis process is highly advisable as the oil produced has high calorific value than that of commercial fuel. This paper describes commonly used verities of plastics and potential of pyrolysis process to produce fuel using them.