Medium Access Control protocols in WSN Research Papers (original) (raw)

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"In this paper, a cognitive radio based medium access control (CR-MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks that utilizes cognitive radio transmission is used. In cognitive radio (CR) networks, identifying the available spectrum resource through spectrum sensing, deciding on the optimal sensing and transmission times, and coordinating with the other users for spectrum access are the important functions of the medium access control (MAC) protocols. In this paper, the sensor nodes are classified into nodes of critical information, and nodes of non-critical information. The CR-MAC protocol prioritizes the critical packets access to the transmission medium by transmitting them with higher power while transmitting lower priority packets using lower transmission power. The network throughputs can be improved by increasing number of traffic rate, also the end-to-end delay will minimizes by CR-MAC protocol. And a motive to take advantage of heavy traffic rate which may occur at the receiver, a higher priority packet experience collision only when there are more than one critical packet transmission at the same time slot while non critical packets experience collision when there are more than one transmission at the same time slot.

Due to the remarkable increase in media traffic over the existing best-effort IP Internet, the Internet congestion state is expected to worsen. TCP-friendly rate control protocol TFRC is one of the most promising congestion control techniques developed so far. Those techniques have been thoroughly tested in terms of being TCP-friendly and fair. Yet, their impact on the visual quality of the media traffic traversing Internet is still questionable. This paper investigates, in a simulated environment, the effect of incorporating TFRC on the peak signal-to-noise ratio PSNR of the transmitted video over Internet. A number of arbitrary raw videos are encoded, converted into trace files via a known tool-set, and then pushed into a simulated network environment to run over TFRC protocol with coexisting TCP flows. This scenario was run for a variety of videos having different content types, frame lengths, and motion complexity scale. The output video files of the simulations are then examine...

Energy conservation has been an important area of interest in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs). Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols play an important role in energy conservation. In this paper, we describe CSMA based MAC protocols for WSN and analyze the simulation results of these protocols. We implemented S-MAC, T-MAC, B-MAC, B-MAC+, X-MAC, DMAC and Wise-MAC in TOSSIM, a simulator which unlike other simulators simulates the same code running on real hardware. Previous surveys mainly
focused on the classification of MAC protocols according to the techniques being used or problem dealt with and presented a theoretical evaluation of protocols. This paper presents the comparative study of CSMA based protocols for WSNs, showing which MAC protocol is suitable in a particular environment and supports the arguments with the simulation results. The comparative study can be used to find the best suited MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks in different environments.

—Due to the remarkable increase in media traffic over the existing best-effort IP Internet, the Internet congestion state is expected to worsen. TCP-friendly rate control protocol TFRC is one of the most promising congestion control techniques developed so far. Those techniques have been thoroughly tested in terms of being TCP-friendly and fair. Yet, their impact on the visual quality of the media traffic traversing Internet is still questionable. This paper investigates, in a simulated environment, the effect of incorporating TFRC on the peak signal-to-noise ratio PSNR of the transmitted video over Internet. A number of arbitrary raw videos are encoded, converted into trace files via a known tool-set, and then pushed into a simulated network environment to run over TFRC protocol with coexisting TCP flows. This scenario was run for a variety of videos having different content types, frame lengths, and motion complexity scale. The output video files of the simulations are then examined in terms of PSNR. TFRC was shown to produce visually meaningful and acceptable output video files. Some variations in the PSNR values were recorded among the simulated videos. TFRC performance on slow motion videos was slightly better than on medium-motion that was better than that on high-motion videos.

In this paper, we present a distributed flow-based access scheme for slotted-time protocols, that provides proportional fairness in ad-hoc wireless networks under constraints on the buffer overflow probabilities at each node. The proposed scheme requires local information exchange at the link-layer and end-to-end information exchange at the transport-layer, and is cast as a nonlinear program. A medium access control protocol is said to be proportionally fair with respect to individual end-to-end flows in a network, if the product of the end-to-end flow rates is maximized. A key contribution of this work lies in the construction of a distributed dual approach that comes with low computational overhead. We discuss the convergence properties of the proposed scheme and present simulation results to support our conclusions.

Efficient and practical communications between large numbers of vehicles are critical in providing high level of safety and convenience to drivers. Crucial real-time information on road hazard, traffic conditions and driver services must be communicated to vehicles rapidly even in adverse environments, such as " urban canyons " and tunnels. We propose a novel routing protocol in vehicular networks that does not require position information (e.g. from GPS) but instead rely on relative position that can be determined dynamically. This GPS-Free Geographic Routing (GPSFR) protocol uses the estimated relative position of vehicles and greedily chooses the best next hop neighbor based on a Balance Advance (BADV) metric which balances between proximity and link stability in order to improve routing performance. In this paper, we focuses primarily on the complexity of routing in highways and solves routing problems that arise when vehicles are near interchanges, curves, and merge or exit lanes of highways. Our simulation results show that by taking relative velocity into account, GPSFR reduces link breakage to only 27% that of GPSR in the dense network. Consequently, GPSFR outperforms GPSR in terms of higher data delivery ratio, lower delay, less sensitivity of the network density and route paths' length.

With the increasing popularity of wireless networks due to its convenience, ease of use, configuration and shrinking of electronic devices in the modern generation, researchers have been encouraged to develop a keen interest in the area of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) which had been neglected for a long time but its growth in e Health and entertainment services in recent years has been steady. In the developing and implementation of Wireless Body Area Networks a lot of challenges have been face over the years. However, one of the key challenges which has stood out is in the developing of devices which are not only effective but also efficient in terms of power consumption which is key to any wireless devices. Specifically, there are two crucial challenges for WBAN, the first one is the tracking and maintaining of Quality of Service (QoS), i.e. the delivery probability and latency is not assured under the dynamic nature of human beings mobility and the second important issue is to ensure the energy efficiency within such a resource-constrained network. In this project, a new medium access control (MAC) protocol is proposed to tackle the above mentioned challenges. We adopt a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based protocol and dynamically adjust the transmission order and transmission duration of the nodes based on channel status and application context of WBAN. Designing a MAC layer protocols for WBANs which is reliable and efficient in terms of energy is the ultimate goal since MAC layer controls the radio activity; consequently, it is compulsory to aim at an energy efficient MAC protocol.

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Medium Access Control protocols in WSN Research Papers (original) (raw)

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