Salivary Glucose Level in Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study (original) (raw)
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Can saliva offer an advantage in monitoring of diabetes mellitus? - A case control study
Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2014
Diabetes Mellitus is emerging as a major health problem over these years. Present method of blood glucose monitoring by venepuncture is invasive leading to reduced patient compliance and thereby ineffective judicious monitoring. The need of the hour is to direct research in the direction of establishing painless and more acceptable blood glucose analysis method.The objective of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the concentrations of salivary glucose and blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study assessed glucose levels using the glucose oxidase method in blood and unstimulated saliva in 90 subjects who were divided into 3 equal groups of controlled type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes. Statistical analysis was carried out using one way ANOVA, Post hoc Tukeys tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. Salivary glucose levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes than controls. There was a...
2021
Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of chronic metabolic diseases that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and other related metabolic disturbances. It is caused either by relative/absolute insulin deficiency or cellular resistance to insulin action, or both. Due to delay in the diagnosis process, and fear of the disease and its investigative procedure by some patients, diabetes mellitus has become the major cause of death. The most commonly employed investigative procedure to diagnose diabetes mellitus and controlling glycemia is blood investigation. Unfortunately, the procedure is invasive, painful, and may cause discomfort to patients due to the need for frequent testing. Consequently, a noninvasive, much simpler, and painless procedure is very desirable. Saliva represents an attractive alternative sample and offers a distinct advantage as it can be collected noninvasively and easily without special skill, and is low cost. The present review has found more studies with...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2023
Background: There is alarming rise in number of people with diabetes mellitus over these years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the fifth most common condition and the sixth leading cause of mortality amongst the elderly. Finding a relationship between the blood glucose level and its concentration in other body fluids such as the saliva can help in developing an on invasive method for blood sugar assessment replacing venous sampling. Objective of this study was to see the correlation between fasting blood glucose and fasting salivary glucose levels. Methods: This cross sectional study included 200 randomly selected subjects, of which 100 were known diabetes constituted test group and 100 were normal healthy subjects, age-and sex-matched individuals constituted the controls. Fasting blood glucose and salivary glucose levels were measured by using glucose oxidase peroxidase methods. Data were recorded on a preforma in Microsoft excel sheet. Pearson's coefficient of correlation was applied to find out any significant correlation between the fasting blood glucose and fasting salivary glucose levels. Results: Results were obtained by statistical calculation and plotted with respect to scatter and bar diagram was done and a p<0.05 was considered significant (with 95% CI). Conclusions: A significant positive correlation exists between fasting blood glucose and fasting salivary glucose in both the test groups.
A pilot study on utility of salivary glucose levels to monitor diabetes mellitus
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2018
Aim: To utilize salivary glucose levels as a measure to monitor Diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The fasting whole saliva and serum was collected from 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and were analyzed for glucose. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: In this study a good correlation was observed between salivary and serum glucose levels. Conclusion: Salivary glucose levels can serve as a marker in diagnosing and monitoring type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Salivary glucose, Serum glucose
Validation of salivary glucose as a screening tool of diabetes mellitus
Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine
Background: Improved prognosis and delay of clinical complications in diabetes mellitus can be ensured by early screening and regular monitoring after diagnosis. This requires venipuncture at regular intervals of time causing anxiety and discomfort to the patient. Hence, development of a painless, non-invasive procedure is desirable for which saliva is a potential tool. Also, this would provide easy and cost-effective means for large scale screening and epidemiological intervention. Aim: To measure fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and compare and correlate with salivary glucose levels in normal and diabetic individuals. Also, the correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and salivary glucose is studied in the diabetics and controls. Methods: Blood and salivary glucose was estimated by GOD-POD method and glycated hemoglobin by HPLC. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS 16. Mean, Standard deviation, independent t test, ANOVA (f test), Pearson’s correlation coefficient along with re...
Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences, 2017
Diabetes mellitus is a complex multi-system disorder and is the most common endocrine disorder with potentially devastating complications that affects all age groups worldwide. Currently, a diagnosis of diabetes is achieved by evaluating blood glucose levels. Monitoring blood glucose at frequent intervals causes unnecessary discomfort and mental trauma to patients; therefore, a much simpler and non-invasive technique for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes is very desirable. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 subjects were included (100 subjects in each group).Based on their clinical history, two groups were created; group I (Diabetic patients) & group II (Healthy controls). Both the groups were screened for plasma and salivary glucose levels. Result: The mean values of blood glucose were 115.230mg/dl ±21.4 for control group and 213.546mg/dl±68 for diabetic group. The mean values of salivary glucose were 4.272mg/dl±2.23 for healthy controls and 13.603mg/dl±5.599 for diabetic group. The correlation coefficient between serum glucose and salivary glucose was calculated and the 'r' value was found to be 0.7686, which was highly significant (P value 0.01). It is worth noting that the significance of the study group was much greater than that of the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool in assessment of blood glucose concentration. However further studies with larger and varied sample size are needed to strengthen our results.
