Stigma towards clients in HIV/AIDS care settings (original) (raw)
Related papers
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease, 2020
The stigma of people living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA) by health workers may have a broad impact, so it is necessary to identify the factors that influence the occurrence of stigma. Identification of factors that cause a decrease in stigmatization by health workers will have an impact on improving the quality of life of people with HIV, increasing compliance with medication, and ultimately reducing the incidence of HIV infection itself. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to PLWHA’s perception of stigma among health workers in the community health center. This research applied a cross-sectional design using interviews. Ninety-four patients from the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, a tertiary level hospital, were interviewed. The stigma perception was assessed using a questionnaire modified from the Standardized Brief Questionnaire by Health Policy Project with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.786. The data were simultaneously analyzed with...
Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2013
Introduction: Within healthcare settings, HIV-related stigma is a recognized barrier to access of HIV prevention and treatment services and yet, few efforts have been made to scale-up stigma reduction programs in service delivery. This is in part due to the lack of a brief, simple, standardized tool for measuring stigma among all levels of health facility staff that works across diverse HIV prevalence, language and healthcare settings. In response, an international consortium led by the Health Policy Project, has developed and field tested a stigma measurement tool for use with health facility staff. Methods: Experts participated in a content-development workshop to review an item pool of existing measures, identify gaps and prioritize questions. The resulting questionnaire was field tested in six diverse sites (China, Dominica, Egypt, Kenya, Puerto Rico and St. Christopher & Nevis). Respondents included clinical and non-clinical staff. Questionnaires were self-or interviewer-administered. Analysis of item performance across sites examined both psychometric properties and contextual issues. Results: The key outcome of the process was a substantially reduced questionnaire. Eighteen core questions measure three programmatically actionable drivers of stigma within health facilities (worry about HIV transmission, attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV), and health facility environment, including policies), and enacted stigma. The questionnaire also includes one short scale for attitudes towards PLHIV (5-item scale, a 0 0.78). Conclusions: Stigma-reduction programmes in healthcare facilities are urgently needed to improve the quality of care provided, uphold the human right to healthcare, increase access to health services, and maximize investments in HIV prevention and treatment. This brief, standardized tool will facilitate inclusion of stigma measurement in research studies and in routine facility data collection, allowing for the monitoring of stigma within healthcare facilities and evaluation of stigma-reduction programmes. There is potential for wide use of the tool either as a stand-alone survey or integrated within other studies of health facility staff.
International journal of community based nursing and midwifery, 2015
Despite the success of developed countries in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS, the disease is expanding in developing countries where an unfavorable attitude exists among people, health professionals and employees. This study aimed to assess the stigmatized attitude among health care providers toward people living with HIV (PLWHA). The study is a cross-sectional survey. The data were gathered using a structured questionnaire. The study sample included 575 health care providers of public and private hospitals in Shiraz. The data were gathered using a structured questionnaire in spring 2014. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21. The most dominant attitude of the health care providers toward HIV/AIDS patients was related to fear (42.42%). According to the results of this study, there was a significant relationship between stigmatized attitude of the health care providers and their religious beliefs, society stigmatized attitude, ...
Combating HIV stigma in health care settings: what works?
Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2009
The purpose of this review paper is to provide information and guidance to those in the health care setting about why it is important to combat HIV-related stigma and how to successfully address its causes and consequences within health facilities. Research shows that stigma and discrimination in the health care setting and elsewhere contributes to keeping people, including health workers, from accessing HIV prevention, care and treatment services and adopting key preventive behaviours. Health facilities should respond in a multi-faceted way to address HIV-positive health workers' fear of stigma and loss of confidentiality. The response should include private and confidential counselling and testing services, access to antiretroviral therapy, and professional and emotional support, either on the premises or at a conven-
Beyond negative attitudes: Examining HIV/AIDS stigma behaviors in clinical encounters
AIDS Care, 2017
HIV/AIDS related stigma remains a major global health issue with detrimental consequences for the treatment and health of people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA), especially when manifested by health professionals. Research on HIV/AIDS stigma has successfully documented negative attitudes towards PWHA among health professionals. However, fewer studies have examined how stigma is manifested behaviorally by health professionals during clinical interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to: (1) examine the behavioral manifestations of HIV/AIDS stigma among physicians in training during clinical interactions, and (2) document the interrelation between HIV/AIDS stigma attitudes and behaviors. We implemented an experimental design using Standardized Patient (SP) simulations, observational techniques, and quantitative questionnaires. The sample consisted of 66 physicians in training in Puerto Rico who engaged in SP encounters with two scenarios: (1) PWHA infected via illegal drug use (experimental condition), and (2) a person with a common cold (control condition). Results evidenced statistically significant differences between both simulations (p = .047), with a higher number of stigma behaviors manifested in the experimental condition. HIV/AIDS stigma attitudes were not correlated with stigma behaviors. Negative emotions associated with drug use were positively associated with drug-related stigmatizing behaviors.
