Allium Sativum Linn. Contains Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates That Alter Membrane Fluidity for the Inhibition of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37RA (original) (raw)
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Antitubercular activities of five Medicinal Plants against Two Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2013
Summary The antitubercular properties of aqueous methanol extracts of five plant were evaluated in vitro on Middlebrook 7H11 medium against two strains (clinical and H37Rv) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis simultaneously and observed for 12 weeks. Rifampicin and isoniazid were used as positive controls. Of the five plant extracts screened against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain, Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyx) was the most active with MIC value of 3.125 mg/mL. The M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was susceptible to rifampicin and isoniazid at MIC value of 0.04 mg/mL and 5.0 x 10 -5 mg/mL, respectively. The aqueous methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyx), Musa nana (leaf) and Psidium guajava (stembark) had the highest inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis clinical strain with an MIC of 0.025 mg/mL. An inhibition of growth by these plant extracts was observed in both M. tuberculosis clinical and H37Rv strains. This confirms their ethnomedicinal use of the plants for the management of ...
Antibiotics
The bulbs of Allium species are a known source of antibacterial phytochemicals. Anti-infective, efflux pump and biofilm inhibitory activities of bulb extracts of selected Ghanaian shallots Allium cepa var aggregatum were evaluated using the HT-SPOTi assay and other whole-cell phenotypic screening techniques to determine their possible mechanisms of action. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of white A. cepa inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 and Escherichia coli, respectively. The majority of the Allium extracts significantly (p < 0.05) exhibited efflux pump inhibitory activity against all the acid-fast, Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains used. Hexane and chloroform extract of the pink A. cepa and the aqueous extract of the white A. cepa significantly inhibited M. smegmatis biofilm formation. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the inhibition was observed at 250 µg/mL for the aqueous extract (~77.34%) and 125 µg/mL for the hexane extract (~76.51%). The results suggest...
The Indian journal of medical research, 2010
Emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has further complicated the problem of tuberculosis (TB) control. Medicinal plants offer a hope for developing alternate medicines for the treatment of TB. The present study was done to evaluate in vitro anti-tubercular activity of five medicinal plants viz., Acalypha indica, Adhatoda vasica, Allium cepa, Allium sativum and Aloe vera. Aqueous extracts of leaves of A. indica, A. vasica, bulbs of A. cepa, cloves of A. sativum and pure gel of A. vera leaves, were tested in vitro for their activity against two MDR isolates (DKU-156 and JAL-1236), reference susceptible strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv as well as rapid grower mycobacterial pathogen M. fortuitum (TMC-1529) using Lowenstein Jensen (L-J) medium and colorimetric BacT/ ALERT 3D system. Activity in L-J medium was evaluated by percentage inhibition which was calculated by mean reduction in number of colonies on extract ...
Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2010
Alpinia purpurata or red ginger was studied for its phytochemical constituents as part of our growing interest on Philippine Zingiberaceae plants that may exhibit antimycobacterial activity. The hexane and dichloromethane subextracts of the leaves were fractionated and purified using silica gel chromatography to afford a mixture of C 28 -C 32 fatty alcohols, a 3-methoxyflavone and two steroidal glycosides. The two latter metabolites were spectroscopically identified as kumatakenin (1), sitosteryl-3-O-6-palmitoyl-β-D-glucoside (2) and β-sitosteryl galactoside (3) using ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), electron impact mass spectrometer (EIMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, and by comparison with literature data. This study demonstrates for the first time the isolation of these constituents from A. purpurata. In addition to the purported anti-inflammatory activity, its phytomedicinal potential to treat tuberculosis is also described.
Potential of plant extracts against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an integrative review
Peer Review, 2023
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the main cause of tuberculosis. For decades, new forms of treatment and new ways of dealing with the growing resistance acquired by this bacterium to first-line drugs have been studied. Medicinal plants are a source of new bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential. Objective: to investigate which plant species have already been tested and which main secondary metabolites are active against MTB. Methodology: an integrative review that included in vitro experimental studies, carried out around the world, that used medicinal plant extracts to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity by microdilution, with identification of major compounds, against MTB, between 2011 and 2021, the Web of Science and PubMed were used and the descriptors "medicinal plants AND against AND MTB". Results: 20 species of plants with antimycobacterial activities were found. Four stood out with MIC<10 µg/mL. The variety of secondary metabolites was determinant for antimycobacterial activity, highlighting alkaloids, terpenes and phenolic compounds. Conclusion: the number of secondary metabolites obtained in the extraction is decisive in the antimycobacterial activity.
