Parasitological and histopathological studies to the effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves combined with praziquantel therapy in modulating the liver and spleen damage induced by Schistosoma mansoni to male mice (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2019
Generally, the parasitological markers showed that Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Mirazid (Commiphora molmol, MZ) were effective in reducing worms and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. This study aimed to detect the histopathological improvement accompanied with using Neem and Mirazid to treat schistosomiasis. A total of 120 Swiss Albino mice were categorized into 10 groups: 5 groups infected with S. mansoni and either treated with only Neem (400 mg/kg), only MZ (500mg/kg), a combination of Neem and MZ, praziquantel (PZQ, 200 mg/kg) or not treated. Other 5 control groups were not infected but acquired the same treated doses as the above groups. The study was done in
Mohammad Aziza, Amer Ragheb Adel Azizb,* a Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute ,Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Safepharma Research Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt. b Department of Parasitology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Souhag University, Souhag; Egypt, 82524., 2017
Schistosoma mansoni worms inhabit the portal triad affecting blood elements. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare ameliorative effects of Commiphora molmol extract (Mirazid, MZD) and praziquantel (PZQ) on some biochemical parameters in S. mansoni-infected mice. Accordingly, Swiss albino mice (n=72) were used and were divided into 4 equal groups; 18 mice each. Group (1) was uninfected non-treated control. Mice in infected groups administered 100 S. mansoni cercariae/mouse. Group (2) contained infected non-treated mice. Group (3) was infected and treated with MZD at a dose of 500 mg/kg for 5 successive days. Group (4) was infected and treated with PZQ in a dose of 500 mg/kg for 2 successive days. Treatment started 7 weeks post infection (WPT) by the oral route. Blood samples were collected at the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks post treatment for liver functions (ALT, AST and ALP), kidney functions tests (blood urea and serum creatinine) and cholinergic function (serum cholinesterase level). PZQ ameliorated activities of serum enzymes; alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase more than MZD compared to infected untreated group. PZQ significantly decreased ALT at 1, 2 and 4 WPT as well as AST and ALP activity at 2 and 4 WPT whereas, MZD resulted in significant reduction in ALT activity at the 1st, 2nd and 4th WPT. AST and ALP activities appeared at the 2nd and 4th WPT. PZQ caused progressive significant reduction in elevated levels of urea and creatinine at the 1st, 2nd and 4th WPT, respectively that produced by MZD. PZQ and MZD induced a significant elevation in the level of AChE. Such effect was early detected MZD, and it was showed at the 2nd and 4th WPT for PZQ. It was concluded that PZQ and MZD were safe drugs with no adverse biochemical effects on S. mansoni-infected treated mice with potential action done by PZQ rather than MZD.
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2018
The roots of Ozoroa pulcherrima Schweinf are used in traditional medicine to treat intestinal helminthiasis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ozoroa pulcherrima roots methanolic extract (OPME) on liver injury induced by Schistosoma mansoni in mice. A preliminary phytochemical study of OPME was conducted. OPME was given daily and orally to S. mansoni-infected mice at 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg for 28 days, starting from the 36th day post-infection. Praziquantel was used as reference drug. Non-infected and infected-untreated mice served as controls. Worm burden and egg output, transaminases, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and total protein; as well as malondialdehyde, catalase and reduced glutathione were evaluated. In OPME, total phenolic was 79.61 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, while total flavonoid was 7.98 ± 0.04 mg rutin equivalent/g. Treatment of S. mansoniinfected mice with OPME produced significant reduction of worm burden and ova count in the faeces, liver and intestine. Significant reduction of alanine aminotransferase activity (p < 0.001) as well as significant increase of total protein content (p < 0.001) was recorded after OPME treatment at all doses. Total bilirubin level was also reduced (p < 0.01). Administration of OPME at all doses corrected the high malondialdehyde level (p < 0.001) induced by the infection. At 200 mg/kg, catalase activity and reduced glutathione concentration were significantly increased (p < 0.001). OPME at 200 mg/kg showed moderate schistosomicidal effect, but was effective as the standard drug praziquantel in restoring the liver function after S. mansoni infection.
Ameliorative Effect of Calotropis Procera And/Or Praziquantel on Schistosoma Mansoni Infected Mice
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2019
Seventy albino mice were infected with~ 80 S. mansoni cercariae and were classified into: GI: infected non-treated group, GII: treated with C. procera alcoholic extract after infection (therapeutic), GIII: treated with C. procera aqueous extract after infection (therapeutic), GIV: treated with C. procera alcoholic extract before infection (prophylactic alcoholic), GV: treated with C. procera aqueous extract before infection (prophylactic aqueous), GVI: treated with praziquantel, treated group with praziquantel combined with aqueous extract of C. procera and G.VII: infected and treated with half dose of Praziquantel combined with aqueous plant extract. Seven weeks post infection, all mice were autopsied, and livers and ilea were parasitological examined (Tissue egg load) and histological assessments (Number & size of hepatic granulomas). Schistosomes recovered from all groups were processed to calculate total worm burdens. The results showed that mice treated with C. procera alcoholi...
