Cerebrospinal Fluid Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

To analyze the clinical efficacy of cidofovir combined with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoen-cepalopathy (PML), a multicenter observational study was performed. Consecutive... more

To analyze the clinical efficacy of cidofovir combined with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoen-cepalopathy (PML), a multicenter observational study was performed. Consecutive HIV-positive patients with histologically or virologically proven PML and at least 4 weeks of treatment after diagnosis were examined: 27 patients were treated with HAART, whereas 16 patients were treated with HAART plus cidofovir 5 mg/kg intravenously per week for the first 2 weeks and every other week thereafter. JC virus DNA was quantified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by PCR. Baseline virologic, immunologic, and clinical characteristics as well as HIV RNA and CD4 responses to HAART were homogeneous between the groups. The median follow-up was 132 weeks. In one case (6%), cidofovir was permanently discontinued because of severe proteinuria. One-year cumulative probability of survival was 0.61 with cidofovir and 0.29 without (log rank test P = 0.02). After adjusting for baseline CD4 counts, JC viral load in CSF, Karnofsky, and use of HAART prior to the onset of PML, the use of cidofovir was independently associated with a reduced risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.21, 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.65; P = 0.005). A randomized study will definitively establish whether cidofovir confers significant advantage over HAART alone in AIDS-related PML.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the elderly. The biochemical changes that precede AD may be present up to 20 years before the clinical manifestation of the disease. The translational development of AD biomarkers... more

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the elderly. The biochemical changes that precede AD may be present up to 20 years before the clinical manifestation of the disease. The translational development of AD biomarkers may be theoretically achieved via two different strategies: the first strategy can be defined as ‘knowledge-based’ (deductive method), while the second one

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare syndrome of lymphoma and leukemic infiltration of cranial or peripheral nerves. We report a case of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in a 24-year-old man presented with difficulty in swallowing,... more

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare syndrome of lymphoma and leukemic infiltration of cranial or peripheral nerves. We report a case of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in a 24-year-old man presented with difficulty in swallowing, hypersalivation, hoarseness, ptosis, facial paralysis, and facial hypoesthesia associated with NL. NL was diagnosed based upon cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. The patient was treated with intrathecal methotreaxate (12.5 mg) and cytosine arabinoside (70 mg), systemic high-dose methotrexate therapy, and cranial radiotherapy. Due to the deterioration of general condition of the patient, he was admitted to intensive care unit, but died 22 days after the onset of symptoms in spite of aggressive treatment. In this case, we present a patient with T cell lymphoma and multineuritis of NL diagnosed by MRI and as far as we know, this is the first reported case in which so many cranial nerves (3, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 th) were ...

Our earlier studies demonstrated that representative microbial substances--lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and poly-inosine: poly-cytosine (poly(I):(C))--increased the spontaneous discharge rates and sensory-evoked responses of... more

Our earlier studies demonstrated that representative microbial substances--lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and poly-inosine: poly-cytosine (poly(I):(C))--increased the spontaneous discharge rates and sensory-evoked responses of isolated locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in a dose- and time-related manner after i.p. injection into rats. We then turned our attention to the mechanism by which microbial substances administered into the peritoneal cavity affect the LC neurons. The involvement of the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerves was examined in this regard since several brain responses to peripherally administered lipopolysaccharide have been found to depend upon the integrity of these nerves. The experiments reported here show that lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and poly(I):(C) all failed to excite LC neurons after i.p. injection into rats that had previously been subjected to complete transection of the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerves. Furthermore, selective transection of the subdiaph...

The objective of the treatment of intracranial hypertension is to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) while maintaining cerebral blood flow (CBF). Despite numerous treatments, none of them associates total efficiency and security.... more

The objective of the treatment of intracranial hypertension is to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) while maintaining cerebral blood flow (CBF). Despite numerous treatments, none of them associates total efficiency and security. Systemic secondary cerebral injuries, which are responsible for cerebral ischemia, lead us to administer non specific treatments in order to optimize CBF and cerebral oxygenation. Thus, the goals are:

Background: Durotomy induced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a terrible complication in spine surgery that could be occurred even with expertise. The estimated rate of CSF leakage in intentional durotomies varies from 5 to 13% in... more

Background: Durotomy induced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a terrible complication in spine surgery that could be occurred even with expertise. The estimated rate of CSF leakage in intentional durotomies varies from 5 to 13% in intradural spinal tumor resection to even higher rate for surgeries for tethered cord syndrome or Chiari I malformation. Different treatment modalities are utilized as conservative measures, direct sutures, autograft, dural substitutes and sealant agents to overcome this complication. Patient and method: This is a retrospective descriptive study of thirty patients were operated upon at neurosurgery department of Elsahil teaching hospital from November 2014 to November 2019. They were operated for intradural spinal cord tumor excision followed by primary direct sutural repair of the durotomy site augmented with autograft and concomitant insertion of subfascial tube as a drainage tube for seven to ten days. Aim: To evaluate the results of primary direct dural repair with continuous locking sutures and on lay gel foam layer augmented with autograft (fat or muscle) without sealant agents. With concomitant insertion of subfascial tube closed system as drainage in planned intradural surgery. Results: After subfascial tube removal three cases (10%) show persistent leakage that managed conservatively with tapering cessation within three J Spine Res Surg 2020; 2 (4): 130-137 Journal of Spine Research and Surgery 131 weeks till complete cessation of the CSF leakage occur. One of the three cases developed pseudomeningocele (3.3%) after complete wound closure and cessation of the leakage. Conclusion: Direct sutural repair of the durotomy site with continuous locking sutural closure and on lay gel foam layer and fat or muscle graft without any sealant agents, and concomitant insertion of subfascial tube closed system as a drainage tube for seven to ten days, is effective and safe economic method for dural repair.

PURPOSE: To present a normative volumetric database, spanning 5 decades of life, of cerebro- spinal fluid, subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid, total brain volume, total ventricular volume (com- ponent ventricular volumes of lateral,... more

PURPOSE: To present a normative volumetric database, spanning 5 decades of life, of cerebro- spinal fluid, subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid, total brain volume, total ventricular volume (com- ponent ventricular volumes of lateral, temporal horn, and third and fourth ventricles) and estimates of white and gray matter, based on a multispectral segmentation of brain MR. This database is presented as a reference

Bacterial meningitis is a neurological emergency. Empiric antimicrobial and adjunctive therapy should be initiated as soon as a single set of blood cultures has been obtained. Clinical signs suggestive of bacterial meningitis include... more

Bacterial meningitis is a neurological emergency. Empiric antimicrobial and adjunctive therapy should be initiated as soon as a single set of blood cultures has been obtained. Clinical signs suggestive of bacterial meningitis include fever, headache, meningismus, vomiting, photophobia, and an altered level of consciousness. The peripheral white blood cell count with a left shift, an elevated serum procalcitonin and C-reactive