Anti-tuberculosis activity of commonly used medicinal plants of south India
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a major health problem in developing countries including India. Due to increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, there is an urgent need of finding newer anti-mycobacterial agents to combat this problem. Natural sources provide numerous examples of interesting secondary metabolites with anti mycobacterial activity, indicating that natural products could be a rewarding field for the discovery of new anti-TB leads. In the present study, aqueous extracts and ethanolic extracts of selected medicinal plants used as spices (Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum verum) were observed to have anti-TB activity against M. tuberculosis H37Ra and (Zingiber officinale, Camellia sinensis, Curcuma longa, Elettaria cardamomum) had poor/no activity against M. tuberculosis H37Ra. The growth and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (µg/ml) in which the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of medicinal plants inhibits M. tuberculosis H37Ra by microplate Alamar blue assay (MABA) method after 7 days of incubation at 37°C were reco rded, and according to our results, A. sativum, A. cepa, S. aromaticum, C. verum could be used as adjuvant therapy for TB.
Pharmacognosy Magazine
Background: Long duration of treatment, side-effects of currently used anti-tubercular drugs and emergence of drug-resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) warrants the need to develop new drugs to tackle the scourge of tuberculosis (TB). Garlic is an edible plant reported to have anti-tubercular activity. However, previous researches on anti-tubercular effect of garlic were focused mostly on preliminary in vitro screening. Objective: To identify constituents responsible for anti-tubercular activity of thiosulfinate-derivative rich extract of garlic (GE) and to evaluate activity of the most active constituent in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (MTBH). Materials and Methods: In the present study, we have isolated eight compounds from GE by flash chromatography. The isolated compounds were characterized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Individual isolates and GE were screened for activity against MTBH by Resazurin Microtitre Plate Assay (REMA). Results: Anti-tubercular activity of GE was superior to that of isolates when evaluated by REMA, possibly due to synergism amongst the constituents of GE. Cytotoxicity of GE was evaluated in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells and it was observed that GE had a favorable selectivity index (>10). Therefore, anti-tubercular activity of GE was further evaluated by intracellular macrophage infection model. GE demonstrated concentration-dependent activity in macrophages infected with MTBH. Conclusion: This is the first report on intracellular anti-tubercular activity of any extract of garlic or its components. Appreciable intracellular anti-tubercular activity of GE in macrophages combined with low cytotoxicity makes it a suitable candidate for further development as an anti-tubercular agent.
Phytochemical evaluation and anti-tuberculosis activity of selected nine ethnomedicinal plants
International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2017
Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious disease and health burden in the world. It has been estimated that, one third of world's population including 40% from India estimated to be infected with tuberculosis. As plants are the important sources of diverse range of bioactive principles. The revival of interests in plant derived drugs is mainly due to the current widespread belief that green medicine is safe and more dependable than expensive synthetic drugs, which have adverse side. In this study nine healthy plants with medicinally potential were collected and different extracts were prepare to evaluate its phytochemical study and anti-tubercular activity on Mycobacterium smegmatis using two different models. There are many similarities between Mycobacterium smegmatis and the much more virulent obligate pathogens that are Mycobacteria. On the basis of both the models, form nine selected plants three plants A. vasika, O. sanctum and A. galanga shows maximum anti-tuberculosis activity at the MIC 100 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml respectively. The present study has revealed the importance of plant extracts to control Mycobacterial infections which are being a threat to human health and for the development of alternate, safe and effective medicines.
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016
Context: The bulb of Allium sativum Linn (Alliaceae) has numerous medicinal values. Though the petroleum ether extract of the bulb has shown to exhibit antimycobacterial activity, the phytochemical(s) responsible for this inhibitory activity is not known. Objective: To characterize the bioactive compounds in the petroleum ether extract of Allium sativum (garlic) that inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Materials and methods: Bioactivity-guided fractionation was employed to isolate the bioactive compounds. Antimycobacterial activity was evaluated by well-diffusion method and microplate alamar blue assay (MABA). Infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the bioactive compounds. Autodock was used to obtain information on molecular recognition, and molecular dynamics simulation was performed using GROMACS. Results: The bioactive compounds that inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Ra were found to be lauric acid (LA) and myristic acid (MA). The minimal inhibitory concentration of LA and MA was found to be 22.2 and 66.7 lg/mL, respectively. In silico analysis revealed that these fatty acids could bind at the cleft between the N-terminal and C-terminal lobes of the cytosolic domain of serine/threonine protein kinase B (PknB). Discussion and conclusion: The inhibition activity was dependent on the alkyl chain length of the fatty acid, and the amino acid residues involved in binding to fatty acid was found to be conserved across the Pkn family of proteins. The study indicates the possibility of using fatty acid derivatives, involving Pkn family of proteins, to inhibit the signal transduction processes in M. tuberculosis.
International journal of applied research, 2015
Emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has further complicated the problem of tuberculosis (TB) control. There is a basic need to look at alternative anti-TB agents. Medicinal plants present an anticipation for developing alternate medicines for the treatment of TB. Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the natural plant which possesses variety of biological properties like anti-tumor, antihyperlipidemic and antimicrobial etc. The present study was completed to evaluate in vitro anti-tubercular activity of garlic against MDR, XDR and reference strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Ethanolic extract of garlic was set by maceration method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed by using 7H9 middle brook broth dilution technique on 48 MDR isolates out of total 230 clinical isolates of MTB and reference strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. MIC of garlic extract was ranged from 0.5 to 2 mg/ml, showing inhibitory...