Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Indigenous to Gulbarga Area of Karnataka India for Antimicrobial Studies (original) (raw)
Related papers
Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2006
Background Antimicrobial activity of 18 ethnomedicinal plant extracts were evaluated against nine bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ervinia sp, Proteus vulgaris) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). The collected ethnomedicinal plants were used in folk medicine in the treatment of skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders. Methods Plants were collected from Palni hills of Southern Western Ghats and the ethnobotanical data were gathered from traditional healers who inhabit the study area. The hexane and methanol extracts were obtained by cold percolation method and the antimicrobial activity was found using paper disc diffusion method. All microorganisms were obtained from Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Results The results indicated that out of 18 plants, 10 plants exhibited antimicrobial activity against one or more of the tested microorganisms at three different concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/disc. Among the plants tested, Acalypha fruticosa, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Toddalia asiatica,Cassia auriculata, Punica granatum and Syzygium lineare were most active. The highest antifungal activity was exhibited by methanol extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum and Punica granatum against Candida albicans. Conclusion This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the some ethnomedicinal plants used in folkloric medicine. Compared to hexane extract, methanol extract showed significant activity against tested organisms. This study also showed that Toddalia asiatica, Syzygium lineare, Acalypha fruticosa and Peltophorum pterocarpum could be potential sources of new antimicrobial agents.
Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Indian Folk Medicinal Plants
steroids
The success of chemotherapy lies in the continuous search for new drugs to counter the challenge posed by resistant strains. Methanol extracts of six plant species traditionally used in Indian folklore medicine for the treatment of various bacterial and fungal infections were investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of Eugenia jambolana and Cassia auriculata showed the highest toxicity against all the bacteria. The plant extracts showed antibacterial activity but not antifungal activity against any of the fungi used. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay were determined for these two extracts against bacteria. E. jambolana revealed the highest antimicrobial activity at a minimum concentration (0.75 mg/ml) against S. aureus. The phytochemical analysis carried out revealed the presence of coumarins, flavanoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids. Alkaloids were not detected from any of the plant extracts under study. The results provide justification for the use of the plants in folk medicine to treat various infectious diseases.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THREE INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS – AN IN VITRO STUDY
The alcoholic leaf extract of the three Indian medicinal plants Annona squamosa, Aegle marmelos and Citrus limon were screened for its antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method. They were tested against four gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis), three gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruoginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia) and against three fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigates,Candida albicans). It was observed that all the three alcoholic leaf extracts showed antibacterial and antifungal activity. The alcoholic leaf extract of Annona squamosa was found to be most active against S. aureus, B. cereus, K. pneumonia, A. niger and A.fumigates. The alcoholic leaf extract of Aegle marmelos was found to be active against B. subtilis, E. coli, P.aeuroginosa and C. albicans. The alcoholic leaf extract of Citrus limon was most active against S.epidermidis and E. coli. The susceptibility of the microorganisms to the extracts of these plants was compared with each other and with the standard antibiotics ciprofloxacin and ketoconozole. The antimicrobial activities of the three alcoholic leaf extracts are discussed according to their phytochemical components. It is concluded that these three Indian medicinal plants may serve as a valuable source of compounds with therapeutic potential.
