In Vitro Corrosion Behavior of New Magnesium Alloys for Bone Regeneration (original) (raw)
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Corrosionand Biocompatibility Assessment of Magnesium Alloys
Journal of Biomaterials and …, 2012
Magnesium due to its good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, necessity in metabolic processes and lightness in weight, is an ideal candidate for biodegradable implants. The major concerns with magnesium and its alloys are that of rapid and non-uniform corrosion. In this investigation, magnesium based binary, ternary and quaternary alloys were studied for their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In vitro corrosion resistance of the alloys was studied in accordance with ASTM G 102-89 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37˚C. The surface morphology of the alloys was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the wettability of the alloys was determined by contact angle measurements. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the leached metal ions on the viability of osteoblast was evaluated bysulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.
In vitro performance of magnesium processed by different routes for bone regeneration applications
Materials Letters, 2011
Magnesium processed by powder metallurgy (PM) and casting was investigated for potential use in bone regeneration applications. To reduce its corrosion rate, magnesium was surface-modified by a chemical conversion treatment in hydrofluoric acid (HF). In vitro behaviour was evaluated in terms of biodegradation and osteoblastic cell response. The metallurgical route used to produce magnesium has more significant consequences on biodegradation and biocompatibility than the effects of the surface coating. The coated magnesium processed by casting exhibits the best in vitro performance.
2018
In order to make a rational design of magnesium alloys for bone repair, four kinds of Mg alloy ingots were prepared by vacuum induction furnace, namely Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca (wt.%) (ZX30), Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr (wt.%) (ZK30), Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr-0.3Sr (wt.%) (ZKJ300) and Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr-0.3Ca-0.3Ag (wt.%) (ZKXQ3000) alloys. The four ingots were extruded into bar materials through a hot-extrusion process under different temperatures with different extrusion ratios, the mechanical performances and the corrosion behaviors in the simulated body fluid (SBF) of the four alloys were investigated, and the mechanism of fracture and corrosion was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of all the alloys were found to be around 360 MPa, while ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) of ZKJ300 (334.61 ± 2.92 MPa) and ZKXQ3000 (337.56 ± 2.19 MPa) alloys were much higher than those of ZX30 (298.17 ± 0.93 MPa) and ZK30 (293.26 ± 2.71 MPa) alloys. The electrochem...
Magnesium alloys: Predicting in vivo corrosion with in vitro immersion testing
2012
Magnesium has been suggested as a revolutionary biodegradable metal for use as an orthopaedic material. As a biocompatible and degradable metal, it has several advantages over the permanent metallic materials currently in use, including eliminating the effects of stress shielding, improving biocompatibility concerns in vivo and improving degradation properties, removing the requirement of a second surgery for implant removal. The rapid degradation of magnesium, however, is a double-edged sword as it is necessary to control the corrosion rates of the materials to match the rates of bone healing. In response, calcium phosphate coatings have been suggested as a means to control these corrosion rates. The potential calcium phosphate phases and their coating techniques on substrates are numerous and can provide several different properties for different applications. The reactivity and low melting point of magnesium, however, require specific parameters for calcium phosphate coatings to be successful. Within this review, an overview of the different calcium phosphate phases, their properties and their behaviour in vitro and in vivo has been provided, followed by the current coating techniques used for calcium phosphates that may be or may have been adapted for magnesium substrates.
Structure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Magnesium Alloys for Medical Applications
Acta Metallurgica Slovaca Conference, 2013
Magnesium is considered as promising metal for construction of temporary biodegradable medical implants like stents or fixation devices for fractured bones. A biodegradable implant progressively corrodes in human body fluids and is replaced by the healing tissue. This paper presents structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast Mg, Mg-3X (in wt. %, X = Zn, Sn, Gd, Nd), AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn), AJ62 (Mg-6Al-2Sr) and WE43 (Mg-4Y-3RE-0.5Zr, RE = rare earths) alloys. All the alloys were composed of α-Mg solid solution and interdendritic intermetallic phases. Hardness and tensile strength increased with incresing the total amount of alloying elements. Moreover, rare earths elements showed strong strengthening effects. The best corrosion resistance in the simulated physiological solution was observed in the case of alloys containing rare earts elements.
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been extensively explored as potential biodegradable implant materials for orthopaedic applications (e.g. Fracture fixation). However, the rapid corrosion of Mg based alloys in physiological conditions has delayed their introduction for therapeutic applications to date. The present review focuses on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications of biodegradable Mg alloys for orthopaedic applications. Initially, the corrosion behaviour of Mg alloys and the effect of alloying elements on corrosion and biocompatibility is discussed. Furthermore, the influence of polymeric deposit coatings, namely sol-gel, synthetic aliphatic polyesters and natural polymers on corrosion and biological performance of Mg and its alloy for orthopaedic applications are presented. It was found that inclusion of alloying elements such as Al, Mn, Ca, Zn and rare earth elements provides improved corrosion resistance to Mg alloys. It has been also observed that sol-gel and synthetic aliphatic polyesters based coatings exhibit improved corrosion resistance as compared to natural polymers, which has higher biocompatibility due to their biomimetic nature. It is concluded that, surface modification is a promising approach to improve the performance of Mg-based biomaterials for orthopaedic applications.
Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion
Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2008
Biodegradable metals are breaking the current paradigm in biomaterial science to develop only corrosion resistant metals. In particular, metals which consist of trace elements existing in the human body are promising candidates for temporary implant materials. These implants would be temporarily needed to provide mechanical support during the healing process of the injured or pathological tissue. Magnesium and its alloys have been investigated recently by many authors as a suitable biodegradable biomaterial. In this investigative review we would like to summarize the latest achievements and comment on the selection and use, test methods and the approaches to develop and produce magnesium alloys that are intended to perform clinically with an appropriate host response.
Novel Magnesium Alloys Developed for Biomedical Application: A Review
There is an increasing interest in the development of magnesium alloys both for industrial and biomedical applications. Industrial interest in magnesium alloys is based on strong demand of weight reduction of transportation vehicles for better fuel efficiency, so higher strength, and better ductility and corrosion resistance are required. Nevertheless, biomedical magnesium alloys require appropriate mechanical properties, suitable degradation rate in physiological environment, and what is most important, biosafety to human body. Rather than simply apply commercial magnesium alloys to biomedical field, new alloys should be designed from the point of view of nutriology and toxicology. This article provides a review of state-of-the-art of magnesium alloy implants and devices for orthopedic, cardiovascular and tissue engineering applications. Advances in new alloy design, novel structure design and surface modification are overviewed. The factors that influence the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys are discussed and the strategy in the future development of biomedical magnesium alloys is proposed.
A survey of bio-corrosion rates of magnesium alloys
Corrosion Science, 2010
The dissolution rates of a number of experimental magnesium (Mg) alloys in simulated body fluid are surveyed in this work. Degradation conditions approximating the human physiological environment were examined using Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) and exposure in a CO 2 incubator at 37°C. The results herein provide a timely baseline for the assessment of the role of alloying elements in dictating dissolution rates of Mg alloys in vitro, together with some important considerations in the assessment of Mg alloys as possible candidates for biomedical implants with customisable dissolution rates.