Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Clinically Suspected Cases of Dermatophytosis in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Center Hyderabad (original) (raw)
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Pattern of dermatophytes among skin, hair, and nail specimens in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore
Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University, 2022
Background: Dermatophytes are considered to be the most common cause fungal of infections globally. The geographical distribution of these fungi varies from region to region. The aim of this study was to isolate and determine the frequency and variety of various dermatophytes from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytoses. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive study carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Post graduate Medical Institute, Lahore over a period of nine months from July 2013 till March 2014. Nonprobability convenient sampling was used. One hundred clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were selected for this study. Specimen of skin, hair and nail were taken from patients and were evaluated by both microscopic examination and culture. Dermatophytes were identified based on the colony morphology as well as microscopic arrangement of macroconidia and microconidia. Data was collected and entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Out of a total of 100 patients, 48 were male and 52 were female. The majority of cases were from the age group of 31-40 (25%) followed by less than 10 years (18%). Out of hundred patients, 59 (59%) were positive on direct microscopy with KOH wet mount. Fungal culture was positive in 56 (56%) cases. Out of these 56 positive cultures, twenty-three were identified as dermatophyte species. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest isolate. Other dermatophyte species isolated were Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrocosum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Microsporum audonii. Conclusion: Studying the pattern of dermatophyte species is necessary as it helps in the early diagnosis and treatment of dermatomycoses. This study identified Trichophyton rubrum as the commonest etiological agent of dermatophytoses.
Current trends of Clinicomycological Profile of Dermatophytosis in Central India
Abstract: Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common cutaneous fungal infections of public health importance. Its prevalence differs from place to place and is influenced by environmental conditions, personal hygiene and habits. Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical and mycological profile of dermatophytic infection and identify the species of fungi using standard techniques. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 100 clinically diagnosed patients of dermatophytosis attending the dermatology outpatient department of our hospital. Proforma containing structured questionnaire was also filled. Skin scrapings, nail scrapes or nail clippings and infected hair stubs were collected. All specimens were screened for dermatophytes by direct microscopy using KOH DMSO preparation and confirmed by fungal culture. Results: Tinea unguium (52.0%) was predominant clinical condition. Males were affected more (79.0%) than females. Dermatophytosis was predominantly found in more than 60 years (32.0%) and 31-45 years (24.0%). Fungi were demonstrated in 55.0% cases by KOH mount and 46.0% cases were positive by culture. 16.0% cases were KOH negative and culture positive. Trichophyton rubrum (41.0%) was the predominant species. Conclusions: Males with age group above 60 years were most commonly affected in our area. Predominant clinical type was tinea unguium probably because most of them were farmers and labourers with poor hygiene. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest dermatophyte isolated. KOH negative and culture positive cases indicate that culture is a gold standard for isolation and identification of dermatophytes. Key words: Dermatophyte, Dermatophytosis, Tinea, Trichophyton
Background: Dermatophyte, a keratinophilic fungus which can invade keratinized tissue cause dermatophytosis. It is one of the major superficial fungal infections. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 20-25% world population is affected by dermatophytes. The aim of this study was to identify different species of dermatophytes causing dermatophytosis at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: Total 246 skin, nail and hair samples were collected from Dermatology and Venereology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dermatophytes were identified by microscopy, culture, biochemical test (urease test and hair perforation test) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fungal elements were observed under microscope. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) were used to culture the specimen. Species identification was confirmed by biochemical test and PCR. Results: Among 246 clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytosis, 91 (36.98%) cases were observed among the age group of 21-30 years. Female were more affected than male (male-female ratio was1:1.34). Eighty-five (34.55%) cases were positive by microscopy and 76 (30.89%) cases were positive in culture. Trichophyton mentagrophyte was the common etiological dermatophyte species which was 59.21% followed by Trichophyton rubrum (40.79%). All culture isolates were further evaluated by biochemical test and PCR. Most of the tinea corporis was caused by Trichophyton mentagrophyte which was 64.81%. Conclusion: Dermatophytosis is a common infection in young adults specially females. Trichophyton mentagrophyte is more frequent type of dermatophyte. Majority of dermatophytes could be identified by both direct microscopy and culture methods.
