Chaos Theory and Complexity Science Research Papers (original) (raw)

The space within which the entrepreneurs exist is filled with risks, opportunities and other environmental resources. Scholars have argued that entrepreneurs are constantly discovering and identifying value potentials because significant values arise from the existence of positive externalities which can be captured and exploited. Positive externalities or opportunities can create substantial and desirable gains if they can be monetized, leveraged and exploited. These externalities refer to the natural environmental resources within the space where the entrepreneurs operate (Hoogendoorn et al., 2019). From the perspective of space, this paper will explore the emergence of opportunities or risks within the space through the theoretical lens of structuration and complex science and will specifically discuss the collision and the meeting of opportunities with the entrepreneurs at the nexus from the perspective of entrepreneurial energy excitation.
Entrepreneurship originates from a nexus of individuals and opportunities (Shane, 2003). The unique juncture in space or nexus in which the entrepreneurs and opportunities exist is central to the study of entrepreneurship because it is in this juncture or nexus that identification and evaluation of risks and opportunities take place. It is the subsequent human actions, driven by the level of entrepreneurial energy that will lead to the myriad of possible venture pathways. For risks, entrepreneurs perceive them and will subsequent work towards mitigation or avoidance through varied measures. The exploitation of opportunities is concerned with acquiring and employing resources in the space to gain certain advantages. Likewise, with risks, entrepreneurs perceive the risks and work towards the mitigation or avoidance of the perceived risk in the venture pathways.
In this paper, entrepreneurship is viewed through structuration and complexity science lens to present the entrepreneurial venture as the instantiated outcome of the entrepreneur–opportunity interaction through time and space (Sarason et al., 2006). Complexity science offers a theoretical lens for exploring the complex interdependencies of a complex, and adaptive pluralistic world with irreversibility and randomness being the rules- a dynamical systems in the natural and physical worlds. The key central concept of complexity is that interactivities between parts of open systems that creates unpredictable and seemingly random patterns. While the history of the open system is relevant in understanding its dynamics, the specific isolation of individual part of the system does not reveal the casual mechanisms in the system (Fuller & Moran, 2001).
The paper explores whether how entrepreneurial energy arise from the convergence/ collision of entrepreneurs with opportunities in a dynamical, unpredictable and random way in a nexus in space.

This article presents a summary of applications of chaos and fractals in robotics. Firstly, basic concepts of determin‐ istic chaos and fractals are discussed. Then, fundamental tools of chaos theory used for identifying and quantifying chaotic dynamics will be shared. Principal applications of chaos and fractal structures in robotics research, such as chaotic mobile robots, chaotic behaviour exhibited by mobile robots interacting with the environment, chaotic optimization algorithms, chaotic dynamics in bipedal locomotion and fractal mechanisms in modular robots will be presented. A brief survey is reported and an analysis of the reviewed publications is also presented.

- by Sajid Iqbal
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- Fractal Geometry, Mobile Robotics, Mathematical Biology, Swarm Intelligence

Since its inception in 1989, World Wide Web has been reshaping the idea of open learning. But in the field of distance education, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are the latest innovation. This paper presents concepts of chaos theory for developing a framework for this rapidly emerging form of online learning in general and engineering education in particular. The metaphors of chaos theory can be used in education because a MOOC classroom is a complex dynamical system. The authors find the metaphors of deterministic chaos like sensitive dependence on initial conditions, nonlinearity, and complexity relevant to teaching and learning MOOCs.

- by Sajid Iqbal and +1
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- Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

In this paper, we will study a new class of chaotic maps on locally compact Hausdorff spaces called Lambda-type chaotic maps and θ-type chaotic maps. The Lambda-type chaotic map implies chaotic map which implies θ-type chaotic map. Further, the definition of topological Lambda-type chaos implies John Tylar definition which implies topological θ-type chaos definition. Relationships with some other types of chaotic maps defined on topological spaces are given.

In this paper, we apply adaptive control method to derive new results for the global chaos synchronization of 4-D chaotic systems, viz. identical Lorenz-Stenflo(LS) systems (Stenflo, 2001), identical Qi systems (Qi, Chen and Du, 2005) and non-identical LS and Qi systems. In this paper, we shall assume that the parameters of both master and slave systems are unknown and we devise adaptive control schemes for synchronization using the estimates of parameters for both master and slave systems. Our adaptive synchronization schemes derived in this paper are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the adaptive control method is very effective and convenient to synchronize identical and non-identical LS and Qi systems. Numerical simulations are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive synchronization schemes for the identical and non-identical, uncertain LS and Qi 4-D chaotic systems.

This article proposes an approach to synchronize a class of unidimensional spatiotemporal chaotic systems using exponential nonlinear observers. The article focuses on generalized synchronization with parameter mismatching and a unidirectional master–slave topology. The approach involves the conception of two different nonlinear observers to estimate the unknown parameters of a master system, such that the estimated parameters can be injected into a controller to synchronize the slave with the master. To illustrate the proposed approach, an example based on the Gray–Scott equations that exposes the synchronization and the observer conception is presented.

Harold Innis was one of the most profound thinkers that Canada ever produced. Such was his influence on the field of communication that Marshall McLuhan once declared his own work was a mere footnote to Innis. But over the past sixty years scholars have had a hard time explaining his brilliance, in large measure because Innis' dense, elliptical writing style has hindered easy explication and interpretation. But behind the dense verbiage lies a profound philosophy of history. In Emergence and Empire, John Bonnett offers a fresh take on Innis' work by demonstrating that his purpose was to understand the impact of self-organizing, emergent change on economies and societies. Innis' interest in emergent change induced him to craft an original and bold philosophy of history informed by concepts as diverse as information, Kantian idealism, and business cycle theory. Bonnett provides a close reading of Innis' oeuvre that connects works of communication and economic history to present a fuller understanding of Innis' influences and influence. Emergence and Empire presents a portrait of an original and prescient thinker who anticipated the importance of developments such as information visualization and whose understanding of change is remarkably similar to that which is promoted by the science of complexity today.

- by John Bonnett
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- Economic History, Canadian Studies, Communication, Visual Studies

This article presents a summary of applications of chaos and fractals in robotics. Firstly, basic concepts of deterministic chaos and fractals are discussed. Then, fundamental tools of chaos theory used for identifying and quantifying chaotic dynamics will be shared. Principal applications of chaos and fractal structures in robotics research, such as chaotic mobile robots, chaotic behaviour exhibited by mobile robots interacting with the environment, chaotic optimization algorithms, chaotic dynamics in bipedal locomotion and fractal mechanisms in modular robots will be presented. A brief survey is reported and an analysis of the reviewed publications is also presented.

- by Sajid Iqbal
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- Engineering, Fractal Geometry, Chaos Theory, Locomotion

- by LIZETH TORRES and +1
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- Mathematical Biology, Chaos Theory, Synchronization, Mathematical Modelling

We consider nonlinear dynamical systems with chaotic and hyperchaotic behaviour. We investigate
the behaviour of the Hurst exponent at the transition from chaos to hyperchaos. A two-dimensional
coupled logistic map is studied.

- by Eugenio Andrieu
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- Chaos Theory and Complexity Science