Chemical Composition and Anticancer Properties of Alpinia calcarata Rosc . Rhizome (original) (raw)
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Cytotoxic effect of Alpinia scabra (Blume) Naves extracts on human breast and ovarian cancer cells
2013
Background: Alpinia scabra, locally known as 'Lengkuas raya', is an aromatic, perennial and rhizomatous herb from the family Zingiberaceae. It is a wild species which grows largely on mountains at moderate elevations in Peninsular Malaysia, but it can also survive in the lowlands like in the states of Terengganu and Northern Johor. The present study reports the cytotoxic potential of A. scabra extracts from different parts of the plant. Methods: The experimental approach in the present study was based on a bioassay-guided fractionation. The crude methanol and fractionated extracts (hexane, chloroform and water) from different parts of A. scabra (leaves, rhizomes, roots and pseudo stems) were prepared prior to the cytotoxicity evaluation against human ovarian (SKOV-3) and hormone-dependent breast (MCF7) carcinoma cells. The identified cytotoxic extracts were then subjected to chemical investigations in order to identify the active ingredients. A normal human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) was used to determine the specificity for cancerous cells. The cytotoxic extracts and fractions were also subjected to morphological assessment, DNA fragmentation analysis and DAPI nuclear staining. Results: The leaf (hexane and chloroform) and rhizome (chloroform) extracts showed high inhibitory effect against the tested cells. Ten fractions (LC1-LC10) were yielded after purification of the leaf chloroform extract. Fraction LC4 which showed excellent cytotoxic activity was further purified and resulted in 17 sub-fractions (VLC1-VLC17). Sub-fraction VLC9 showed excellent cytotoxicity against MCF7 and SKOV-3 cells but not toxic against normal MRC-5 cells. Meanwhile, eighteen fractions (RC1-RC18) were obtained after purification of the rhizome chloroform extract, of which fraction RC5 showed cytotoxicity against SKOV-3 cells with high selectivity index. There were marked morphological changes when observed using phase-contrast inverted microscope, DAPI nuclear staining and also DNA fragmentations in MCF7 and SKOV-3 cells after treatment with the cytotoxic extracts and fractions which were indicative of cell apoptosis. Methyl palmitate and methyl stearate were identified in the hexane leaf extract by GC-MS analysis. Conclusions: The data obtained from the current study demonstrated that the cell death induced by cytotoxic extracts and fractions of A. scabra may be due to apoptosis induction which was characterized by apoptotic morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. The active ingredients in the leaf sub-fraction VLC9 and rhizome fraction RC5 may lead to valuable compounds that have the ability to kill cancer cells but not normal cells.
2010
1'-(S)-1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) isolated from the Malaysian ethnomedicinal plant Alpinia conchigera Griff. was investigated for its potential as an anticancer drug. In this communication, we describe the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of ACA on five human tumour cell lines. Data from MTT cell viability assays indicated that ACA induced both time-and dose-dependent cytotoxicity on all tumour cell lines tested and had no adverse cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Total mortality of the entire tumour cell population was achieved within 30 hrs when treated with ACA at 40.0 mu M concentration. Flow cytometric analysis for annexin-V and PI dual staining demonstrated that cell death occurred via apoptosis, followed by secondary necrosis. The apoptotic effects of ACA were confirmed via the DNA fragmentation assay, in which consistent laddering of genomic DNA was observed for all tumour cell lines after a 24 hrs post-treatment period at the IC(50) concentration of ACA. A cell cycle analysis using PI staining also demonstrated that ACA induced cell cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase, corresponding to oral tumour cell lines. In conclusion, ACA exhibits enormous potential for future development as a chemotherapeutic drug against various malignancies.
Sri Lankan Journal of Biology, 2017
The cytotoxicty of Alpinia calcarata rhizome and leaf extracts, fractions and essential oils were evaluated in vitro against human lung NCI-H460 and cervical HeLa cancer cell lines using sulphorhodamine-B assay. Although an array of bioactivities of A. calcarata rhizome have been reported previously, no attempt has been made to study the cytotoxicity of rhizome in human lung NCI-H460 and cervical HeLa cancer cell lines. In the present study, both the leaf and rhizome extracts (ethanolic and water) along with their fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water) and essential oils against human lung (NCI-H460) and human cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines were investigated. Fresh rhizomes and leaves of Alpinia calcarata, collected from Western Province of Sri Lanka were used to obtain the extracts. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. All the samples were stored at 4 °C. The extracts, fractions and essential oils demonstrated a varying degree of ...
A large number of plants belonging to the Zingiberaceace family are well known to possess strong anti-tumor properties. Thus the objective is to determine the protective effects and host toxic nature of ethanol extract of Alpinia calcarata Rosc (EEAC) Rhizome, on male Swiss albino mice. Here the gross general observation such as body weight changes, salivation, diarrhea, muscular numbness, biochemical parameters like serum GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase), GOT (glutamate oxaloactate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), serum glucose, cholesterol, urea, triglyceride and creatinine of normal and EAC bearing mice treated with the extract were studied. Histopathology of liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and brain were also investigated of both normal and EAC bearing mice. In normal mice there was a modest increase in all the above parameters during the treatment period (14 consecutive days at the 8.0 mg/kg/day). After treatment the enhanced values gradually decreased to normal levels. In case of EAC bearing mice, the toxic effects induced by EAC cells were found to be nullified by the treatment EEAC. No significant abnormalities in histology of the various organs of normal mice were detected owing to such treatment Thus, the plant can therefore, be considered as a safe and probable new source of potent antitumor agents with significant hepatoprotective features.
2013
A large number of plants belonging to the Zingiberaceace family are well known to possess strong anti-tumor properties. Thus the objective is to determine the protective effects and host toxic nature of ethanol extract of Alpinia calcarata Rosc (EEAC) Rhizome, on male Swiss albino mice. Here the gross general observation such as body weight changes, salivation, diarrhea, muscular numbness, biochemical parameters like serum GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase), GOT (glutamate oxaloactate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), serum glucose, cholesterol, urea, triglyceride and creatinine of normal and EAC bearing mice treated with the extract were studied. Histopathology of liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and brain were also investigated of both normal and EAC bearing mice. In normal mice there was a modest increase in all the above parameters during the treatment period (14 consecutive days at the 8.0 mg/kg/day). After treatment the enhanced values gradually decreased to normal levels. In case of EAC bearing mice, the toxic effects induced by EAC cells were found to be nullified by the treatment EEAC. No significant abnormalities in histology of the various organs of normal mice were detected owing to such treatment Thus, the plant can therefore, be considered as a safe and probable new source of potent antitumor agents with significant hepatoprotective features.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Objective: The present study was to determine in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga. Methods: The phytochemical screening of rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard procedures. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride reagents. The various antioxidant assays and cytotoxic assays (MTT) for Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard methods (DPPH radical scavenging assay, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Reducing power assay, Phosphomolybdenum reduction assay). Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The phenolic content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 454.05 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 480.13 μg/mg and was expressed as gallic acid equivalent. The flavonoid content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 36.34 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 67.68 μg/mg and was expressed as quercetin equivalent. In DPPH assay, Alpinia galanga showed 95.36% whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 54.54% at 120 μg/ml. The maximum NO • Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that rhizome of Alpinia galanga are abundant in phenols and flavanoids which may be useful for the development of the anticancer drug. radical scavenging activity was 59.44% for Alpinia calcarata and was 73.10% for Alpinia galanga at 120 µg/ml concentration. The maximum reducing property was found at the 120 μg/ml of aqueous extract of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga which was higher than the Alpinia calcarata. In Phosphomolybdenum assay, the aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga were 55.47% and 78.38% respectively. The results of the present investigation indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays than Alpinia galanga. The cytotoxicity assay results indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed 88.36% cell viability whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 73.59% cell viability.
2016
Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum belongs in the Zingiberaceae family and is a very popular garden plant in India, it possesses moderate antibacterial and anticancer activities. To study the antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of n-hexane leaf extract of A. purpurata; antioxidant activity was determined by measuring (i) the scavenging effect of plant extract against 2, 2-diphenyl-1picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, metal chelating activity and (ii) reducing power capacity and ferric reducing power (FRAP). Cytotoxicity was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining to assess the anticancer activity of the crude extract on HeLa cells. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was found to be close...
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008
Alpinia pricei Hayata (A. pricei) is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the ability of ethanol (70%) extracts of A. pricei rhizome (AP extracts) to induce apoptosis in cultured human carcinoma KB cells was investigated. Treatment of KB cells with various concentrations of AP extracts (25-200 lg/mL) resulted in sequences of events marked by apoptosis, such as loss of cell viability, morphology change, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. AP extract-induced apoptotic cell-death was associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c translocation, caspase-3 and -9 activation, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) degradation in KB cells. This increase in AP extract-induced apoptosis was also associated with a reduction in the levels of Bcl-2, a potent cell-death inhibitor, and an increase in levels of the Bax protein, which heterodimerizes with and thereby inhibits Bcl-2. Furthermore, AP extracts induced a dose-dependent elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KB cells. Our findings suggest that A. pricei exerts antiproliferative action and growth inhibition on human carcinoma KB cells through a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. A. pricei may, therefore, have anticancer properties valuable for application in food and drug products.
Molecules
Background/Aim: Plants play an important role in anti-cancer drug discovery, therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of Alpinia zerumbet (A. zerumbet) flowers. Methods: The phytochemical and biological criteria of A. zerumbet were in vitro investigated as well as in mouse xenograft model. Results: A. zerumbet extracts, specially CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts, exhibited the highest potent anti-tumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The most active CH2Cl2 extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation leading to isolatation of the naturally occurring 5,6-dehydrokawain (DK) which was characterized by IR, MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. A. zerumbet extracts, specially MeOH and CH2Cl2 extracts, exhibited significant inhibitory activity towards tumor volume (TV). Furthermore, A. zerumbet extracts declined the high level of malonaldehyde (MDA) as well as elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver tissue hom...