Evaluation of microbial infections of ear and their susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital (original) (raw)
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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
The objective of this study was to know the bacteriological profile and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern of ear infection in patients attending tertiary care hospital & to study the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the above isolates. Ear swabs were collected & immediately processed. A total of 80 patients prescription were collected over a period of 7 months comprising 42 males and 38 females. Out of these, Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) was the most common disease & maximum number of cases was from the age group 21 to 30 years 22 cases (27.5%). Out of total 80 specimens 11 shows no growth of organism while 69 specimens shows growth of one or two organisms. Out of 69 growths, 58 shows single isolate and 11 shows two isolates. , Pseudomonas, Proteus, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella & Enterobacter species were the most common Gram-negative bacteria isolated followed by Staphylococcus aureus & CONS Gram-positive bacteria.
SpringerPlus, 2016
Ear infection linked with frequent antibiotic prescription, hearing impairment, severe disability and death is a public health threat in developing countries. However, there is scarcity of documented data in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed at determining bacterial etiologic agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients of all age groups referred to Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center. Retrospective data recorded on culture and antimicrobial susceptibility profile were retrieved for analysis. Pus swabs from discharging ears collected and processed for aerobic bacteria culture and susceptibility testing. Of the total 368 pus swab samples processed, 296 (80.4 %) were culture positive. Of which, 289 (97.6 %) were bacteria and 7 (2.4 %) were yeast cells. The proportion of ear infection was higher in males (92.7 %) than females (65 %) (P = 0.014). The frequency of ear infection below 21 years of age was 65.2 %. The predominant isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29.7 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (26.3 %) and Proteus spp. (21.9 %). High level of antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin and penicillin whereas ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin and amikacin were found effective against the isolated bacteria. Aerobic bacterial otitis media linked with high levels of resistance against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin is major health problem in the study area. Moreover, considerable level of oxacillin resistant S. aureus suggests the diffusion of methicillin resistant S. aureus in the community. Therefore, treatment of otitis media in the study area needs to be guided by antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates.
Otitis media (OM) is a major health problem in both developed and developing countries. This study taken to determine the pattern of bacterial isolates in Patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in Latur District, Maharashtra (India). A prospective study carried out in dept. of Microbiology, Govt. Medical College, latur among consenting patients with CSOM attending the ENT department over a period of 10 months. Informed consent was obtained from the patients for this study and microbiological analysis done. A total of 168 patients aged 5-70 years with chronic suppurative otitis media were accounted and total 201 bacteria isolated from ear discharge of 168 paients. In the present study, gram-negative bacteria were the dominant isolates (59.7%) while gram positive bacteria were 81(40.3%) The most Common causal organisms isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 57 (28.35) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 49 (24.37%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 26(12.93 %), Klebsiella spp. 23(11.44 %).this study indicates the antibiogram trends of the most predominant bacterial isolates in otitis media. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus showed high resistant rate (73.6-89.4%) to, tetracycline, Erythromycin and amoxicillin.while P. aeruginosa demonstrated 96.5 % sensitivity to norfloxacin and low level of resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Children are more susceptible to ear infection than adults worldwide especially in developing countries. In Bangladesh like other developing countries antibiotics is a common choice of treatment in an ear infection. This study was sought to determine causative agents both in right and left ear infection and their antibacterial susceptibility pattern from patients with an ear infection. Specimens of ear discharge were collected aseptically using a sterile swab and cultured on MacConkey's agar, blood agar and chocolate agar. After inoculating on appropriate culture media bacterial isolates were identified by their colony morphology, culture characteristics, Gram reaction and biochemical tests. In this study, a total of 70 positive cases of patients were included. Among these 27 (38.6%) were male, and 43(61.4%) were female. The prevalence of ear infection was significantly high in females (61.4%) than males (38.6%). The predominant bacterial isolates from positive culture were Staphylococcus aureus 43(61.4%), followed by Pseudomonas spp., 13 (18.6%), Streptococcus spp., 8(11.4%), Proteus spp., 5(7.2%), and Klebsiella spp., 1(1.4%). The antibacterial agent like Amikacin and Gentamicin showed high level of antibacterial effect on all identified bacterial isolates. On the other hand, 98.6% of isolates were found highly resistant to Co-Trimoxazole and Flucoxacillin. Moreover, Streptococcus spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas spp., were highly resistant to multiple drugs (more than 4). A high degree of antibiotic resistance was observed among most of the drugs used in this study. However, Amikacin and Gentamicin were highly effective against the isolated bacterial species. Therefore, culture and susceptibility tests are vital for the appropriate treatment of ear infection.
A prospective study on pattern of microbes in chronic suppurative otitis media
International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common chronic ear disease causing serious local damage and complications. Irrational use of antibiotics for its management has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. This study was conducted to find out the microbial profile and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in CSOM patients in Garhwal belt.Methods: A total number of 100 patients of clinically diagnosed CSOM were enrolled over the duration of 1 year. Ear discharge was collected using sterile swabs and processed for the identification of aerobes, anaerobes and fungal isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed. Results: Maximum incidence of CSOM was observed in patients of 10–20 years age group with female preponderance. Decreased hearing was the main associated symptom. Out of 100 swabs, microbial growth was obtained in 88 samples amongst which 61 had monomicrobial growth while 39 had polymicrobial growth. Pseudomonas...
