Anadolu Florasına Ait Bazı Alyssum L. Türlerinin Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Antibiyofilm Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi (original) (raw)
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Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology
The methanolic extract of Alysicarpus vaginalis was selected for fractionation due to its known reported biological activity. The four fractions were separated and subjected for in vitro antimitotic and anti-proliferative assays along with anti-cancer activity on two human cancers cell lines (SK-MEL-2 and Hep-G2). The antimicrobial potential of fractions had been evaluated against bacteria and fungi. From the all fractions, acetone and n-butanol fractions were effective against the cell lines. They show strong inhibitory action with mitotic index 6.2 and 8.4 mg/mL and IC50 values of anti-proliferative assay in between 19.7 to 14.2 mg/mL respectively, which was found to be comparable to the standard methothrexate 5.9 mg/mL and 13.2 mg/mL respectively. In antimicrobial activity, the zone of inhibition had been observed in the range of 12-27 mm and MIC value was found in the range of 0.2-0.1 mg/mL. The acetone fraction was found to be most active against fungi, and E. coli whereas chloroform and n-butanol fractions were more effective against S. aureus and B. subtilis. The phytochemical characterization by HPLC analysis indicated the presence of important polyphenolic and steroidal compounds.
SCREENING OF SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ALYSSUM FULVESCENS VAR. FULVESCENS KNOWN AS EGE MADWORT
Acta Biologica Hungarica, 2017
In this research, the phenolic composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the methanolic extracts obtained from Alyssum fulvescens var. fulvescens aerial parts known as Ege kudu-zotu in western Turkey, were firstly investigated. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by DPPH, metal chelating, phosphomolybdenum, β-carotene/linoleic acid and ferric reducing power assays. Moreover, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extract were investigated. The brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality test was used to investigate for the possible cytotoxic activity of the extract. Microdilution broth method was used to study antibacterial potency of extract against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The extract exhibited good biological activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extract were significantly correlated with antioxidant potentials. HPLC analysis showed that chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic in extract tested. The results indicated that the extract of A. fulvescens var. fulvescens may be considered as a potential source of biological agents and in vivo investigations are needed to test the biological effects of A. fulvescens var. fulvescens.
Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2017
The methanolic extract of Alysicarpus vaginalis was selected for fractionation due to its known reported biological activity. The four fractions were separated and subjected for in vitro antimitotic and anti-proliferative assays along with anti-cancer activity on two human cancers cell lines (SK-MEL-2 and Hep-G2). The antimicrobial potential of fractions had been evaluated against bacteria and fungi. From all fractions, acetone and n-butanol fractions were effective against the cell lines. They show strong inhibitory action with mitotic index 6.2 and 8.4 mg/mL and IC50 values of anti-proliferative assay in between 19.7 to 14.2 mg/mL respectively, which was found to be comparable to the standard methothrexate 5.9 mg/mL and 13.2 mg/mL respectively. In antimicrobial activity, the zone of inhibition had been observed in the range of 12-27 mm and MIC value was found in the range of 0.2-0.1 mg/mL. The acetone fraction was found to be most active against fungi, and E. coli whereas chlorofo...