Predictors of HIV Related Stigma among Healthcare Providers in Lusaka, Zambia
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2020
Background: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS remain a major public health crisis in Zambia [[13]]. One of the barriers to effective HIV response is the HIV-related stigma and discrimination among Healthcare providers towards patients receiving diagnostic procedure or treatment. It's suggested that most studies concentrate on perceptions of discrimination, with occasional studies involving explicit discriminatory behaviors [[6]]. The purpose of this study was to identify factors contributing to HIV stigma and discrimination among healthcare workers in order to recommend evidence-based interventions that would help reduce HIV-related stigma in order to enhance quality of HIV prevention, care and treatment. Methodology: Using an analytic cross-sectional research design, 370 health providers' attitudes and behaviors towards HIV-patients were analyzed and the driving factors of discriminatory behavior were explored, which provided countermeasures and sources for appropriate departments to eradicate prejudice in the medical field, protect the medical interests of PLHIV, support and monitor HIV prevention. Results: Levels of stigma were reported by all groups included in the study; willingness to prohibit women living with HIV from having children (43%), wearing double gloves (64.5%), and using special infection control measures (50%) and avoided physical contact (36.5%) when caring for HIV infected clients. Conclusion: The study revealed that the HIV stigma and discrimination by healthcare providers in urban Lusaka was not uncommon. Potential care and support for HIV patients should therefore concentrate on strengthening the cognitions and behaviors of Healthcare providers toward PLHIV to ensure that they receive prompt and effective treatment and assistance.
Stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2019
Stigma and discrimination among Medical Care Providers (MCPs) towards HIV patients is a common observed problem that can compromise effectiveness of prevention and treatment efforts by discouraging individuals from being tested or seeking information on how to protect themselves and others. This research aimed to determine the existence of stigma and discrimination among health care providers towards people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in River Nile state. A descriptive Cross sectional hospital based study conducted in Atbara, Edamer and Berber hospitals. Questionnaire containing six parts covering the personal data, knowledge about HIV, attitude, availability of PPDs and discriminatory practices of MCPs was used. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. Three hundred and nighty participated consisting of 136 doctors, 219 nurses, and 35 midwives. Out of these, 68.2% of participants had overall satisfactory knowledge, 30% had good knowledge, while only 1.8% had poor knowledge. Majority (74.4%) stated that MCPs were discriminatory in their practices towards HIV patients. There was a correlation between common discriminatory practices and total attitude, and availability of PPDs (p<0.05). No correlation between the common discriminatory practices and total knowledge scores. Discriminatory practices do exist among MCPs towards PLWHA in River Nile state.
2016
Background: Certain individual and institutional factors such as knowledge about stigma and discrimination, fear of infection, social judgement, legal and policy environment act as actionable drivers and facilitators of HIV-related stigma and discrimination. These factors may hinder the utilisation and quality of care provided to people living with HIV. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the actionable drivers and facilitators that determine the different forms of HIV-related stigma and discrimination among healthcare professionals at a district hospital in Malawi. Methods: The study used a descriptive correlational study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPPS and STATA 12. Fisher's Exact Test was used to conclude the association and binary logistic regression was used to model the degree of the statistical relationships. Results: The results showed statistically significant relationship between knowledge of sti...
Determinants Model in Reducing HIV-Related Stigma in Health care Workers: A Systematic Review
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: The stigma accepted by people living with HIV (PLWHA) is a major obstacle in HIV prevention, especially from health workers. Aims: This study aims to determine the factors associated with HIV stigma among health workers. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using the 2015 PRISMA guidelines. All publications by reading the title and abstract. In the final screening stage, the authors read the full text of the remainder of the article and held back studies that were consistent with inclusion criteria, focusing on HIV-related stigma determinants published in 2010-2020. Results: The stigma that comes from health workers to PLWHA can come from personal beliefs or a lack of personal confidence, which can be derived from self-confidence, self-confidence, knowledge, working time, and institutional support or policies from the workplace that create discriminatory behavior when dealing with PLWHA. The created stigma can reduce social interactions and the quality of life o...
Healthcare Workers Attitude and Stigma among People living withHIV/AIDS (PLHA): A Literature Review
Journal of Health and Caring Sciences
Background: The concept of stigma and discrimination discussed in literature illuminate patient's experiences in the hands of health care providers. The review aims to assess the existing literature published in internet databases focusing on the personal perception of stigma and discrimination of health care workers as well as the patient's perception of their attitudes that may be stigmatizing and discriminatory. Methodology: A web-based search was done in the three (3) databases including EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The search utilized five keywords: 'Stigma'; 'Discrimination', 'Perception', HIV/AIDS,' and 'Nurses.' Inclusion criteria includes full-text, peer-reviewed, academic journal in the English language, and published between the years 2013-2018. The studies were screened according to their relevance to the objectives of the study. The quantitative and qualitative checklist of the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria ...