Chapter 1 Pesticides , Environmental Pollution , and Health (original) (raw)
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Pesticides, Environmental Pollution, and Health
Environmental Health Risk - Hazardous Factors to Living Species, 2016
In recent years, people have been exposed to several types of substances with broad spectrum due to the rapidly evolving technology. One of these chemical substance groups are pesticides. Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety, the environment, and all living things. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated pesticide use has prompted research into the environmental fate of these agents, which can emigrate from treated fields to air, other land, and water bodies. The importance of agricultural pesticides for developing countries is undeniable. However, the issue of human health and environmental risks has emerged as a key problem for these countries in accordance to a number of studies. In the last five decades, pesticide usages increased the quantity and improved the quality of food. However, with the increasing amounts of their usage, concern about their adverse effects on nontarget organisms, including human beings, has also grown. The purpose of this publication is to explain the nature of pesticides and their history, classification, risks, and effects on health and the environment.
Pesticide Uses and its Effects on Public Health and Environment
Journal of Health Promotion, 2018
Pesticide's manufacture, use, storage and disposal should be strictly regulated to reduce its negative effects on environment and public health. The reports show that the pesticide use increasing every year globally and currently its national use in average is 0.39 kg a. i/ha. It has been found that the quantity of consumption of pesticide in Nepal in agricultural field is very low in comparison to the other countries of the globe but due to its haphazard use in some commodity and ignorance of waiting period after its application has increased the risk of the exposure of farm families to pesticides and intake of pesticides by consumers, which are becoming major health threat.
Pesticide Contamination and Human Health
Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 2019
Pesticides play a vital role in modern farming in order to meet the needs of growing population. However, due to their toxic effects, pesticides cause a serious threat to public health. Pesticides when used excessively and carelessly cause social conflict, as most of the workers are intoxicated by these chemicals. These chemicals not only affect farmers and applicators but also adversely affect surrounding communities, flora and fauna. During the present decade, there is an increased awareness among the people regarding pesticide poisoning. The present chapter highlighted the adverse effect of pesticides on environment and on human health. This review helps to seek the attention of researchers, government, and non-government organizations on health issues that have been associated with the exposure of harmful chemical pesticides and encourage research on finding the new concept in modern agriculture involving a reduction in the use of chemical pesticides.
Effects of pesticide use in agriculture and its impact on human health
Biolife, 2023
Going by the characterization of pesticides, they are chemical substances that are made use of to eliminate animals, insects, plant and fungal bugs in cultivation, at home as well as in institutions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the various aspects of pesticide use in agriculture and to study the effect of pesticides use in agriculture on human health. Agricultural community was taken for this study and areas were randomly chosen. All farmers, both men and women were interviewed if they were working in an agricultural field. The most commonly used pesticides according to the sprayers were Rogar/Dimethoate (55%), Ekalux/Qunalphos (49.4 %), Endosulphan (48.5%) and Monocrotophos (45.9%). While pesticides were sprayed, non sprayers (40.1%), including women (19.3%) continued to work in the same field, which exposed them to pesticides (Table 5). Time of reference for the non-sprayers was while working in the field during or after pesticide spraying. These signs and symptoms were reported by a large number of sprayers. 373 sprayers (86.1%) and 156 (78.8%) of non-sprayers reported at least one of these signs and symptoms.
Human Health and Environmental Effects of Pesticide Use in Agriculture
International Journal For Research In Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2020
The large scale and injudicious use of pesticides has created alarming concerns about the adverse effects on human health and the environment. The non target organisms, particularly insect's natural enemies and pollinators, have got the most attention about the adverse effects of pesticides because of their value in integrated pest management (IPM) and pollination processes, respectively. Because Natural enemies play an important role in controlling pest population levels, therefore, destruction of these by using pesticides can activate pest problems. The secondary pest outbreaks are also caused by the loss of predator species. Because of indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture the quality of soil and aquatic environment are also adversely affected to the considerable level along with the natural enemies. Pesticides degrade soil invertebrates including earthworms, nematodes and other small organisms that have an important role in soil ecosystem. Pesticides can pass in to the human body through inhalation, oral or dermal exposure and become the main cause of several diseases like cancer, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, endocrine disruption and reproduction disorders. There are various ways to protect human health and environmental hazards as a result of indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture like, development and use of safe and environmental friendly pesticide formulations, introduction of alternative pest control master plans in an IPM approach such as host plant resistance and bio control.
