Plasmid Profile of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (MAR) Bacteria Isolated from Leachate Samples in Ebira Communities of Ekiti Central and Ekiti South, Ekiti State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 10 5 to 6.0 x 10 6 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 10 5 to 3.75 x 10 6 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 10 5 to 3.45 x 10 5 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.
Microbiology Research Journal International, 2019
Aims: This study was designed to investigate the plasmid bearing multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria from different aquatic sources. Place and Duration of Study: This research work was carried out in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo state, Nigeria between January and June, 2018. Methodology: The pathogenic bacteria associated with water samples collected from different sources in Akure, Nigeria were isolated and characterized. A total of 521 water samples were collected from sources such as wells, taps, streams, rivers, boreholes and rain. All the samples were subjected to presumptive, confirmed and completed tests to evaluate their microbiological quality. The microbial types in the samples were determined using standard microbiological Original Research Article Onifade et al.; MRJI, 27(4): 1-12, 2019; Article no.MRJI.48233 2 techniques. All isolates obtained in this study were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity analysis and screened for Beta-lactamase production (ESBL). Plasmid profile analysis of the resistance isolates was carried out using standard method. Furthermore, post-curing of the plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance isolates was performed and data obtained were analyzed and presented using analysis of variance. Results: Bacterial isolates such as Acinetobacter baumanni, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurum, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris and Vibrio cholerae were identified from the water samples. The isolate E. coli had the highest percentage distribution of 24.10% in well water and 26.19% in stream water while Salmonella species had the highest occurrence of 53.85% in rain water. The Beta-lactamase producing (ESBL) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Pefloxacin that conferred antibacterial effect. Plasmid-gene profile analysis of the isolates revealed that S. typhimurium, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris possess single plasmid each while only E. coli contain two plasmid bands. The post plasmid-curing antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates revealed that the initial antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates were plasmid mediated. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest the purification of water from these sources before consumption is important as most microbes found in these samples are potential pathogens that are capable of causing infectious diseases with multiple antibiotic resistant features.
Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 10 5 to 6.0 x 10 6 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 10 5 to 3.75 x 10 6 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 10 5 to 3.45 x 10 5 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.
Water is an essential natural resource and a basic need of lives. Its qualities and sustenance is threatened by pollution, resulting into serious public health concern. Polluted or contaminated water could harbor pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed at subjecting isolated bacteria from River Osin, Ila Local Government, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria, to antibiotic susceptibility test and plasmid curing following standard microbiological procedures. The mean value of total viable bacterial count and total coliform count obtained ranged between {2.41x 10 3-1.81x10 4 }cfu/ml and {120-150}cfu/100ml for February and July, 2019 respectively and were both found to exceed WHO standard of 1.0x10 2 cfu/ml and (0) zero cfu/100ml respectively. A total of (9) nine bacteria were isolated and identified to include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellasp, Salmonella sp, Bacillus sp, Streptococcus sp, Proteus sp, Alcaligenssp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All isolates tested for susceptibility were resistant to Cotrimaxazoleand Amoxicillin, and showed varied susceptibility to Levufuroxime, Tetracycline, Levofloxacin and Amikacim. Many were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ofloxacin. The plasmid curing done shows that the resistance genes were both plasmid and chromosomallyborne. It was concluded from this work that all bacteria isolated from this River resist Cotrimazole and Amoxicillin, and their resistant genes were both plasmid and chromosomally borne.
2015
The drinking water and leachate samples from dumpsite of rural settlement of Ekiti North Senatorial district, Ekiti State, were subjected to bacteriological and physiochemical analysis using standard microbiological techniques and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The mean of total bacterial, coliform and enterococcal count ranged from 0.1 x 10 5 CFU/mL to 13.9 x 10 5 CFU/mL; 0.1 x 10 5 CFU/mL to 7.2 x 10 5 CFU/mL and 0.1 x 10 5 CFU/mL to 6.3 x 10 5 CFU/mL respectively for water samples; and 14.6 x 10 7 CFU/mL to 24.2 x 10 7 CFU/mL; 11.7 x 10 7 CFU/mL to 28.3 x 10 7 CFU/mL and 13.4 x 10 7 CFU/mL to 34.9 x 10 7 CFU/mL respectively for leachate samples. Escherichia coli had the highest percentage occurrence of (34%) while Klebsiella spp had the least percentage occurrence of (1%). Only 6 - 33% and 0-18% of Gram positive and Gram negative isolates were respectively resistant to ofloxacin but all the isolates were resistant to other antibiotic at varying percentages. A little...
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2022
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacteriaceae poses critical public health threat in Nigeria and the global world. This resistant mechanism might be plasmid mediated or chromosomal. Escherichia coli are Gram negative pathogen with a global distribution rate. The study was carried out to determine MDR and plasmid profiling of E. coli isolates from urine, feaces and poultry litter. The samples were cultured on eosine methylene blue agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37˚C. Results obtained showed a percentage prevalence of 30% for the urine samples which were the most prevalent, while the prevalence of E. coli from the feacal and poultry litter was 8% and 28% respectively. Identified E. coli were screened for antibiotic susceptibility by Kirby Bauer diffusion method. The results on susceptibility of E. coli to tested antibiotics before plasmid curing showed 100% resistance to cefuroxime and augumentin, while 75% resistance was observed in gentamicine, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacine. Cefixime and cefdazidime resistance were 62.5% on E. coli and the least resistance was observed in nitrofurantion (25%). The poultry litter and urine isolates recorded lower resistance level to antibiotics, compared to the feacal isolates. After plasmid curing the percentage of resistance reduced. The only antibiotics that responded positively was nitrofurantion, with high sensitivity of 87% for feacal isolate, 100% for urine isolates, and 78% for poultry litter isolates after plasmid curing. Twenty (20) of the thirty seven (37) isolates were still resistant to more than two antibiotics after the plasmid curing. Of the twenty isolates, 18 (90%) were found to harbor single plasmid, while 2 (10%) did not possess plasmid. This study concludes that nitrofurantion was the most effective antibiotics on Escherichia coli and plasmids were responsible partly for resistance.
This study highlighted the antibiotic susceptibility and the emergence of multidrug resistance plasmids among Escherichia coli in abattoir wastewater in Bauchi state Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of E. coli was conducted from 150 samples using standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and plasmid curing were done on the strains. Of these samples screened only 18 (12%) E. coli were recovered. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed high resistance to Augmentin (77.7%) with a clear diameter of inhibition ranging between 8.0±0.0-17.3±1.4 mm, followed by amoxicillin (8.0±0.0-17.3±1.4) mm, streptomycin (8.0±00-10.0±2.6) mm and septrin (8.0±0.0-10.3±0.3) mm, with 61.1%, each, and gentamicin (8.0±0.0-17.3±0.0) mm and chloramphenicol (8.0±0.0-11.0±2.0) mm, each with 55.5% respectively. Ciprofloxacin (18.0±0.0-40.0±0.5) mm, was the most potent with 83.3% activity. Multiple antibiotic resistance was examined in 12 (66.6%) of the isolates. After curing, antibiotic susceptibility testing most of the isolates were observed to harbor plasmid-mediated resistance. This study has revealed the emergence of multidrug plasmids mediated resistance among Escherichia coli in abattoir wastewater in Bauchi State Nigeria.
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2021
Water is essential to life. The existence of all forms of life is dependent on an adequate water supply. The exigent need for water supply in homes prompted the construction of water sources and water storage devices in the homes. This however does not guarantee that the water is safe to drink. If the water is safe at the source, it may be contaminated during transportation storage and drawing at home. This study was carried out to determine the microbial counts, antibiotics susceptibility and plasmid profile of bacteria isolates from household water distribution tanks in the Ado-Ekiti metropolis. The total bacteria and coliform counts were determined using the pour plating technique. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion technique while the plasmid profile of the isolates was determined using the alkaline lysis method and agar gel electrophoresis. The mean total bacteria count of the water sample was 6.96 log10 CFU/ml, while t...
International Journal of Pathogen Research, 2019
Several activities occur in abattoirs including receiving, slaughtering and sale of cattle for meat protein. In rearing of these animals, antibiotics and vaccines are incorporated as part of their meals as well as in the treatment of their infections. The regular use of antibiotics leading to the increased occurrence of antibiotic resistant organisms worldwide and also from abattoir samples, has prompted the determination of plasmid profile in these microorganisms as the plasmids act as a faster means of transmission of resistance genes. This study was thus aimed at determining the plasmid profile of multi-resistant microorganisms isolated from abattoirs. Several samples including swabs from the tables, cow blood, faecal matter and service water were collected from the Iwofe, Rumuodumaya and Trans-Amadi abattoirs located within Port Harcourt City. Antibiotics including Gentamicin (10 µg), Ofloxacin (5 µg), Augmentin (30 µg), Ceftazidime (30 µg), Cefuroxime (30 µg), Nitrofurantoin (300 µg), Cefixime (5 µg) and Ciprofloxacin (5 µg) were used to determine the sensitivity pattern of the isolated microorganims.The plasmid profile of the multiple antibiotic