Mycological study of dermatophytosis in a part of South India
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2017
Aims: Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton are the genera of dermatophytes causing superficial mycoses. These infections are on rise due to increase in immunocompromised patients and favorable environmental conditions in countries like India. The present study was undertaken to identify dermatophytes causing superficial fungal infection by microscopy and culture techniques which helps in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of cases. Methodology and results: Samples were collected from affected sites after cleaning the affected surface with 70% alcohol. All samples were microscopically examined for presence of hyphal structures by digesting in 10% to 40% KOH solution. All samples were inoculated into Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and Sabouraud dextrose agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol and incubated at room temperature for four weeks. Tease mount technique and slide culture technique were used for identification of dermatophytes. One hundred and ten samples from clinically suspected dermatophytoses which includes 77(70%) from male and 33(30%) from female patients were processed for identification of dermatophytes. Samples were subjected to microscopy and culture. In 61 samples (54.54%) fungal hyphae were seen by direct microscopic examination (KOH). Fifty six samples (50%) yielded dermatophyte growth in culture. Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant species isolated followed by T. violaceum and T. mentagrophytes. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Accurate and rapid diagnosis of superficial fungal infection is essential for proper management of cases. Direct microscopy is very good method for routine diagnosis, however culture remains gold standard.
Clinico-Mycological Profile of Dermatophytoses at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central India
SVU-International Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Dermatophytosis is a disease of hair, nails, and stratum corneum of the skin caused by dermatophytes. The prevalence of dermatophytosis in a geographical area depends on a variety of factors such as climate, personal hygiene, and individual susceptibility. The clinical importance of isolating and identifying dermatophytes is to start appropriate treatment & to detect probable infection sources. Also, identification is important for prognostic consideration. Objectives: Our study aims to know the clinico-mycological profile in suspected cases of dermatophytosis. Patients and Methods: A total of 110 suspected cases of dermatophytoses that were diagnosed clinically by a dermatologist were included in this study. Specimen of skin scrapings, hairs & nail clippings wherever appropriate were collected from these patients. Specimens collected were subjected to standard mycological procedures. Results: In our study, the most common age group affected was 21-30 years (31.82%). The majority of the cases were from the lower middle class (38%). The commonest clinical type was Tinea corporis (48%). In 72.73% of cases, we were able to detect fungi either by direct microscopy and/or culture. Out of 62 culture isolates, T.rubrum was found to be the commonest (59.7%), followed by T.mentagrophytes (24.2%), E.floccosum (6.5%), T.tonsurans (3.2%), M. gypseum (3.2%) and one isolate each of M. audouinii and M. canis. Conclusion: With proper techniques, various species of dermatophytes can be identified. But conventional methods are time-consuming and a week to a month is required for identification to species level. So the development of rapid molecular techniques is the need of the hour.
Trichophyton rubrum the predominant etiological agent in human dermatophytoses in Chennai, India
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2007
The present study was undertaken to find the predominant etiological agent of dermatophytoses among the patients attending the out patient clinic of Mycology Section, Department of Dermatology, Madras Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Specimens were collected from suspected patients with dermatophytoses and examined for the presence of fungal elements, cultured, isolated and identified. Among the 90 suspected patients with clinical symptoms of dermatophytoses, 71 (78.9%) were confirmed in culture. Trichophyton genus was accounted for 93% of dermatophytoses, which was shared by Trichophyton rubrum (73.3%) andTrichophyton mentagrophytes (19.7%), followed by Epidermophyton floccosum (4.2%) and Microsporum gypseum (2.8%). It was noted that tinea corporis (64.8%) is the most prevalent infection followed by tinea cruris (26.8%), tinea pedis (5.6%) and onychomycoses (2.8%). T. rubrum was the predominant species responsible for the dermatophytoses, especially tinea corporis in Chennai,...