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a condition of middle ear characterized by recurrent or persistent discharge through a chronic perforation of tympanic membrane. CSOM causes mild to moderate conductive hearing loss in more than 50% of cases. As there is mild to moderate conductive deafness, this in turn in children is likely to affect language and cognitive development. CSOM produces chronic mastoiditis by contiguous spread. If untreated it can lead to irreversible local destruction of middle ear structures and various intracranial and extra cranial complications. The organisms causing CSOM and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics varies in different regions and also changes over time. Therefore it is important to study the organisms causing CSOM and their susceptibility pattern at regular intervals to see the pattern of organisms prevalent in patients with CSOM in that particular region and their antibiotic susceptibility to start empherical treatment for patients with CSOM by clinicians. Objectives: To determine the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of organisms causing chronic suppurative otitis media. Materials and Methods: Ear swabs collected from patients of suspected CSOMduring the period of 1 year from January 2018 to December 2018 were included in the study. Samples were processed for routine microscopy and culture and the organisms were identified by standard methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done as per CLSI (Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram’s stain and biochemical reactions and antibiotic susceptibility tests performed by CLSI recommended by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 132 ear swab samples, 114 yielded growth. 18 samples showed no growth. Most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus 43(37.7%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 32(28.1%). Other organisms isolated include Klebsiella spp12(10.6%), Coagulase negative staphylococci 11(9.6%), Proteus spp 8(7%), E scherichia coli 5(4.4%) and Citrobacter spp 3(2.6%). Amikacin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin were found to be effective against most of Gram positive and negative organisms. Conclusion: CSOM is a disease of middle ear which if not given timely treatment can lead to irreversible ear damage and intracranial and extracranial complications. Identification of organisms causing CSOM and appropriate antibiotic sensitivity pattern is helpful in the treatment of CSOM and reduce complications. Hence in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, the knowledge of bacterial organisms causing CSOM and their antimicrobial pattern in that particular area help clinicians in choosing appropriate antibiotics for the empherical treatment of CSOM.
Infection and Drug Resistance
Background: An ear infection is responsible for up to 40% of preventable hearing impairment; one of the reasons for frequent and unwise antibiotic usage, especially in the developing world. Since the incidence of antibiotic resistance is increasing, especially in resource-limited countries, up-to-date knowledge on the susceptibility of ear-discharge isolates to antibiotic is important for better patient treatment. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the bacterial etiologies and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles among patients suspected with ear infections. Methods: We collected retrospective data from bacteriological results of ear discharge samples from 2013 to 2018. Sample collection, culture preparation, and bacterial identification were performed using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. We extracted and inputted the data using Epi-info version 7 and exported it to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Results: The overall ear-discharge culture positivity rate was 283/369 (76.7%) (95% CI = 72.4-81.3), with 14/283 (4.95%) mixed infections. Staphylococcus aureus (27.9%), Proteus spps (20.8%), Streptococcus spps (10%), and Pseudomonas spps (8.92%) were the main isolates. High-level resistance rates for tetracycline (77.6%), penicillins (67.2%), erythromycin (52.6%), and co-trimoxazole (52%), and low-level resistance rates for fluoroquinolones (23.3%), aminoglycosides (23.7%), and cephalosporins (29.8%) were observed. More than 45% of isolates, with 50.9% of Gram-negative and 37.3% of Gram-positive, were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the leading cause of ear infections. The presence of high number of multidrug-resistant strains calls for the need for periodic and continuous follow-up of antibiotic usage in the study area. Further studies are recommended to explore the types of ear infections, with their etiologic agents and possible risk factors.
Microbial Assessment of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in a Tertiary Care Center of Rajasthan
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.7\_Issue.2\_Feb2017/IJHSR\_Abstract.019.html, 2017
Introduction: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is defined as infection of the middle ear that lasts for more than three months and is accompanied by otorrhoea and tympanic membrane perforation. Aims: Purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of microbiological agents in CSOM, associated risk factors and establish antimicrobial resistance pattern of these microorganisms. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted after ethical approval by ethical committee in Department of Microbiology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur Rajasthan. Two pus swabs were collected with sterile cotton swabs from CSOM patients attending ENT OPD. Isolation, identification and characterization of bacterial isolate were done by standard phenotypic microbiological procedure. Observations & Results: Out of 150 cases 137(91.34%) was culture positive and 13 (8.66%) no growth (sterile) was obtained. Peak age of presentation was 11-20 years. Out of 150 cases 58% were males and 42% females. Most of these resides in rural area 53.3% and 46.7% belongs to urban area .Among the 150 cases 134 (89.3%) were unilateral while 16 (10.7%) bilateral CSOM patients. Out of total 78% patients already received antibiotic treatment while remaining 22% patients did not receive any treatment. Bacterial isolates were found to be present in 127 (92.7%) cases and rest 10 (7.3%) was Fungal was isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed highest resistance to Ceftazidime and least resistance to imipenem. Staphylococcus aureus showed highest resistance to Methicillin and least resistance to linezolid. Conclusion: The increasing rate Ceftazidime resistance and MRSA in our study is likely due to misuse of antibiotics and decrease concerns about infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria.