Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Patients (original) (raw)
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Anxiety, Depression and Perception of the Quality of Life in the Patient with HIV/AIDS
Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA, 2018
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a complication is now considered a chronic disease and, although mortality and morbidity have been significantly reduced, the psychosocial impact of the disease generates painful consequences in the patient reflected in anxiety and depression. The concept of quality of life is global, multidisciplinary, and involves objective and subjective aspects. Health-related quality of life involves functioning and physical symptoms, psychological factors and social aspects. The interest of this review lies in the social impact of HIV, not only in relation to the economic and political repercussions for treatment and prevention, but also in the identification of variables related to the improvement of the quality of life of people with HIV. There is a great interest in the study of quality of life of patients with HIV / AIDS, and research has shown that there is a relationship between quality of l...
Health Science Reports
Background and Aims: An important but much less researched burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa includes the associated mental health outcomes of living with the virus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and describe some of the socio-demographic associations among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 395 PLHIV who access HIV-related services at the antiretroviral therapy clinic. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 was used to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress. Frequencies and percentages were used to estimate the prevalence and multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate sociodemographic factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: The prevalence estimates of depression, anxiety, and stress among PLHIV were 28.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.4-33.3), 40.8% (95% CI = 36.0-45.8), and 10.6% (95% CI = 7.9-14.1), respectively. Females reported higher prevalence of depression (32.2%; 95% CI = 27.2-37.7), anxiety (44.0%; 95% CI = 38.4-49.6), and stress (12.6%; 95% CI = 9.4-17.0) compared to depression (17.5%; 95%
Evaluation of depression and anxiety on HIV/AIDS in- patient
Since its discovery, the expansion of HIV/AIDS epidemic has been considered an issue of great concern. Even along the advances in treatment and the increase in life expectancy of patients, there are still several implications involved in the infection and its evolutionary process which need deeper studies. One of these implications is the combination between the impact of the disease and the mental disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the levels of depression and anxiety of HIV/AIDS inpatient and also searching a combination of these levels with the degrees of T-CD4 lymphocyte. The sample included 46 HIV/AIDS in-patient admitted to the Hospital of Infectious Diseases (Hospital de Infectologia) in São Paulo. The results have indicated the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms, mainly on women, and the non-combination between the T-CD4 classification and the level of symptomatology, besides the combination between these symptomatologies. For future studies it is suggested to build simplified tracking tools, specifically designed for this population.
Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 2015
Negative thinking and stigma in society against AIDS lead to many social issues, like physical and mental health problems in affected patients, leading to many difficulties in their useful activities and interests. Infected individuals are so vulnerable to many changes in their whole lives including reduction in self-confidence and self-esteem, decrease in daily functions and social activities, increase in sense of vulnerability, disorganized thinking, and also physical symptoms. Moreover, frequent visits to the doctor, the high cost of drugs, and also the side effects of drugs lead to the reduction of quality of life. [5] Depression is the most common secondary complication related to HIV, AIDS and the most common psychiatric disorder in these individuals. The prevalence of depression among HIV-positive patients is about 57% and it has been reported more than 5 times of the general population. HIV-positive individuals with depression may have more ABSTRACT AIMS: To compare depression, anxiety, stress, and related factors among women and men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In this cross-sectional survey conducted between November and September 2013, 200 participants with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) attending Consultation Centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants with HIV/AIDS were interviewed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales questionnaire (DASS 21). RESULTS: There were significant associations between marital status of women and the level of depression (P < 0.05). However, the mean depression and anxiety in women are greater than men (P < 0.05), and the mean stress in men is greater than women (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection is related with psychiatric disorders. According to the results, women are more vulnerable to depression and anxiety and they need more care. Management of these psychiatric disorders is very important and requires innovative comprehensive approaches.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2016
Background: One of the major health challenges faced by India is the rapid growth of HIV/AIDS and its impact upon human life. Co-morbidities like anxiety are often overlooked while providing ART services to HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore the present study was conducted to assess the anxiety and associated factors among PLHA (People Living with HIV/AIDS) on antiretroviral treatment attending tertiary care hospitals in Lucknow. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 among 170 patients on treatment attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre of two tertiary care hospitals of Lucknow. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit patients. The anxiety level of all included patients was scored as per Hamilton anxiety rating scale. Results: The mean HAM-A score of 179 patients was 10.74±6.04. Majority (92.1%) of the patients had HAM-A score less than 17 indicating mild severity, 5.0% of the patient had mild to moderate severity while only 2.7% had moderate to severe level of anxiety symptoms. None of the patient had very severe level of anxiety. Significant association was found between level of anxiety symptoms with educational status (0.03), perception of side-effects during last one month (0.03) and duration of treatment (0.04). Conclusions: People living with HIV/AIDS need to be periodically educated and informed about various issues associated with the disease severity and antiretroviral treatment along with its side-effects so that they could better cope with disease and its treatment outcomes over time and be able to seek early treatment accordingly.