Assessment of Essential Oils from Different Iranian Species of Alyssum
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2019
Medicinal plants have been well documented to have the ability of producing natural products such as essential oils with antioxidant, pharmacological, and cosmetic properties [1]. Essential oils (EOs) as a part of secondary metabolites are used in a variety of forms as natural antioxidant agents, biocides, perfumes, and drugs [2]. Alyssum genus, as one of the bi-regional genera of the Brassicaceae family, has been domesticated in the territories of Irano-Turanian and the Mediterranean region [3]. Iran has been recognized as an important hotspot of genetic diversity and an area of high endemism for Alyssum [4]. Notably, 33 genera of Alyssum are native to Iran such as A. lepidotum Boiss. and A. homolocarpum Boiss. [4]. Alyssum homolocarpum, which is traditionally known as Qudume Shirazi in Iran, is administered for various diseases such as irritating affections, neurological disorders, dry coughs, and kidney stone [4]. Alyssum lepidotum is a native plant of southwest Asia and southwest regions of Europe, which is usually characterized by its copiously mucilaginous seeds [3]. Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam. is a winter annual herb that is acclimatized with tropical regions. Alyssum minus (L.) Rothm. (or European alyssum) is distributed in the Euro-Mediterranean area, Macaronesia, North Africa, and Asia. The aim of the present research is to document essential oils of different Alyssum species from Iran by GC/MS analysis. The EOs of leaves of four different species of Alyssum ranged from 0.01% (A. homolocarpum) to 0.08% (A. maritimum) (Table 1) by means of two replications in each accession. Through GC/MS, different compounds were categorized in different chemical groups, including monoterpenes, cyclic aromatics, alkaline hydrocarbons, aldehydes, sesquiterpenoids, fatty acids, esters, and sterols (Table 1). Broad differences in the qualitative and quantitative compositions were observed, which could be due to differences in species, genotypes, geographical locations, and growth conditions. Fatty acids were present in the highest amounts in A. lepidotum (24.43%), A. minus (20.65%), and A. maritimum (30.02%), but alkaline hydrocarbons were in the highest amounts in A. homolocarpum accession (Table 1). trans-Phytol (17.52%), methyl linoleate (17.48%), p-cymene (10.7%), and phthalic acid (16.18%) were the most identified components in A. lepidotum, A. homolocarpum, A. minus, and A. maritimum, respectively. 6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (22.09%), 1,8-cineole (11.91%), and hexadecane (4.19%) were the major constituents of A. pateri essential oil [5], which shows the genetic diversity of bioactive compounds in different Alyssum species. Phytol (acyclic diterpene alcohol) with antibacterial, antioxidative, anticancer, and antiflammatory effects [1, 6], was present in A. lepidotum and A. homolocarpum (Table 1). Sterols were found in all the species as an important plant lipid with anti-atherogenic properties [7]. trans-Phytol and p-cymene were found in four different species (monoterpene hydrocarbons). Phthalic acid with antioxidant properties was found in all Alyssum species, in accordance with previous reports in A. pateri [5]. Tricosane with cytotoxicity against cancer cells [8] was identified in all species. Moreover, heneicosane (17%) with antibacterial properties was found in A. homolocarpum. Also, squalene (a triterpene with antioxidant, antitumor, hypocholesterolemic, and natural moisturizer activities [9]) was found only in A. maritimum, similar to the findings in Vitex negundo [6]. The chemical compounds of α-ionene and β-ionene were observed in A. lepidotum and A. homolocarpum, similar to the findings in A. pateri [5]. This difference among species could be due to different methods of leaf extraction and the genotypes used [10]. Linolenic acid was the main fatty acid in A. lepidotum (12.47%), followed by phthalic acid (10.98%). The leaves of Alyssum sp., containing high levels of linolenic acid, possess anticoronary and hypocholesterolemic effects, which could be important in improving natural foods, especially in reducing cardiovascular diseases. Saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic acid) were found in A. minus and A. maritimum. Small amounts of phytosterol compounds with antioxidant properties (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and stigmasterol) were found in all studied species.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Alysicarpus vaginalis var. nummularifolius (DC) along with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The crude extract of hexane (AVH), ethyl acetate (AVE) and methanol (AVM) of Alysicarpus vaginalis var. nummularifolius (DC) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity activity of the plant extracts was predicted using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The antimicrobial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts were examined against 5 bacterial and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method, and two fold serial dilution method, respectively. Results: The phytochemical screening studies showed a higher concentration of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones and terpenoids in AVM than the other two extracts. The LC50 value of AVH and AVE were found to be 900.05 µg/ml and 754.35 µg/ml respectively using BSLA while that of AVM was>1000 ug/ml. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms. The MIC values of AVM were lower than AVE for all the microbial strains except for Pseudomonas aeroginosa where AVE (107.87µg/ml) exhibited higher value than AVM (51µg/ml). Conclusion: The present study concluded AVM with a high presence of phytochemicals. The AVE and AVM were found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards. The AVM exhibited lesser toxicity when compared with AVH and AVE.
Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa, 2020
This study investigated antimicrobial properties of Alchornea cordifolia leaf extract against a panel of selected bacterial strains. It also assessed antioxidant and phytochemical properties of the plant constituents responsible for the bioactive actions recorded. The antimicrobial potentials of the crude extract along with the fractions obtained were determined using the agar well-diffusion method. The most active fraction was partially purified by a combination of thin-layer and column chromatography; and the antimicrobial activity of the resulting samples was tested against the bacterial strains. The results showed that the leaf extract of A. cordifolia and the obtained fractions exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activities. Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, resins, sterols, carbohydrates and terpenoids. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the crude extracts were 0.55-4.38 mg/mL while those of the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were 0.08-2.50 and 0.08-0.63 mg/mL, respectively. The rate of kill assay showed that the percentage of cells killed was related to concentrations and contact time. The nucleotide and potassium ion leakage from test cells also increased with an increase in the fraction concentrations as well as the contact time intervals. Alchornea cordifolia extract exhibited 50% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities at 2.1 µg/mL, whereas the ascorbic acid used as standard had a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 12.3 µg/mL. The major active constituent of the purified sample was 6-octadecanoic acid. This study showed that A. cordifolia leaf extract, which possesses antioxidant properties, exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against the test pathogens.
2011
Physalis alkekengi L. has been used as anti-infective plant in Iranian traditional medicine. To investigate antifungal acitivity of the plant extract, wild plant collected and identified. Aerial plant parts were air dried and powdered subsequently macerated in solvent. Extracts was concentrated by rotary evaporator at 60 C under reduced pressure. Aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts used against Microsporum canis (PTCC 5069), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231, PTCC 5027), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (PTCC 5054) and Nocardia asteroids (clinically isolated) in definite concentration to determined minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of extracts. Antifungal bioassays were carried out by using agar tube dilution method. Aqueous extracts have limited spectrum antifungal effect in compare to other extracts. Ethanol extracts have the strongest effect with MIC= 15.62 for all tested fungi. Acetone extracts although have broad spectrum ability as ethanol extracts but should be used in higher concentration to fully inhibit C.albicans. Isolated N. asteroids were the most sensitive fungi in present study. C.albicans was the most resistance fungi compare to 3 other fungi species.
Determination of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Alchemilla alpina L
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2021
Alchemilla genus, which belongs to the Rosaceae family, is a medicinal plant used for various purposes among the people. Species of this genus are known in Turkish folk medicine as lion claw or hazelnut grass. Especially, they are used mainly women’s illnesses, in gastritis, anti-inflammatory, as carminative, and in the treatment of wound. Besides the antimutagenic effect of Alchemilla alpina L., its above-ground parts are used for antimycotic purposes in the form of tea or oral care water. In this study, it has been aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of the above-ground parts of Alchemilla alpina extracts obtained from methanol, ethanol and chloroform and the antioxidant activity of different concentrations of the extract obtained from methanol. The antimicrobial activity of methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of the above-ground parts of A. alpina has been determined according to disk disc diffusion method. In the results obtained have been showed that these extract...
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Turkish Medicinal Plants
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2001
In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), Stachys annua (L.) subsp. annua Ic., Stachys pumilia Banks & Sol., Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae), Allium neapolitanum Lyr. (Liliaceae), Salvia viridis L. (Lamiaceae), and Nicotina rustica (Solanaceae) species were investigated. The microbial effects of these plants were tested by a disk diffusion method using Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Bacillus brevis FMC 3, Bacillus subtilis IMG 22, Bacillus cereus FMC 19, Escherichia coli DM, Enterobacter aerogenes CCM 2531, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 50071, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and Micrococcus luteus LA 2971, Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans CCM 314. The results showed that the fruit extract of R. coriaria had the strongest antimicrobial effect with an inhibition zone of 35-51 mm against all the bacteria used, while S. viridis demonstrated the weakest antibacterial effect, inhibiting only the development of S. aureus, with an inhibition zone of 11 mm. A. neapolitanum, L. nobilis and N. rustica extracts were effective only with some yeasts. The growth of S. aureus was inhibited by all the plant extracts except for S. annua subsp. annua, having an inhibition zone ranging from 7-8 mm. With the exception of B. subtilis IMG 22, L. monocytogenes Scott A and M. luteus LA 2971, the growth of the other bacteria was inhibited by all the extracts. Except for the fruit extracts of R. coriaria and A. neapolitanum, all additional extracts of generated inhibition zones smaller than those generated by several reference antibiotics.