International journal of scientific research, 2021
Aim & Objective: To estimate and compare of serum and salivary glucose level in diabetic and non-diabetic patient and saliva can be used as a non invasive diagnostic uid in Diabetic Mellitus patients. Material and method: This comparative cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Dentistry & orthopaedic, Government medical college Jalaun (Orai) U.P. included 100 subjects aged between 30-60 years including both genders (Male & Female) , which were divided into two groups; Group-I (Control): 50 Non-Diabetic Mellitus patients Group-II (Study): 50 Diabetic Mellitus patients. Serum and saliva collected from all participants and analyzed by auto-analyzer, followed by standard solution and the readings were noted, noted reading used for tabulation master chart and statistical analysis done. Results: One way ANOVA student t test with Tukey HSD applied and found highly signicant value in all groups. Mean age was calculated in group I & II respectively ±43.94 & ±44.64 years. In group I, mean value of serum ±90.1 mg/dl & in group II serum glucose level mean was 188.32 mg/dl and salivary glucose level in group I, ±0.34 mg/dl and group II, ±4.52 mg/dl. When comparison was done between group I and group II on the bases of Fasting Serum glucose level respectively 90.1 mg/dl and 188.32 mg/dl and salivary fasting glucose level 0.34 mg/dl and 4.52 mg/dl respectively. Conclusion: On the behalf of present study saliva is non-invasive, cost effective and multiple sampling in one patient diagnostic biological uid in diabetic mellitus, it can also use on large population, easy to collect and process.
Saliva - An Efficient Tool in the Estimation of Glucose Level - A Comparative Study
2019
Diabetes mellitus necessitate a repeated observation of serum glucose levels in the body. The commonly used diagnostic fluid for finding the glucose levels in the blood, but it is an invasive and unpleasant custom. Methods: Twenty diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were randomly selected. The perceptible assessment of blood and salivary glucose levels were performed by the glucose oxidase enzyme method using glucose oxidase-peroxidase kit. Results: A correlation was observed between HbA1c and salivary glucose of diabetic as well as non-diabetic subjects. The result showed a highly convinced positive correlation between salivary glucose and serum glucose in both diabetic patients and controls. Conclusion: From this study, it was achieved that salivary glucose level was a nearly new noninvasive indicative technique, and used as a survey tool to estimate the glycemic state of Type II diabetes mellitus patients.
Correlation of Salivary Glucose Level with Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes Mellitus
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Research, 2012
Objectives: There is alarming rise in number of people with diabetes mellitus over these years. If glucose in saliva is linked to glucose in blood it can be used to detect diabetes mellitus at an early stage. The present study is undertaken with the aim to assess the correlation of salivary glucose level with blood glucose level in people with diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: For investigations, 2 sets of samples of people with diabetes and the age and sex matched nondiabetic subjects were recruited. The salivary glucose was analyzed in unstimulated whole saliva samples using glucose oxidase method. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was applied to assess the correlation between salivary glucose level and blood glucose level. Results: The significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation of salivary glucose level and fasting blood glucose level was observed in people with uncontrolled diabetes in both the sets of samples. Conclusions: Although study suggests some potential for saliva as a marker in monitoring of diabetes mellitus, there are many aspects that need clarification before we reach to a conclusion.
Saliva as a Non-invasive Tool in Evaluation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
2016
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally with an estimated prevalence of 70 million by 2025. Materials and Methods: In total, 75 persons were included in this study. They were divided into 3 groups, each group consisting of 25 persons. Cases were selected from both the sexes and of age 40-70 years. Group I: Non-diabetes persons (controls), Group II: Controlled diabetes, Group III: Uncontrolled diabetes. All individuals were subjected to collection of blood and saliva for estimation of Glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, electrolytes, salivary pH and flow rate. Results: In this study, fasting serum glucose and salivary glucose levels are comparable to other studies and shows statistical significance ( P = 0.005), and hence, it can be utilized to evaluate glucose levels in diabetics. Regarding electrolytes, salivary calcium was decreased in uncontrolled diabetes (Group III) when compared to non-diabet...