A review on first principles based studies for improvement of cathode material of lithium ion batteries (original) (raw)
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Comparative Issues of Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries
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After an introduction to lithium insertion compounds and the principles of Li-ion cells, we present a comparative study of the physical and electrochemical properties of positive electrodes used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Electrode materials include three different classes of lattices according to the dimensionality of the Li + ion motion in them: olivine, layered transition-metal oxides and spinel frameworks. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared with emphasis on synthesis difficulties, electrochemical stability, faradaic performance and security issues.
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This article reviews the development of cathode materials for secondary lithium ion batteries since its inception with the introduction of lithium cobalt oxide in early 1980s. The time has passed and numerous cathode materials are designed and developed to realize not only the enhanced capacity but also the power density simultaneously. However, there are numerous challenges such as the cyclic stability of cathode materials, their structural and thermal stability, higher operating voltage together with high ionic and electronic conductivity for efficient ion and charge transport during charging and discharging. This article will cover the development of materials in chronological order classifying as the lithium ion cathode materials in different generations. The ternary oxides such as LiTMOx (TM=Transition Metal) are considered as the first generation materials, whereas modified ternary and quaternary oxide systems are considered as the second generation materials. The current i.e....
PROMISING CATHODE MATERIALS FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES: A REVIEW
Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2023
The lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is getting particular attention because of its effectiveness in small-scale-electronic products such as watches, calculators, torchlights, or mobile phones through to large-scale power systems such as automobiles, trains, ships, submarines, or airplanes. LIBs are widely applied due to their advantages which make them unique. They exhibit greater energy density than other types of rechargeable batteries. LIBs are lightweight with a limited rate of charge loss, a greater number of charge/discharge cycles, no complete discharge is needed, and LIBs function at a higher voltage than other rechargeable batteries. However, LIB is suffering from many disadvantages such as the high risk of bursting, high cost compared to other batteries, battery deterioration after a complete discharge, high sensitivity to high temperatures (fast degradation when exposed to heat), poor rate of capability, very limited lifespan (2-3 years) and not available in standard cells sizes like others. A good choice of cathode materials leads to enhanced performance in LIBs. This work involves a deep comprehension of Liion transport, as well as the mechanism of charge and discharge in LIBs. The impact of the electrode surface and a brief review of the advanced cathode materials for LIBs have been also reported. This work aims to review the latest research works and the progress of advanced cathode materials helping to make higherperformance LIBs for future generations.
Identification of cathode materials for lithium batteries guided by first-principles calculations
1998
Lithium batteries have the highest energy density of all rechargeable batteries and are favoured in applications where low weight or small volume are desired-for example, laptop computers, cellular telephones and electric vehicles 1 . One of the limitations of present commercial lithium batteries is the high cost of the LiCoO 2 cathode material. Searches for a replacement material that, like LiCoO 2 , intercalates lithium ions reversibly have covered most of the known lithium/transition-metal oxides, but the number of possible mixtures of these 2-5 is almost limitless, making an empirical search labourious and expensive. Here we show that first-principles calculations can instead direct the search for possible cathode materials. Through such calculations we identify a large class of new candidate materials in which non-transition metals are substituted for transition metals. The replacement with non-transition metals is driven by the realization that oxygen, rather than transition-metal ions, function as the electron acceptor upon insertion of Li. For one such material, Li(Co,Al)O 2 , we predict and verify experimentally that aluminium substitution raises the cell voltage while decreasing both the density of the material and its cost.
Study of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and New Challenges
Inorganics
Amongst a number of different cathode materials, the layered nickel-rich LiNi y Co x Mn 1−y−x O 2 and the integrated lithium-rich xLi 2 MnO 3 •(1 − x)Li[Ni a Co b Mn c ]O 2 (a + b + c = 1) have received considerable attention over the last decade due to their high capacities of~195 and~250 mAh•g −1 , respectively. Both materials are believed to play a vital role in the development of future electric vehicles, which makes them highly attractive for researchers from academia and industry alike. The review at hand deals with both cathode materials and highlights recent achievements to enhance capacity stability, voltage stability, and rate capability, etc. The focus of this paper is on novel strategies and established methods such as coatings and dopings.
A review of cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
SoutheastCon 2016, 2016
Lithium ion batteries are one of the most commercially sought after energy storages today. Their application widely spans from Electric Vehicle (EV) to portable devices. Their lightness and high energy density makes them commercially viable. More research is being conducted to better select the materials for the anode and cathode parts of Lithium (Li) ion cell. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing and potential developments in the materials used for the making of the best cathodes, anodes and electrolytes for the Liion batteries such that maximum efficiency can be tapped. Observed challenges in selecting the right set of materials is also described in detail. This paper also provides a brief history of battery technology and their wide applicability in the energy market today, the chemistry and principle of operation behind the batteries, and their potential applications even beyond the energy sector. Safety concerns related to Li-ion batteries have also been taken into account considering recent events.