Bifidobacterium Infantis 35624 Protects Against Salmonella -Induced Reductions in Digestive Enzyme Activity in Mice by Attenuation of the Host Inflammatory Response (original) (raw)
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Effect of Bifidobacterium longum ingestion on experimental salmonellosis in mice
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2004
The effect of lactic acid bacteria on the immune system is well established under normal conditions and generally by in vivo determinations, but few data are available, in vivo, during an infectious challenge. The objective of this study was to obtain data on the putative protective role of bifidobacteria upon challenge with an intestinal pathogen. Methods and Results: The effect of oral treatment with Bifidobacterium longum Bb46 on intragastric challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium was studied. Faecal bacterial levels were determined in gnotobiotic (GN) mice and mortality, histopathology (intestines, liver), immunoglobulin levels (IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) and cytokine production (IFN-c, IL-10) were determined in conventional (CV) mice. Conventional mice received 0AE1 ml probiotic milk (10 8 CFU) daily, 10 days before the oral pathogenic challenge (10 2 CFU). Then, probiotic treatment was continued until the end of the experiment. Probiotic treatment in germ-free mice consisted of a single dose at the beginning of the experiment. Control groups were treated with sterile skim milk and submitted to the same procedure. A higher survival (40%) was observed for probiotic-treated animals when compared with the control group (0%). This protective effect was confirmed by the histopathological and morphometric data. However, S. Typhimurium population levels in the faeces were similar among control and probiotic-treated groups. During the challenge with S. Typhimurium, a decrease in IFN-c and IgG2a productions was observed in probiotic-treated mice. Conclusions: The protective effect against the pathogenic challenge may be due to a reduced inflammatory response, mediated by the probiotic treatment, but not to a population antagonism. Significance and Impact of the Study: Results suggest that dietary supplementation with B. longum could provide benefits against enteric infection.
Archives of …, 2010
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of intragastric administration with two strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bifido A and Bifido B), in gnotobiotic and conventional mice, challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. In vitro antagonism test showed that the two strains were able to produce antagonistic substances against various pathogenic microorganisms. In an ex vivo antagonism test the production of antagonistic substances was observed only against three out ten pathogens tested. Both Bifidobacterium strains were able to colonize and to maintain high population levels in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice. In addition, the two strains had low and limited translocation ability and did not cause any histological lesion in any of the organs analyzed. Both strains were able to reduce the fecal number of Salmonella in gnotobiotic mice challenged with the pathogen, but only Bifido B was able to confer a protection as demonstrated by a lower mortality. Higher levels of sIgA and IL-10 were observed only in Bifido B mono-associated mice when compared to germ free group. We could conclude that, among the parameters analyzed, the strain Bifido B exhibited the more desirable characteristics to be used as a probiotic.
Two strains of Lactobacillus, previously isolated from bovine faeces and tested in vitro for properties desired in probiotics, were evaluated for their in vivo effectiveness in protecting against experimental salmonellosis. L. salivarius L38 and L. acidophilus L36 previously demonstrated the ability to successfully colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice and stimulate the immune system associated with the intestinal mucosa. L38- or L36-feeding showed no detrimental effect on the general health indicators and did not induce changes in normal architecture of liver and small intestine, indicating that the use of these strains is apparently safe. In control animals fed L38 strain, several cytokines had augmented mRNA levels that can be associated with a homeostatic state of intestinal mucosa, while L36 had less diverse regulation. IgA production and secretion in the intestinal lumen induced by infection was abrogated by pretreating with both lactobacilli. In addition, liver and small intestine histological scores and, translocation of Salmonella cells to liver and spleen, indicated that these strains did not confer protection against the infection. So, the IL-12:IL-18àIFN-g axis, essential for an effective immune response against Salmonella, was not favored with L38 or L36 strains. However, increased expression of IL-10 in different portions of the gastrointestinal tract of L38-fed animals is indicative of anti-inflammatory effect to be explored furthermore.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1999
The ability of Bifidobacterium bifidum from a commercial bifidus milk to antagonize Salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium in vivo, and to reduce the pathological consequences for the host, was determined using conventional and gnotobiotic mice. Conventional animals received daily, by gavage, 0•1 ml bifidus milk containing about 10 9 cfu B. bifidum and germ-free animals received a single 0•1 ml dose. The conventional and gnotobiotic groups were challenged orally with 10 2 cfu of the pathogenic bacteria 5 and/or 10 d after the beginning of treatment. Control groups were treated with milk. Bifidus milk protected both animal models against the challenge with the pathogenic bacteria, as demonstrated by survival and histopathological data. However, to obtain the protective effect in gnotobiotic animals, the treatment had to be initiated 10 d before the challenge. In experimental and control gnotobiotic mice, Salm. enteritidis subsp. typhimurium became similarly established at levels ranging from 10 8 to 10 9 viable cells g −1 of faeces and remained at these high levels until the animals died or were sacrificed. It was concluded that the protection against Salm. enteritidis subsp. typhimurium observed in conventional and gnotobiotic mice treated with bifidus milk was not due to the reduction of the intestinal populations of the pathogenic bacteria.
Beneficial microbes, 2014
The mouse has been largely used for the study of the protective capacity of probiotics against intestinal infections caused by Salmonella. In this work we aimed at comparing the mortality and translocation assay for the study of the protective capacity of the human breast milk-derived strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis INL1 on a model of gut infection by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Different doses of S. Typhimurium FUNED and B. animalis subsp. lactis INL 1 were administered to Balb/c mice in a mortality or a translocation assay. The survival of the control group in the mortality assay resulted to be variable along experiments, and then we preferred to use a translocation assay where the preventive administration of 109 cfu of bifidobacteria/mouse for 10 consecutive days significantly reduced the number of infected animals and the levels of translocation to liver and spleen, with enhanced secretory immunoglobulin A and interleukin 10 production...
Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 2004
The purpose of the present study was to test the ability of selected probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (with high antimicrobial and antioxidative potential in in vitro tests) to compete with invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection and protect the gut mucosa against excessive oxidative stress during inflammatory tissue damage in a mouse model. In total 47 mice were divided into four groups. The control group was treated with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, group 1) or alternatively 0.5 )/10 8 CFU/ml of human intestinal lactobacilli, namely Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 (DSM 14241) and Lactobacillus acidophilus 0.5)/10 8 CFU /ml (group 4), daily for 15 days. Group 2 and 3 mice were challenged with a clinical isolate of S. Typhimurium (0.5)/10 5 CFU/ml). The group 3 mice were additionally orally inoculated with lactobacilli for 5 days before and 10 days after the challenge with S. Typhimurium. Counts of salmonellae and lactobacilli in blood, intestine, liver and spleen were recorded; the morphological indices of inflammation in the same organs and oxidative stress-indicative biochemical status (lipid peroxidation, total antioxidative activity, redox ratio of glutathione and iron content) of gut mucosa were assessed on the 10th day after oral inoculation. The administration of probiotic lactobacilli of human origin did not increase the total count of lactobacilli in the terminal ileum of mice; however, hyperplasia of lymph nodes was registered in group 4 mice compared with group 1 mice. In the gut the lactobacilli that were antagonistic against S. Typhimurium in vitro neither decreased the count of salmonellae nor prevented the spread of the infection. In contrast, the antioxidative potential of L. fermentum ME-3 influenced gut mucosa by the reduction of iron level (pro-oxidant), lipid peroxidation and increased total antioxidative activity, glutathione redox value. We conclude that properties of probiotic lactobacilli assessed in vitro could be expressed differentially during in vivo study. The possibility to influence the pro-and antioxidant balance by specific probiotic lactobacilli with antioxidative properties in the course of inflammatory tissue damage could be further explored.
IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF PROBIOTICS AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTED MICE
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS "MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES" :25-26 April 2018.40-47, 2018
In this study Wistar albino rats were chosen to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic therapy. They were induced with infection using known bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. They were treated separately with common probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus megaterium and mixed culture of probiotics. The results of immunomodulatory activities have been found. The reason behind that may be the ways and means how the organisms accommodate and accustom to the intestinal environment and the production of various metabolites attributed to be a protective agents. Being immunomodulatory agent and nontoxic in nature have made these agents more useful as therapeutic agents or as supplements.
Pediatric Research, 2014
Background: Probiotics decrease the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We sought to determine the impact of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in the established rat model of NEC. Methods: Rat pups delivered 1 d prior to term gestation were assigned to one of three groups: dam fed (DF), formula fed (FF), or fed with formula supplemented with 5 × 10 6 CFU B. infantis per day (FF+Binf ). Experimental pups were exposed to hypoxia and cold stress. Ileal tissue was examined for pathology and expression of inflammatory mediators, antimicrobial peptides, and goblet-cell products. Ceca were assessed for bacterial composition by analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence. results: Administration of B. infantis significantly reduced the incidence of NEC, decreased expression of Il6, Cxcl1, Tnfa, Il23, and iNOS, and decreased expression of the antimicrobial peptides Reg3b and Reg3g. There was significant microbial heterogeneity both within groups and between experiments. The cecal microbiota was not significantly different between the FF and FF+Binf groups. Bifidobacteria were not detected in the cecum in significant numbers. conclusion: In the rat model, the inflammation associated with NEC was attenuated by administration of probiotic B. infantis. Dysbiosis was highly variable, precluding determination of the precise role of the microbiota in experimental NEC.
Archives of Microbiology, 2010
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of intragastric administration with two strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bifido A and Bifido B), in gnotobiotic and conventional mice, challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. In vitro antagonism test showed that the two strains were able to produce antagonistic substances against various pathogenic microorganisms. In an ex vivo antagonism test the production of antagonistic substances was observed only against three out ten pathogens tested. Both Bifidobacterium strains were able to colonize and to maintain high population levels in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice. In addition, the two strains had low and limited translocation ability and did not cause any histological lesion in any of the organs analyzed. Both strains were able to reduce the fecal number of Salmonella in gnotobiotic mice challenged with the pathogen, but only Bifido B was able to confer a protection as demonstrated by a lower mortality. Higher levels of sIgA and IL-10 were observed only in Bifido B mono-associated mice when compared to germ free group. We could conclude that, among the parameters analyzed, the strain Bifido B exhibited the more desirable characteristics to be used as a probiotic.
Pediatric Research, 2012
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease of premature infants. Probiotics decrease the risk of NEC in clinical and experimental studies. Antimicrobial peptides protect the gut against noxious microbes and shape the commensal microbiota, but their role in NEC remains unclear. We report that like in human ontogeny, the rat pup has low expression of Paneth cell antimicrobials, which increases rapidly during normal development. To investigate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in experimental NEC and the impact of probiotics on their expression, premature rats were divided into three groups: dam fed (DF), hand fed with formula (FF), or hand fed with formula containing Bifidobacterium bifidum (FF+BIF). All groups were exposed to asphyxia and cold stress. The expression of lysozyme, secretory phospholipase A 2 , pancreaticassociated proteins 1 and 3 mRNA was elevated in the FF (NEC) group, compared to the DF and FF+BIF groups where disease was attenuated. We conclude that induction of antimicrobial peptides occurs in experimental NEC similar to that reported in human disease and is attenuated when disease is averted by probiotic B. bifidum. The induction of antimicrobial peptides is likely an adaptive mucosal response that is often not sufficient to prevent disease in the premature gut.