American Journal of Life Sciences, 2015
Praziquantel (PZQ), the drug of choice according to the World Health Organization (WHO), causes some side effects. The appearance of drug resistance against PZQ in Schistosoma mansoni infected species leads to must introduce new effective compounds and/or suppress its side effects. The aim of present work is a trial to solve this problem. Chloroform extract of Citharexylum quadrangular jacq leaves was used as a medicinal plant, which affect the Schistosoma mansoni adults. Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice with the plant extract and/or the antioxidants vitamin E and selenium in combination with PZQ was studied. The study revealed that the combination of the chloroform extract together with vitamin E and selenium improved the efficiency of PZQ. These supplementations are very effective in ameliorating the oxidative insult as well as other parameters: glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation (MDA), hepatic hydroxyproline content, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and total immunoglobulin E (total IgE) associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Parasitology Research, 2012
Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease in 74 countries causing more than 250,000 deaths every year. Accordingly, the development of an effective drug for eradication of schistosomiasis is an open research field. The current chemotherapy for control is praziquantel (PZQ). However, PZQ does not improve liver fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the combined effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) with PZQ on the liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma mansoni challenged mice. Evaluation was based on the worm burden count, ova load, granuloma size, and histopathology of the liver. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was measured in the tissue as a biomarker for impaired antioxidant function. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was also measured in the tissue as a biomarker for oxidative stress. The serum level of matrix metalloproteinase 1 was measured as a biomarker for fibrotic status of the liver. Liver function enzymes such as ALT, AST, and GGT were also measured. Four groups of ten mice each were used in this study. The first group was infected with 50±10 S. mansoni cercariae. The second group was also infected and was treated with PZQ 9 weeks post-infection (PI). The third group was treated with PZQ and ALA 9 weeks PI. The fourth group was used a healthy control. The present study revealed remarkable improvement in all parameters measured (parasitological and biochemical) as well as significant improvement of hepatic pathology in the third group which was treated with PZQ and ALA. The treatment of mice with PZQ and ALA results in reduction in the worm burden, egg count, and granuloma size. Furthermore, this combined treatment increased the tissue level of the antioxidant (GSH) and decreased the tissue level of MDA in this group.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2014
Schistosomiasis in humans is a major public health problem worldwide. Schistosomiasis occurs in 76 tropical countries and it is estimated that 85% of the infections are in Africa. In Kenya, it is estimated that 3 million people are infected. The Conventional drugs are effective in the treatment of the disease but very little progress has been achieved on treatment of Schistosomiasis in Kenya. Any effort towards developing alternative drugs for the disease is worthwhile. Praziquantel is the most effective drug against all adult stages of human Schistosomiasis, being the drug of choice for morbidity control of Schistosomiasis. However it is not a satisfying situation to have one drug used for the treatment. Ideally other drugs should be availed in order to avoid development of drug resistance. The use of plant extracts in treatment of diseases is universal. The results obtained showed that Ocimum americanum and Bridelia micrantha plant extracts had antischistosomal activity as indicated by high worm reduction and reduced gross pathology. Histopathology showed no or few granuloma in the liver tissue. Further work should be done on the efficacious extracts, towards drug development.
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem worldwide. Schistosome eggs are responsible for most pathology. The organs affected are liver and spleen. There has been very little progress on schistosomiasis chemotherapy in Kenya due to the high costs and unavailability of known drugs to the local masses. There has been a resurgence of interest in the study of antischistosomal medicinal plants of local origin. Plants seem to be a cheaper source for drug development. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a herbal drug, Schitozim over Praziquantel in the management of S. mansoni infection in BALB/c mice and to provide defined information of the parasitological and immunological responses towards this herbal drug. BALB/c mouse strains, was used. The experimental groups included; normal/naive control; infected and not treated control group; infected groups administered with three different doses (50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg) of Schitozim and infected group administer...
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2007
Effect of drug praziquantel (PZQ) and C. longa extract on S. mansoni infected mice is reported. The level of glycogen, alkaline and acid phosphatases (ALP and ACP respectively), and body weight, liver weight and liver weight/body weight ratio were studied in mice infected with S. mansoni. ALP level was increased after infection. C. longa treated mice showed marked reduction in ALP level more than after PZQ-treatment. C. longa enhanced the concentration of glycogen after being reduced by infection, while PZQ-treatment revealed more reduction. C. longa caused enhancement in body weight while PZQ treatment had no effect. The formation of granuloma around schistosome eggs in the liver produced inflammation. C. longa extract and PZQ were effective in reducing granuloma size in infected mice.
Role of Morus alba in Ameliorating Schistosoma mansoni-Induced Renal and Testicular Injuries in Mice
Pakistan journal of zoology
Schistosomiasis is the second most significant parasitic disease in the world after malaria. Herbal medicine is the most widely used form of medicine in the world today where the medicinal plants contain curative bioactive ingredients. The study aimed to investigate the role of Morus alba leaves extract in ameliorating Schistosoma mansoni-induced renal and testicular injuries in mice. Experimental mice infected with S. mansoni cercariae and treated with the crude methanolic extract after 46 days postinfection. Histopathological effects were determined in 5 µm thick sections. Oxidative stress was assessed by determining glutathione (GSH) level, nitrite/nitrate and lipid peroxidation as indicated malondialdehyde (MDA) production in the kidney and testis, besides estimation of plasma uric acid and testosterone levels. The ameliorating effect of M. alba was extending to improve the histopathology of kidney and testis of infected mice. Infection with S. mansoni caused progressive depletion of GSH level and significant enhancement of MDA and nitrite/nitrate levels. Treatment of mice with M. alba extract ameliorated the tissues damage and oxidative stress induced by schistosomasis, as indicated by significant improvement of GSH level and significant decrease in MDA and nitrite/nitrate levels formation as compared to Schistosome infected group. The present study indicates that M. alba extract possess a highly promising ameliorative effects against histopathological damages and oxidative stress induced by S. mansoni infection.