2016
Introduction: Phytochemicals are non-nutritive, chemical compounds that occur naturally on plants and have diverse protective properties .Most Phytochemicals like carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols have antimicrobial activity and serve as a source of antimicrobial agents against human pathogens. In the present study, five indigenous plants of Assam namely Oldenlandia corymbosa, Ricinus communis, Lpomea aquatica, Xanthium strumarium, Mentha piperita were analyzed for various Phytochemicals present and their antimicrobial activity. Methods: Phytochemical screening tests was conducted for five plant species and found that extract contains a variety of Phytochemicals like saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and reducing sugars and among which there is higher level of precipitation for phenol and flavonoids. As they are essential source of antimicrobial agents against pathogens, their extract were tested for its antimicrobial activity by well diffusion method using Nutrient agar against human pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Results: The study plant extract of Xanthium strumarium(leaves, roots) and Mentha piperita(stem) had shown a strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the plant extract of Ricinus communis(leaves ,stem, roots), Lpomea aquatica (stem)had shown antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Oldenlandia corymbosa hadn't shown antimicrobial activity for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study provided evidence to confirm the presence of various medicinally important bioactive compounds or Phytochemicals that has got biological importance and it justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases and this findings suggest that the selected plant extracts possesses antimicrobial properties that could be used for biological control of bacterial cultures and this bioactive compounds serve as a source of antimicrobial agents against human pathogens.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2012
Objective: The present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of 21 crude extracts from leaf and flower of Aristolochia indica (A. indica), Cassia angustifolia (C.angustifolia), leaf of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus), Diospyros melanoxylon (D.melanoxylon), Dolichos biflorus (D. biflorus), Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre) and Justicia procumbens (J. procumbens). Methods: The ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extract of medicinal plants were evaluated against Gram-positive Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) by using well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: The crude plant extracts demonstrated broad spectrum activity against all bacteria. The highest inhibitory zone was observed in leaf methanol extract of A. indica against E. aerogenes (25 mm), and E. coli (20 mm), flower methanol extract of C. angustifolia against B. cereus (22 mm) and leaf acetone extract of G. sylvestre against B. cereus (22mm). The MIC values of leaf methanol extract of A. indica against K. pneumonia (22.6 毺 g/ ml), and flower extract showed against E. coli (MIC: 24.2 毺 g/ml), leaf ethyl acetate extract of C. angustifolia against K. pneumoniae (MIC: 28.4 毺 g/ml). Acetone ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D. melanoxylon and D. biflorus showed the lowest MIC activity value of >30 毺 g/ml against all tested pathogens. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity could be confirmed in most species used in traditional medicine in South India. Nevertheless, traditional knowledge might provide some leads to elucidate potential candidates for future development of new antibiotic agents.
2018
The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of five plant extracts, utilized in tribal community of Vidisha Dist. for the cure of skin diseases and infections were studied. The extracts of Acacia arabica (Babul), Curcuma longa (Haldi), Emblica officinalis (Amla), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) and Vitex nigundo (Nirgundi) were evaluated in vitro against three bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM 2079), Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2063), Escherichia coli (NCIM 2065) and one Fluconazole-resistant yeast strain i.e. Candida albicans (NCIM 3628) by agar disc diffusion method. The collected ethno medicinal plants were used in folk medicine in the treatment of skin diseases and various infectious disorders. All the 05 plants exhibited antimicrobial activity against one or more of the tested microorganisms at three different concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg disc-1 .
Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1998
A total of 82 Indian medicinal plants traditionally used in medicines were subjected to preliminary antibacterial screening against several pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Aqueous, hexane and alcoholic extracts of each plant were tested for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method at sample concentration of 200 mg/ml. The results indicated that out of 82 plants, 56 exhibited antibacterial activity against one or more test pathogens. Interestingly, extracts of five plants showed strong and broad spectrum activity as compared to rest of 51 plant extracts which demonstrated moderate activity. On the whole the alcoholic extracts showed greater activity than their corresponding aqueous and hexane extracts. Among various extracts, only alcoholic extracts of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Plumbago zeylanica and Holarrhena antidysenterica were found to show potentially interesting activity against test bacteria. These active crude alcoholic extracts were also assayed for cellular toxicity to fresh sheep erythrocytes and found to have no cellular toxicity.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants of North East India
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2014
In present study, we examined the presence of phytochemical constituents in the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of 6 medicinal plants of north east India. The methanol extracts of all the 6 plants were further analyzed for antibacterial activity by following standard agar well method against four bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis as Gram-positive bacteria and bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris as Gram-negative bacteria and were assessed by the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values. The results revealed the presence of alkaloid, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and carbohydrates in all the 6 plant species.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants of South India
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2011
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude methanolic extracts of Memecylon malabaricum Clarke. (leaves), Cochlospermum religiosum Linn. (leaves and flowers) and Andrographis serpyllifolia Vahl. (leaves) using the standard disc diffusion assay against eight strains of bacterial species, viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus sp. The extracts of the plants at a concentration of 1.25 mg/disc showed minimum to moderate activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria indicating a broad spectrum activity. A preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted on the selected plant extracts using standard qualitative procedures that revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites. The extracts failed to show antioxidant activity by reducing power assay. The result indicates the potential usefulness of these plants especially Memecylon malabaricum and Cochlospermum religiosum, in treating microbial infections in humans and plants and justifies the need for further investigations and characterization of the bioactive compounds present in the methanolic extracts of the plants.