Probiotic and Prebiotic Interventions for Obesity and Diabetes (original) (raw)
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The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity
Obesity is a global pandemic complex to treat due to its multifactorial pathogenesis-an unhealthy lifestyle, neuronal and hormonal mechanisms, and genetic and epigenetic factors are involved. Scientific evidence supports the idea that obesity and metabolic consequences are strongly related to changes in both the function and composition of gut microbiota, which exert an essential role in modulating energy metabolism. Modifications of gut microbiota composition have been associated with variations in body weight and body mass index. Lifestyle modifications remain as primary therapy for obesity and related metabolic disorders. New therapeutic strategies to treat/prevent obesity have been proposed, based on pre-and/or probiotic modulation of gut microbiota to mimic that found in healthy non-obese subjects. Based on human and animal studies, this review aimed to discuss mechanisms through which gut microbiota could act as a key modifier of obesity and related metabolic complications. Evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials suggesting potential beneficial effects of prebiotic and various probiotic strains on those physical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters related to obesity is presented. As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about pre-/probiotic mechanisms of action, in combination with adequately powered, randomized controlled follow-up studies, will facilitate the clinical application and development of personalized healthcare strategies.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Diabetes and obesity are metabolic diseases that have become alarming conditions in recent decades. Their rate of increase is becoming a growing concern worldwide. Recent studies have established that the composition and dysfunction of the gut microbiota are associated with the development of diabetes. For this reason, strategies such as the use of prebiotics to improve intestinal microbial structure and function have become popular. Consumption of prebiotics for modulating the gut microbiota results in the production of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids that play essential roles in reducing blood glucose levels, mitigating insulin resistance, reducing inflammation, and promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the host, and this accounts for the observed remission of metabolic diseases. Prebiotics can be either naturally extracted from non-digestible carbohydrate materials or synthetically produced. In this review, we discussed current findings on ho...
Nutrients, 2021
Metabolic diseases are serious threats to public health and related to gut microbiota. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics (PPSP) are powerful regulators of gut microbiota, thus possessing prospects for preventing metabolic diseases. Therefore, the effects and mechanisms of PPSP on metabolic diseases targeting gut microbiota are worth discussing and clarifying. Generally, PPSP benefit metabolic diseases management, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The underlying gut microbial-related mechanisms are mainly the modulation of gut microbiota composition, regulation of gut microbial metabolites, and improvement of intestinal barrier function. Moreover, clinical trials showed the benefits of PPSP on patients with metabolic diseases, while the clinical strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus, optimal formula of synbiotics and health benefits of postbiotics need further study. This review fully summarizes the relationship between probiotics, prebiotics, ...
Management of metabolic syndrome through probiotic and prebiotic interventions
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2012
Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder caused by a cluster of interrelated factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is the main precursor for metabolic syndrome that can be targeted in developing various therapies. With this view, several physical, psychological, pharmaceutical and dietary therapies have been proposed for the management of obesity. However, dietary strategies found more appropriate without any adverse health effects. Application of probiotics and prebiotics as biotherapeutics is the new emerging area in developing dietary strategies and many people are interested in learning the facts behind these health claims. Recent studies established the role of probiotics and prebiotics in weight management with possible mechanisms of improved microbial balance, decreased food intake, decreased abdominal adiposity and increased mucosal integrity with decreased inflammatory tone. Hence, the above "Pharmaco-nutritional" approach has been selected and extensively reviewed to gain thorough knowledge on putative mechanisms of probiotic and prebiotic action in order to develop dietary strategies for the management of metabolic syndrome.
Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics
Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2011
| At birth, the human colon is rapidly colonized by gut microbes. Owing to their vast number and their capacity to ferment nutrients and secrete bioactive compounds, these gastrointestinal microbes act as an environmental factor that affects the host's physiology and metabolism, particularly in the context of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Experiments that compared germ-free and colonized mice or analyzed the influence of nutrients that qualitatively change the composition of the gut microbiota (namely prebiotics) showed that gut microbes induce a wide variety of host responses within the intestinal mucosa and thereby control the gut's barrier and endocrine functions. Gut microbes also influence the metabolism of cells in tissues outside of the intestines (in the liver and adipose tissue) and thereby modulate lipid and glucose homeostasis, as well as systemic inflammation, in the host. A number of studies describe characteristic differences between the composition and/or activity of the gut microbiota of lean individuals and those with obesity. Although these data are controversial, they suggest that specific phyla, classes or species of bacteria, or bacterial metabolic activities could be beneficial or detrimental to patients with obesity. The gut microbiota is, therefore, a potential nutritional and pharmacological target in the management of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
Gut microbiota and metabolic disorders: how prebiotic can work?
British Journal of Nutrition, 2013
Experimental data in animals, but also observational studies in obese patients, suggest that the composition of the gut microbiota differs in obese v. lean individuals, in diabetic v. non-diabetic patients or in patients presenting other diseases associated with obesity or nutritional dysbalance, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In the present review, we will describe how changes in the gut microbiota composition and/or activity by dietary fibres with prebiotic properties, can modulate host gene expression and metabolism. We will evaluate their potential relevance in the management of obesity and related metabolic disturbances, in view of the experimental data and intervention studies published up to date.
International Dairy Journal, 2010
Obesity in humans leads to changes in the composition of gut microbiota, some of those changes being reversed upon dieting and changes in dietary habits. The studies devoted to understand how gut microbes control host energy homeostasis are of interest, in order to estimate how specific nutrients that induce changes in gut microbiota composition and/or activity-such as prebiotics-could be relevant in the management of obesity and related disorders. This review presents the potential molecular mechanisms allowing the gut microbiota to control host energy homeostasis, and presents the potential mechanisms evoked in the improvement of obesity by colonic nutrients that target the gut microbiota. It also discusses the relevance of this new area of research in human nutrition and health.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020
Obesity has become a global epidemic and a public health crisis in the Western World, experiencing a threefold increase in prevalence since 1975. High-caloric diets and sedentary lifestyles have been identified as significant contributors to this widespread issue, although the role of genetic, social, and environmental factors in obesity’s pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. In recent years, much attention has been drawn to the contribution of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity. Indeed, research has shown that in contrast to their healthier counterparts the microbiomes of obese individuals are structurally and functionally distinct, strongly suggesting microbiome as a potential target for obesity therapeutics. In particular, pre and probiotics have emerged as effective and integrative means of modulating the microbiome, in order to reverse the microbial dysbiosis associated with an obese phenotype. The following review brings forth animal and human research su...
2019
New evidences have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with intermediary metabolism, body weight, and inflammation. So, it could be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Microbiota have influences on these disorders through different mechanisms related to host genes, environment, nutrition, appetite, lifestyle and systemic or adipocytes inflammation. Several factors including unhealthy dietary patterns, chronic intake of antibiotics, chronic stress, aging and different infections can disturb the balance between the number of helpful and pathogenic bacteria in the colon. So, consumption of prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic may be in favor of the host health through alteration of the bacterial imbalance. In this review, we summarized the recent evidences that support the association between pre/pro/symbiotic consumption and prevention or treatment of obesity and the other metabolic disorders.
Diet, Prebiotics and Probiotics: Effects on Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Disorders
2019
Eduardo Huarte for their endless guidance, patience, and continuous encouragement during the course of my doctoral study at South Dakota State University. You have shaped and pushed me to become a better researcher and a better scientist. Thank you specially for giving your time and for being my mentor. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Elizabeth Droke, Dr. Lacey McCormack, and Dr. Jeffrey Clapper for their valuable guidance throughout my PhD training. Your thoughtful feedback have challenged me to think deeply and encouraged and elevated this process. My gratitude also go to the following persons: Bijaya Upadhyaya; Robert