AIDS and Behavior, 2012
The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence, types and correlates of anxiety disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending a sub-Saharan Africa HIV clinic. Three hundred HIV positive adults were subjected to semi-structured clinical interview using the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry to diagnose anxiety disorders in them. Additionally, a sociodemographic/clinical profile questionnaire designed for the study was administered to the study participants. The prevalence of anxiety disorders among PLWHA in this study was 21.7 %, and anxiety disorder unspecified (6.2 %), mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (5.3 %) and social phobia (4 %) among others were the subtypes of anxiety disorders elicited among the participants. Lack of family support [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.212, P \ 0.001], unemployment (r = 0.168, P = 0.004) and being unmarried (r = 0.182, P = 0.002) were much more likely to be found among participants with anxiety disorders; while younger age group (r = -0.126, P = 0.039) and negative previous mental illness (r = -0.894, P = 0.021) seem protective against anxiety disorders in this study. Our findings suggest a high burden of anxiety disorders among PLWHA and up to fivefolds when compared to the general population. Thus, integration of proactive mental health screening as well as treatment services with inclusion of targeted intervention for anxiety disorders among PLWHA is recommended.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019
Background: Depressive and anxious symptoms are more regularly seen in HIVinfected people than in the general population. This investigation planned to evaluate the magnitude and factors related to depressive and anxiety symptoms among HIV patients in South Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study directed among 363 HIVinfected individuals who had a customary visit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Yirgalem Hospital, Ethiopia, who were incorporated into the study through systematic sampling techniques. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was utilized to take a look at anxious and depressive symptoms. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37.66 years (SD ±10.03). The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 32.0% and 34.4%, respectively. Patients who were living alone [AOR = 1.94, (95% CI: 1.06, 3.56)], had poor social support [AOR = 5.57, (95% CI: 1.20, 10.84)] or had HIV-related perceived stigma [AOR = 2.35, (95% CI: 1.44, 3.84)] were more likely to have depression as compared to their counterparts. Those with a previous history of mental illness [AOR = 3.36, (95% CI: 1.31, 8.61)] and poor social support [AOR = 6.67, (95% CI: 1.47, 10.33)] were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the current study was high. Concerned health departments of the country should create guidelines to screen and treat depression and anxiety among HIV patients. Further research on hazard factors of depression and anxiety ought to be examined to strengthen and expand these findings.
International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2012
Anxiety disorders (ADs) occurring in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are often poorly identified in spite of the untold consequences that may result if not diagnosed and treated promptly. This study aimed to describe factors associated with ADs among PLWHA. Three hundred participants were administered sociodemographic/clinical profile questionnaires, and diagnoses of ADs were made using Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) criteria. In this study, 65 (21.7%) participants were diagnosed with ADs. A lack of family support, unemployment, younger mean age and being unmarried ( P < 0.05) were factors associated with ADs in PLWHA; however, lack of family support (odds ratio [OR] = 0.458, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.254–0.827, P = 0.010), being unmarried (OR = 1.930, 95% CI = 1.046–3.560, P = 0.035) and unemployment (OR = 0.495, 95% CI = 0.264–0.926, P = 0.028) were the only factors t...
Contemporary prevalence and predictors of anxiety among patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana
Ghana Medical Journal
Objectives: To identify the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety in people living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary centre in Ghana.Design: The study employed a cross-sectional design.Setting: The study was conducted in the outpatient HIV clinic of a tertiary hospital.Participants: Participants were adult PLWHA receiving OPD care, including those established on combined an-tiretroviral therapy (cART) and newer patients who were not on cART. Four hundred ninety-five participants aged ≥30 years were consecutively enrolled on the study.Interventions: Demographic and clinical data were collected using standard questionnaires and patient files. Anxiety was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors.Main outcome measure: Proportion of PLWHA who had HADS score of ≥8Results: Overall prevalence of anxiety was 61.0% (95%CI: 56.6 – 65.3), with no significant difference between re-cently di...