The Spread of Radicalism Movements in Indonesia: The State’s Accomodative Political Gradation Post-Reform (original) (raw)
Related papers
Goverment Control of Islamic Ideology Movement: A Case of Indonesia
Journal of Al-Tamaddun
Differences in views in the first precepts of the Pancasila version of the Jakarta Charter of 22 June 1945 became a genealogical factor that caused some Islamic groups to struggle relentlessly in realizing Islam as the basis of the philosophy and ideology of the state. Part of these groups' movements is compromise and radicalism. Therefore, this research aims to examine non-mainstream Islamic movements in the Indonesian political system. The phenomenological constructivism approach is used in understanding the views of the New Order and the Reform regimes in dealing with non-mainstream Islamic movements, through interview techniques and document analysis. These results showed that radical issues far exceed the normal level of Islamic movements in Indonesia. Furthermore, there is concern that certain groups oriented towards Islamic movements in Indonesia are more co-opted in the anti-Islamic global network sponsored by the United States and the West. The status of the New Order a...
Radicalism Vs Extremism: The Dilemma of Islam And Politics In Indonesia
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 2021
Despite its adherence to the principles of democracy, Indonesia is currently trapped in conditions and situations over the emergence of a new government system based on Islam. The notion of extremism dominates society, both the general public and the political elite, and has even infiltrated the youth via the education system. Community mobilization movements in the name of religion in the political sphere indicate that extremism has spread and is gaining strength. The main focus of this research is to make a clearer distinction between radicalism and extremism from both a political and religious perspective. To answer this problem, this paper clarifies the meaning of the terms "extreme" and "radical" in the context of religious politics from the point of view of democracy and distinguishes the signs for the two dimensions of extremism and radicalism. Not only that, in this study there are also explanations related to religious phenomena which basically have an indirect relationship with politics and extremism. This study approach uses a qualitative method taken from the study of Borum and Schmid. It argues that the difference between extremism and radicalism rests on the existence of an ideology. Radicalism is a form of process in which there is agreement or disagreement on violence in tactical and temporal considerations, while the concept of extremism is considered a motive.
Archives of Current Research International
Geneological perspective differences on the Jakarta Charter had become the main cause for some Islamic groups to have an endless struggle in embodying Islamism and Islamic ideology formalism as the basis of their philosophy and ideology. Compromise and radicalism are part of the movement of these groups. This study aims to examine the supporters’ movement of the understanding of Islamism and Islamic Idiology formalism in order to get involve in Indonesian political system. The phenomenological constructivism approach is used in understanding the views of New Order Regime and Reforms Regime in dealing with Islamism and Islamic idiology formalism which are taken from interview and document analysis. The results of the study show that the radical issues are far more than the normal level of the Indonesian Islam movement. The concerns of certain groups which are oriented towards the Islamic movement in Indonesia are more co-opted in an anti-Islamic global network sponsored by the United...
The Radical Islamic Movement in Indonesia: Roots and Factors
KALAM, 2019
Radicalism has become one of the recent world problems faced by many countries, including Indonesia. The radical movement in this country is growing rapidly, especially after the reformation era. The spirit of democracy has provided opportunities for radical Islamic groups to express their beliefs openly and use religious symbols in their religious and social movements. This article aims to analyze the historical roots of radicalism in Indonesia and the factors that influence it. This article uses descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study indicate that the radical movement in Indonesia can be traced from the tendency of groups trying to realize the Islamic State system (the khilafah) in Indonesia. This tendency can be found in several radical groups such as Darul Islam (DI/TII), Jama'ah Islamiyah, Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), Laskar Jihad, Laskar Jundullah, Laskar Fisabilillah, Islamic Defender Fronts (FPI), and Preparatory Committee for the Application of Isl...
The Role of the State in the Formation of Moderate Islam in Indonesia
Jurnal Sosiologi Agama, 2014
This paper examines the role of state in shaping the notion of moderate Islam in Indonesia within the context of responding to the rise of terrorism. The aftermath of Suharto's authoritarian regime, Indonesia faces the threat of terrorist attacks from within and outside the country span from 9/11 bombing in the US to Bali bombings. Those aforementioned events have shaped the state behaviors toward Islam in Indonesia. In this regard, the notion of moderate Islam is more than just a theological or political preference. It is a notion that emerges from the context of eradicating terrorist threat. This paper argues that the massive events of terrorist attacks in home and abroad have created condition where the state has come up with the notion of moderate Islam not only as a means of inclusions for Muslim groups but also to acquire "legitimacy" for the project of counterterrorism run by the state. Current studies on Islam and the state have undermined the role of the state in appropriating the notion of moderate Islam. Additionally, studies on Islam in Indonesia whether it is seen as theological or political preferences is captured from below meaning that Muslim society is conceived as such (radical, moderate, conservative and so forth). This study investigates the state's programs such as Inter-religious dialogue, Seminars, establishing Muslim groups of anti-terrorism, and issuing fatwa on terrorism by MUI.