Adverse Health Effects of Pesticides in Agrarian Populations of Developing Countries
2000
In low- and middle-income countries, and across the world, the need to ensure local agricultural production and food security, while simultaneously protecting the population against health affects from pesticide exposure, has emerged as a major public health challenge. As agricultural production in Africa intensifies, and as pesticide use becomes more widespread, an increase of pesticide poisoning cases is to be expected (London et al. 2005). Acute poisoning by agricultural pesticides is currently an important cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, with some 25 million farm workers annually exposed to pesticides in developing countries (Jeyaratnam 1990). Developing countries use only 20% of the world’s agrochemicals, yet they suffer 99% of deaths from pesticide poisoning (Jeyaratnam and Chia 1994). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that at the global level, 3 million severe pesticide poisoning episodes occur annually, and of these, a minimum of 300,000 people die, with 99% of cases being from low- and middle-income countries (Gunnell and Eddleson 2003). Japanese farmers use an estimated 400,000 t of pesticides per annum, and the number of deaths caused by such pesticide use is about 1,000 persons per annum (in the early 2000s; Nagami et al. 2005). The Poison Information Centre of the National Institute of Occupational Health, in Ahmedabad, reported that organophosphorus (OP) pesticides were responsible for the maximum number of poisonings (73%) among all agricultural chemicals (Dewan and Sayed 1998).
Pesticide applications in Agriculture and its Environmental and Human Health Impacts
2020
The use of chemicals in modern agriculture has significantly increased productivity is very common now a days. There has been an increase in the concentration of pesticides in food and in our environment, with associated negative effects on human health and the environment. The excessive use of pesticides has generated increasing concerns on the negative effects of human health as well as the environment. Impact on the environment of Pesticides can pose serious distress on soil, water, territory, and other vegetation. The pesticides application directly kill the insects, pest, weeds and pathogens but it also indirectly can be harmful and toxic on to the host of the other organism which are birds, beneficial insects, and all other non-target plant and animals. Insecticides are usually the most extremely toxic class of pesticides; however, herbicides can also pose risks to non-target organisms. With this concern most of the pesticides and chemicals are non-biodegradable, and as a resu...
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2017
Majority of the farmers are unaware of pesticide types, level of poisoning, safety precautions and potential hazards on health and environment. According to the latest estimate, the annual import of pesticides in Nepal is about 211t a.i. with 29.19% insecticides, 61.38% fungicides, 7.43% herbicides and 2% others. The gross sale value accounts US $ 3.05 million per year. Average pesticides use in Nepal is 142 g a.i./ha, which is very low as compared to other Asian counties. Pesticidal miss use is being a serious concern mainly in the commercial pocket areas of agricultural production, where farmers are suffering from environmental pollution. Incidence of poisoning is also increasing because of intentional, incidental and occupational exposure. Toxic and environmentally persistent chemicals are being used as pesticides. Many studies showed that the chemical pollution of the environment has long-term effects on human life. It is therefore essential that manufacture, use, storage, transport and disposal of chemical pesticides be strictly regulated.
Chemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture
Frontiers in Public Health, 2016
The industrialization of the agricultural sector has increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems. Pesticides are agrochemicals used in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas in order to protect plants and humans from various diseases. However, due to their known ability to cause a large number of negative health and environmental effects, their side effects can be an important environmental health risk factor. The urgent need for a more sustainable and ecological approach has produced many innovative ideas, among them agriculture reforms and food production implementing sustainable practice evolving to food sovereignty. It is more obvious than ever that the society needs the implementation of a new agricultural concept regarding food production, which is safer for man and the environment, and to this end, steps such as the declaration of Nyéléni have been taken.
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE USE OF PESTICIDES ON HUMAN HEALTH (Atena Editora)
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE USE OF PESTICIDES ON HUMAN HEALTH (Atena Editora), 2023
The use of agrochemicals has increased significantly in recent years, which can have serious impacts on health. Brazil is one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world, and this increase in the use of these substances generates several problems. The objective is to analyze the negative effects that the use of pesticides can have on human health and the environment. Such risks extend beyond the health of agricultural workers, reaching local communities close to the cultivation area and even the final consumers of the products. Resulting in proof that the indiscriminate use of pesticides generates impacts on health, requiring public policies that guarantee compliance with legislation and the encouragement of more sustainable agricultural practices to protect the well-being of the population.