The social and clinical correlates of typhoid fever infection in Zaria, Northern Nigeria (original) (raw)
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The_Social and Clinical Correlates of Typhoid Fever Infection In Zaria Nigeria
African Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 2008
The study was carried out to assess the socio-demographic and clinical variables in typhoid infection in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Such parameters as age, sex, occupation and places of residence as well as the prescription pattern for typhoid treatment were evaluated. This retrospective, non experimental study involved the collection of case records (files) of patients admitted in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria for typhoid fever for a five-year period. Retrieval of the data was done manually. A total of 118 cases were analyzed, some of the records required for analysis were missing, and were excluded. Most of the typhoid infections studied (66.5%) occurred during the rainy season in Zaria (May – November) with 40.7% of cases at the beginning of the rainy season (May/June). More females (55.3%), of all age and occupational groups were affected with higher incidences in young adults and students. Most of the patients (66.5%) were urban dwellers and the incidence between patients using well water and tap water was similar. Ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics; chloramphenicol use is still relatively common despite the 12.4% mortality and 28% relapse rate recorded. The findings of this study highlight the public health and social services challenges of typhoid infection in the Zaria metropolis. Communities, health authorities and governments should therefore focus more attention on preventive measures in view of the high costs of these newer antibiotics which now form the core of treatment of typhoid fever. Most patients will find this treatment modality unaffordable, taking into cognizance the socioeconomic environment of Zaria. Keywords: Antibiotics, enteric fever, preventive measures for typhoid fever, typhoid fever
This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of typhoid fever in Aba, Abia state amongst different socio-demographic groups such as gender, age groups, marital status, source of water and occupation. The study was conducted in five hospitals in Aba, Abia State namely: Janet Memorial Hospital, St. Pauls' Hospital, New Era Hospital, Dr. Uwalaka General Hospital and Maternity and the Living Word Mission Hospital. Multiple choice questionnaires were administered to one hundred (100) each of the five study areas making a total of five hundred (500) patients who sought medical attention for typhoid fever from the listed hospitals. Analyses of the questionnaires were carried out based on the socio-demographic variables considered in its design and values were expressed as a percentage of the sample size for each hospital. Highest occurrence of typhoid fever were observed among these socio-demographic groups studied in the other presented as follows; patients who relied on borehole water for drinking had the highest occurrence at 46.0%, follows by female gender 45.0%, married individuals 42.0%, patients of age group (22 -45 years) 27.0% and people with occupation as students 27.0%. From the result of this study, It can be concluded that socio-demographic factors studied influenced the distribution pattern of typhoid fever among the populace in Aba, Abia State and patients whose source of water for drinking is borehole are most affected (46%) by typhoid fever while age group 22 -45 years and patients with occupation as students were both least affected (27%). These findings have a huge implication on the implementation of typhoid control measures and highlight the need of intensive educational campaigns to ensure adherence to the practice of personal hygiene in general. As a public health preventive measure, intensive community health education needs to be integrated into the typhoid fever control measure in Aba South Eastern Nigeria.
The Social and Clinical Correlates of Typhoid Fever in Zaria, nortern Nigeria
The study was carried out to assess the socio-demographic and clinical variables in typhoid infection in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Such parameters as age, sex, occupation and places of residence as well as the prescription pattern for typhoid treatment were evaluated. This retrospective, non experimental study involved the collection of case records (files) of patients admitted in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria for typhoid fever for a five-year period. Retrieval of the data was done manually. A total of 118 cases were analyzed, some of the records required for analysis were missing, and were excluded. Most of the typhoid infections studied (66.5%) occurred during the rainy season in Zaria (May -November) with 40.7% of cases at the beginning of the rainy season (May/June). More females (55.3%), of all age and occupational groups were affected with higher incidences in young adults and students. Most of the patients (66.5%) were urban dwellers and the incidence between patients using well water and tap water was similar. Ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics; chloramphenicol use is still relatively common despite the 12.4% mortality and 28% relapse rate recorded. The findings of this study highlight the public health and social services challenges of typhoid infection in the Zaria metropolis. Communities, health authorities and governments should therefore focus more attention on preventive measures in view of the high costs of these newer antibiotics which now form the core of treatment of typhoid fever. Most patients will find this treatment modality unaffordable, taking into cognizance the socioeconomic environment of Zaria.
Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2024
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening public health disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. The disease is a significant health concern in underdeveloped and most developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa (including Nigeria). The study was aimed at determining the prevalence and Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria.
