Orthographic Neighbors Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In the modern world of social media, we constantly read texts that were not subject to professional proof-reading and editing. As a result, we see misspelled words more often than the previous generations. The effects are interesting for... more

In the modern world of social media, we constantly read texts that were not subject to professional proof-reading and editing. As a result, we see misspelled words more often than the previous generations. The effects are interesting for several scientific disciplines, including psycholinguistics. Several experiments on different languages have recently demonstrated that the incidence of orthographic errors for a particular word reduces the quality of its lexical representation in the mental lexicon. As a result, it is more difficult to judge whether the word is spelled correctly, and — more surprisingly — it takes more time to read the word even when there are no errors. In the present study, our goal was to find out whether the type of orthographic errors (the orthogram) plays a role in addition to their incidence. We selected six orthograms forming two groups: more and less difficult ones. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge whether s...

In the modern world of social media, we constantly read texts that were not subject to professional proofreading and editing. As a result, we see misspelled words more often than the previous generations. The effects are interesting for... more

In the modern world of social media, we constantly read texts that were not subject to professional proofreading and editing. As a result, we see misspelled words more often than the previous generations. The effects are interesting for several scientific disciplines, including psycholinguistics. Several experiments on different languages have recently demonstrated that the incidence of orthographic errors for a particular word reduces the quality of its lexical representation in the mental lexicon. As a result, it is more difficult to judge whether the word is spelled correctly, and-more surprisingly-it takes more time to read the word even when there are no errors. In the present study, our goal was to find out whether the type of orthographic errors (the orthogram) plays a role in addition to their incidence. We selected six orthograms forming two groups: more and less difficult ones. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge whether stimulus words are spelled correctly. In Experiment 2, all stimulus words were presented in the correct spelling in a lexical decision task, i.e. we measured how fast they are processed. In Experiment 1, the type of the orthogram played a significant role, being more important than any other factor. In Experiment 2, the influence of this factor could be reduced to the incidence of incorrect spellings. In other words, when we consciously decide how to spell, the type of orthogram plays a crucial role. As a result, some errors are more frequent than others (although it is obvious that the incidence of errors can be only partially predicted by the type of orthogram). However, when we simply read words, only the incidence of errors matters, i.e. the type of orthogram affects the reading speed only indirectly.

Children under the age of five (toddler) Indonesia experience nerve development and brain disorders ranging from mild to severe. Every 2 out of 1,000 babies experience motor development disorders. Factors affecting motor development in... more

Children under the age of five (toddler) Indonesia experience nerve development and brain disorders ranging from mild to severe. Every 2 out of 1,000 babies experience motor development disorders. Factors affecting motor development in toddlers, such as hereditary, prenatal environment, postnatal environment. Nutritional status plays an important role in motor development. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of nutritional status with the development of coarse motor toddler This research is an analytical survey research with cross sectional approach. Sampling techniques used are total sampling. Sample as much as 60 toddlers. This data is collected using checklist and observation sheets. Hypothesis test using Chi square correlation analysis. Data analysis results show the value of P value (0.000) < α (0.05) which means there is a significant relationship as well as the relation of relationships belonging to the strong category with the frequency value of the c...

Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging have indicated that activities in the left inferior frontal cortex and left temporoparietal regions are associated with orthographic neighborhood size. To elucidate the temporal dynamics... more

Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging have indicated that activities in the left inferior frontal cortex and left temporoparietal regions are associated with orthographic neighborhood size. To elucidate the temporal dynamics of reading-related cortical activities, we manipulated two types of neighborhood properties for Chinese phonograms, phonetic combinability and consistency. By using source analysis techniques in combination with magnetoencephalography, the results demonstrated a combinability effect in the right fusiform gyrus at ∼170ms, which may reflect perceptual expertise in processing Chinese orthography. During 200ms to 250ms, the left anterior insula showed larger activity in reading small combinability characters than in reading large combinability characters, and the left inferior parietal cortex showed greater activity in reading low consistency characters than in reading high consistency characters. These results indicate that the left anterior insula co...