Incidence and prevalence of dermatophytosis in and around Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
INTRODUCTION Dermatophytoses is a superficial infection caused by a group of fungi, dermatophytes. The infection is common worldwide with higher prevalence in tropical countries. 1 The dermatophytoses infection is commonly referred as ringworm due to the appearance of the lesion. Dermatophytes comprise of three major genera, Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, of the class hyphomycetes and division deuteromycota. They ABSTRACT Background: Dermatophytes are group of fungi that infect keratinized tissues of human and animals. The group consist of three different genera namely, Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton and several species within each genera. Among Trichophyton, Trichophyton rubrum is predominant, followed by various strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which include both anthropophiles and zoophiles. Prevalence of dermatophytes varies with location and environmental condition. The infection is common worldwide with higher prevalence in tropical countries like India. Molecular diagnosis renders accurate identification of clinical dermatophyte isolates to species level. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatophytoses, isolate and identify the dermatophyte from samples of clinically suspected cases attending tertiary care centre using conventional and molecular methods. Methods: A total of 210 patients showing lesions typical of dermatophytes infection from outpatient Department of dermatology were sent to mycology unit, Department of Microbiology for the period of April 2011-March 2014 were studied. Diagnosis was confirmed by conventional and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Results: Out of 210 samples received, tinea corporis was the predominant clinical site which was followed by tinea cruris. A total of 143 dermatophytes were isolated from the clinical samples. T. rubrum was the predominant etiological agent with 70/143 isolates and T. mentagrophytes was the second most common with 64/143 isolates. Amplification of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) was successful in all the clinical isolates by PCR and produced species specific banding pattern in RFLP using restriction enzyme Mva I. Conclusions: Among dermatophytoses, T. rubrum was the predominant etiological agent present in the whole of Chennai District and T. mentagrophytes takes the second place.
Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ
Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that infect keratinized tissues causing diseases known as dermatophytoses. Dermatophytes are classified in three genera, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. This investigation was performed to study the prevalence of dermatomycosis among 200 samples were collected from human and some animal species (100 samples from each of human and animal), human samples were collected from skin diseases center at Ismailia clinic while animal samples were collected from El-Salhia farm, Internal medicine clinic Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University in Ismailia, Al-Zahraa farm and private pet animal clinics in cairo. The skin scraping and hair samples were obtained aseptically by plucking hair with forceps around the affected area and scraping the epidermal scales with a sterile scalpel blade. All collected samples were examined by direct microscopy and culture technique. Laboratory identification of the fungal isolates was based on their colonial and microscopic characteristics. Dermatophytes were isolated in a percentage 40% in human samples while the percentage was 61% in animal samples. The most common isolated dermatophyte species in human were M. canis, T. violaceum and T. mentagrophytes, in pets was M. canis, in cattle was T. verrucosum and in horse were T. mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum.
Distribution and Prevalence of Dermatophytes in Semi-Arid Region of India
Earth has been documented as a natural territory for fungi which cover individual kingdom with evolution. In subsequently vertebrates developed keratin which was a part of life as a structural aspect. Few moulds have skilled to digest keratin and crop up from soil and wastewater habitats. They take part as a keratinolytic agent in the purification of α-keratins with an incidence of disulphide and hydrogen bonds which are improperly biodegradable. The best moulds genera to decay of keratin are Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The presences of these genera are open health issues in developing countries where they cause the mortal mycotic contagion. The reason behind this is perceived to be the poor hygienic environment and socioeconomic behaviour among people. The present review is a compilation of updated information concerning the nature of these keratinolytic moulds and abundances of most contributed developing countries including India.
Clinicomycological Study of Dermatophytosis in South India
Journal of laboratory physicians, 2015
Introduction: Dermatophytic infections are commonly encountered a problem and constitute more than 50% of cases in dermatology outpatient departments. Diagnosis of these infections requires the proper use of laboratory methods. Objectives: This study was conducted to know the etiology of dermatophytosis in patients attending Tertiary Care Level Hospital in South India and to compare the efficacy of Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) with actidione and dermatophyte test medium (DTM) in isolating and identifying dermatophytes. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 samples which included 101 skin samples and 9 hair samples from clinically suspected dermatophytosis were collected. Direct microscopy by KOH and culture on SDA with actidione and DTM were done. Results: Of 110 samples collected, 58.18% were KOH positive for fungal filaments and 56.36% were culture positive for dermatophytes. More number of cases were observed between age groups of 21-40 years. Males were more affected compared to females. Tinea corporis was the common clinical presentation observed (40%). Trichophyton rubrum (58.06%) was the predominant isolate recovered in all clinical presentations but Trichophyton violaceum was the most common isolate in tinea capitis. All culture positives were grown on both SDA with actidione and DTM. Appearance of growth was earlier on DTM that is, within 10 days compared to SDA with actidione where growth started appearing only after 10 days. This is statistically significant P < 0.0001 (c 2 = 71.6). Species level identification on primary isolation was possible when grown on SDA with actidione and it was not possible with the growth on DTM on primary isolation. Conclusion: DTM is a good screening medium in laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis when compared to SDA with actidione. But DTM is inferior to SDA with actidione in identification of dermatophyte species.