Between a rock and a hard place - radical Islam in post-Suharto Indonesia
Indonesia provides a fruitful case study of differences between radicalization processes in liberal and authoritarian regimes. Political Science hereby tends to emphasize regime type as the determinant of Islamist political strategy (radical, militant or moderate) and therefore as the main explanatory factor for radicalization processes. Although this is true of the role of Islamists in various Middle Eastern countries, where electoral participation has moderated political programs and strategies, it is of little relevance to Indonesia. The democratic opening in 1998 provided Islamists with new opportunities to participate in electoral politics, and even become co-opted by formally “secular” forces, but at the same time opened up spaces for militant, radical Islamist groups. Whereas radical Islam faced severe state repression under Suharto’s New Order, we now find a highly ambiguous relationship between the state and radical Islamists, expressed in operational terms as a parallelism of repression and cooptation. This article tries to make sense of the relationship between the post-authoritarian state and radical Islam in Indonesia by transcending the institution-centered understanding of the role of Islam through an examination of the configurations of social forces that have determined the shape, scope, and practices of radical Islam within Indonesia’s new experiment with democracy.
Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Indonesia (JSAI)
One of the most arduous challenges in the development of Indonesian democracy has been the political contestation between the hardline Islamists vs. secular nationalists. This paper describes how the Indonesian governments dealt with this conflict due to the growing Islamic conservatism and the midst of democratization. For this purpose, this paper examines the controversial government policies during the administration of Soekarno, Soeharto, Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), and Joko Widodo, who governed Indonesia for at least two terms. The analysis of the data collected from various media and research publications describes and compares the political approaches of these presidents in dealing with hardline Islamic movements. Soekarno had to end his primary reliance on democratic debates that resulted in no agreement by issuing an authoritarian decree allowing him to ban the most powerful Islamist party – Masyumi. Soeharto, who implemented iron-fist policies against the Islamists, c...
Radicalism in The Perspective of Islamic Populism: Trajectory of Political Islam in Indonesia
Journal of Indonesia Islam, Volume 7, Number 2, 2013
This article aims to analyze radicalism movement in Indonesia from Islamic-Populism perspective. In various academic studies about Islam, radicalism is perceived as an act of violence and terrorism. However, the study of radicalism was not always generating both premises. Populism sees many aggressive measure perpetuated by Muslims against the authoritarian regime is also a source of radicalism. Likewise, the absence of Muslim representation in formal politics has resulted in violence. In Islamic countries, global caliphate and/or implementation of sharia, which have been claimed as the purpose of radical Muslims, actually is the strategy to free themselves from the authoritarian forces. This article will examine deeper onto the dynamics of power of populism within radical groups in Indonesia. This article argues that radical Islamism is deeply connected to local and global histories of Islamist movements. Through the perspective of Islamic-populism, it is found out that radicalism emerged from the spirit of liberation to free Muslims from economic inequality and political marginalization.
This paper examines Islamic radicalism particularly in Indonesia in terms of its roots and strategies of action. While focusing on the Jama'ah Islamiyah (JI, lit. " Islamic Community ") as the larger subject of discussion, it takes Ar Rahmah Media Network with its print publication of Jihad Magazine (Jihadmagz) in particular as the case of study. The paper argues that the emergence of Islamic radicalism is mainly triggered by the combination of the ruling regime's political repression, crucial socioeconomic deprivation, globalisation, and Arabia support. Also, it further argues that there is a shift of strategies among activists of radical Muslims in delivering their messages as well as in conducting their radical actions.
Understanding The Radicalism Movement In Indonesia: A Conflict Approach to the Rise of Terrorism
AJIS: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies, 2017
There is an ideology in every movement. Of course, that ideology that constructs the pattern of organizational movement. This phenomenon is an assumption in this paper, and will be broadly elaborated . In particularly; This study will describe the genealogy, reason, and patterns of salafism movement in Indonesia. The reason why this study seeks to understand the theme because the movement of salafism in Indonesia has emerged dramatically. It can be understood from the acts of terrorism that occurred. There are at least 4 acts of terrorism in 2000; 3 acts of terrorism in 2001; And 1 acts of terrorism in the 2000 Bali bombing which Is the most dramatic act of terrorism and the bombing action at J.W. Marriot hotel in 2003. These acts of terrorism are facts which suggest that the movement of salafism flourished in Indonesia. The data also encourages the study of why terrorism appears in Indonesia? What are the reasons? What is the root of the movement of salafism in Indonesia? The quest...