Laundry Performance: Effect of Detergent and Additives on Consumer Satisfaction (original) (raw)
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Consumer laundry practices and satisfaction: pre‐ and post‐phosphate detergent ban
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Laundry practices and satisfaction of consumers in soft and hard water areas were compared before and after the state of Virginia initiated a ban on the sale and use of phosphate-built laundry detergents. Respondents to mail questionnaires (184 before: 174 after) generally had high satisfaction with laundry results before and after the ban despite the fact that they did not always follow currently recommended laundry practices. Post-ban, few practices had changed, but more respondents in both water areas tended always or frequently to add extra detergent for heavily soiled items. Thus. during the first 2 or 3 months of the ban little effect on laundry practices and satisfaction was apparent. Education about recommended laundry practices appears beneficial because of the implications for family economic well-being.
The Preferences of Consumers When Selecting Clothing Detergent Products
International Review of Management and Marketing
The retailing environment has shown that consumer purchases are dependent upon the consideration and subsequent evaluation of product attributes. Consumer’s selection of products are driven by their preferences for the attributes that the products possess. The aim of this study was to investigate product attribute preferences for cross-category shopping products in Durban. The quantitative study design based on a cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted. The study population consisted of consumers within the city of Durban. The study sampled 213 students selected from three universities in Durban (University A, B and C). Research respondents were chosen using convenience sampling. Respondents were purposely selected based on their capacity to give meaningful information relevant to the study. The Cronbach alpha test was conducted to test for reliability of the first instrument. The results indicated acceptable, consistent scoring patterns for the sections of the research ins...
Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, 1995
The effectiveness of 42 detergents, I I non-phosphate containing powdered detergents, 12 phosphate containing powdered detergents, I1 unbuilt liquid detergents and eight built liquid detergents, of varying formulations, in cleaning a standard soiled fabric in water of varying hardness was evaluated. Powdered detergents were found to be significantly affected only at very high water hardness levels. There was no signi$cant difSerence between washing in warm and hot water for the liquid detergents, except for a melaleucaoil based detergent which pegormed significantly better in hot water. Increasing water hardness had no significant effect on liquid detergents. Powdered detergents pegormed better than liquid detergents in cleaning the standard soiled fabric. While no one detergent was significantly better than the others, in general, washing with detergents that contained phosphates did give somewhat better results in warm water. Detergents that contained bleach as an additive did not result in whiter fabric.
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The effectiveness of I1 non-phosphate containing powdered detergents and 12 phosphate containing powdered detergents, of varying formulations, in cleaning a standard soiled fabric in soft water (5 p p m) were evaluated. It was found that in soft water there were no differences between washing with either phosphate or nonphosphate detergent. In general, washing with detergents which contained phosphates did give somewhat better results in warm water. Detergents that contained bleach as an additive did not result in a whiter fabric.
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Journal of Consumer Studies and Home Economics, 1991
The water hardnesses were determined for 10 samples of water. A wide variation of water hardnesses were found ranging from very soft to very hard. The effectiveness of sir commercial laundry detergents of different formulations were evaluated. The detergent containing a non-ionic surjactant with a phosphate builder was found to give the best whiteness results, regardless of water hardness. Because of the possible environmental problems associated with the use of phosphates, consumers m a y wish to select the next most effective detergent formulation, which varied between water samples.
A Study on Customer Satisfaction: With Special Reference to Detergent Powder
Customer satisfaction is really a term which is generally utilized in marketing. Fundamentally, it is an evaluation in which the way the product or service supplied by a business fulfill or perhaps surpass customer expectancy. Companies must preserve current customers while directed at new customers. Measuring customer satisfaction offers an indicator regarding how prosperous this company is in delivering products or services to the marketplace. A product’s excellent incorporates a major influence on the product or service performance; therefore it truly is related to any customer’s value and full satisfaction (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). Customers are trying to find trusted merchandise which matches the idea and competent to have the actual planned functions. The objective of this paper is to find out the gap between the expectation and actual performance of the product.
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Clothing maintenance is necessary for keeping clothing and textiles functional and socially acceptable, but it has environmental consequences due to the use of energy, water and chemicals. This article discusses whether clothes made of different materials are cleaned in different ways and have different environmental impacts. It fills a knowledge gap needed in environmental assessments that evaluate the impacts based on the function of a garment by giving detailed information on the use phase. The article is based on a quantitative wardrobe survey and qualitative laundry diary data from China, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. The largest potential for environmental improvement exists in reducing laundering frequency and in the selection of washing and drying processes, and through a transition to fibres that are washed less frequently, such as wool. Adopting best practice garment care would give larger benefits in countries like the US where the consumption values were the highes...
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This paper discusses consumers’ wool washing habits and the possibilities for improving the laundering process with the aim of reducing the total environmental impacts of clothing consumption. Wool has great potential when compared to other fibres, such as cotton, especially when the energy per day of use is compared to energy per washing cycle. Wool products can be used longer between washing cycles due to the natural soil repellence, some washing can be replaced by airing, and the wool wash programs have lower washing temperatures and shorter washing cycles. Two surveys supplemented with in-depth interviews were conducted to study consumers’ clothing maintenance habits in Norway and Sweden. Results confirm that consumers use woollen products longer between washes than similar products made from cotton. However, there is still a potential to reduce the energy consumption from wool wash further both through technical washing program development and through changes in consumer behavi...
Clean laundry with pure conscience-A study on laundry practices among Finnish consumers
International Journal of Consumer Studies, 2018
The previous study concerning laundry practices in Finland was published 16 years ago. Since that time, many pro-environmental debates have been going on and sustainable actions have been implemented in many areas of individual lives and households. The purpose of this study is to investigate the textile laundering practices of Finnish consumers and their attitudes towards clothing care procedures. This study discusses how laundry habits could be developed into a more sustainable direction. The data for this research were gathered through an online enquiry that consisted of structured multiple-choice questions. The data were obtained from 1841 persons of whom 97.5% were women (n=1795). The data were analysed by statistical means using the SPSS program. The data show that, despite media attention and debate about textile care procedures, there still are factors in laundering that burden the environment. From a sustainability point of view, some improvements exist when comparing to the situation 16 years ago, but washing machines still are seldom filled to their full capacity and consumers, being unaware of water hardness, administer excessive amounts of detergent. The current life situations of the household members seem to be major factors influencing laundry habits and sustainable actions. Especially young people and families with children would benefit from information and instructions on laundry practices. Topics could contain knowledge about water hardness and proper dosing of detergent, filling the washing machine, washing temperatures, drying Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. methods and saving energy. Furthermore, general promotion of gender equality is important because household work and laundering is strikingly women-performed work.
The objective of the consumer laundry research study was to determine the impact of wash water temperature, detergent type and laundering platform on basic clothing attributes. To determine the effects of top and front loading washing machines, cold and warm water wash temperatures and detergent types on home laundered garments by assessing color change, dimensional stability, pilling, moisture content and residual moisture content and stain removal. Testing was conducted on consumer loads of denim, towels, khakis, polos, and mixed consumer loads. Each load type was subjected to thirty wash and dry cycles. Evaluations of the loads were conducted prior to testing (when applicable to test method), as well as after one, five, ten, fifteen, and thirty wash and dry cycles.