2013
The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the four year trend of the infection in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State using hospital-based data. Hospital records of those who attended the General Hospital Etinan for medical attention was collected and collated. The four year cumulative prevalence of Salmonella infection was 63.8% (58.0% for males and 68.2% for females), Prevalence was significantly higher among females than among males (x2-test; p < 0.05). Prevalence was comparable in all the years except for the year 2001, which had a significantly higher prevalence than that of each of the other years (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). A comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in each of the age groups between 2000 and 2003 showed that in 2001, there was significantly high prevalence (up to 80%) in the first two age groups, 0-4 years and 5-9 years, unlike in the other years where prevalence in the same age groups ranged fro...
International Journal on Data Science and Technology
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that spread through contaminated food or water, affecting many organs in human body; it has raised a very serious health threat in some developing nation, especially in Nigeria. This work is based on the statistical study of typhoid fever patients admitted at Bishop Shanahan hospital for a period of five years from January 2012 through December 2016. The data for the study was collected from in-patients record files of the above mentioned hospital. The data was presented according to duration of stay of patients in the hospital, gender of the patients, type of typhoid fever each patient suffers from and age of the patients respectively. It was also observed from the figure that age brackets of 19-36 are prone to typhoid fever than other brackets but people who are 73 years of age and above stay longer in the hospital as a result of weak immunity due to old age. Chi-square test of independency was used to analyze the data and it was found that duration of stay of typhoid fever patients is independent of gender of the patient but is dependent on type of typhoid fever patient suffers from, age and the doctor that attended to the patients.
The study was conducted to estimate the incidence of typhoid fever among patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) Laboratory, Kano, Nigeria, in the month of October, 2011. 115 Patients blood sample from various units of the Hospital where used. These units include GOPD, D/care, POPD, A/E etc. The Serum Were prepared from the blood samples and widal test was carried out using slide screen method for the detection of agglutination in serum samples. The results obtained are; (87 %) are positive to typhoid fever infection, (13%) are negative. Statistical analysis has shown that there was no significant difference between females and males typhoid fever positive on the bases of sex distribution of the patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital laboratory, for typhoid fever diagnosis in October, 2011.
2014
Abstract- The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of typhoid fever by Salmonella typhii and the four year trend of the infection in Etinan, Akwa Ibom State using hospital-based data. Hospital records of those who attended the General Hospital Etinan for medical attention was collected and collated. The four year cumulative prevalence of Salmonella infection was 63.8% (58.0 % for males and 68.2 % for females), Prevalence was significantly higher among females than among males (x2-test; p < 0.05). Prevalence was comparable in all the years except for the year 2001, which had a significantly higher prevalence than that of each of the other years (x2-test; p < 0.05 for all the tests). A comparison of the prevalence of Salmonella typhi in each of the age groups between 2000 and 2003 showed that in 2001, there was significantly high prevalence (up to 80%) in the first two age groups, 0-4 years and 5-9 years, unlike in the other years where prevalence in the same age group...
Typhoid Fever Epidemic - South-eastern Nigeria experience
1994
In recent times, there has been a state of public alarm and panic in S. E. Nigeria over a febrile illness, purported to be typhoid. Clinical and laboratory bases for the diagnosis of typhoid fever were reviewed. The specificity and reliability of the widal test as a serological diagnostic tool was revisited in 640 normal sera and 677 clinical specimens. Titres of 80 occurred in more than 5% of normal Sera in the area. Tires above 80 were therefore suggested as possible evidence of typhoid fever. Of the 677 clinical samples processed in the laboratory between 1992 and 1993, only 6.8% had titres above 80. Investigation revealed as gross abuse of the Widal test arising from over reporting and wrong interpretation. This has led to an abuse of antibiotics particularly chloramphenicol.
Typhoid Fever: Tracking the Trend in Nigeria
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Typhoid fever continues to pose a serious health challenge in developing countries. A reliable database on positive blood cultures is essential for prompt interventions. To generate reliable data on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi)-positive blood culture trends in typhoidal Salmonella in Nigeria alongside changing contextual factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Lagos between 1993 and 2015. Medical records of typhoid patients were reviewed for positive culture and antibiogram, using standard procedures and analyzed. Additional data were retrieved from a previous study in seven facilities in Abuja and three hospitals in Kano from 2008 to 2017 and 2013 to 2017, respectively. A declining trend in percent positivity of S. Typhi was observed in Abuja with more erratic trends in Lagos and Kano. In Lagos, more than 80% of the isolates from the entire study period exhibited multiple drug resistance with a generally increasing trend. Of the chosen contextual factors, improvements were recorded in female literacy, access to improved water supply, diarrheal mortality in children younger than 5 years, gross domestic product, and poverty while access to improved sanitation facilities decreased over time nationally. Typhoid fever still poses a serious health challenge in Nigeria and in antibiotic resistance, and is a major health security issue. A combined approach that includes the use of typhoid vaccines, improvements in sanitation, and safe water supply is essential.