Q Fever Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Spleen, Virulence, Q Fever, Mice
- by George Kotsiou
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- Humans, Internal Medicine, Q Fever, Male
- by Alain Joly
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- Survival Analysis, Biological Sciences, Cox Regression, Q Fever
- by Emmanouil Angelakis
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- Microbiology, Veterinary Microbiology, Zoonoses, Humans
- by Ikhwan Amir
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- Algebra, Instructional Design, Southeast Asian Studies, Architecture

Although a large pastoral industry exists in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, there is no previously published information about the prevalence of immune markers for Q fever exposure in this region's population. This paper identifies the prevalence of, and factors associated with, positive immune markers of Q fever, and reports the uptake of Q fever vaccination by eligible subjects in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Data regarding Q fever risk-factors were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Immunity and previous exposure to Q fever were assessed using both serology and a skin test, in accordance with accepted protocol. Fifty-nine subjects underwent Q fever pre-vaccination testing. The prevalence of a positive skin and/or blood test, indicating past exposure was 66 per cent (95% CI 52%-78%). After controlling for age and having lived on a farm at any time, employment in the pastoral industry was the only factor significantly associated with being skin a...

- by Donna Mak
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- Multivariate Analysis, Humans, Q Fever, Health Services

Query (Q) fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii in apparently healthy sheep, goats and farm workers. Raw milk and serum samples were randomly collected from 200 sheep, goats (100 of each) and 30 farm workers from Qaluobia governorate, Egypt during 2014/2015. The milk and serum samples were investigated for IgG antibodies against C. burnetii phase II antigen by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The seropositive samples were confirmed by touch –down PCR with specific primers which amplify transposon-like region of C. burnetti. The results showed that antibodies against C. burnetii in sheep raw milk and sera were 17% and 23% respectively, in goat raw milk and sera were 19% and 27% respectively and in human was 23.3%. PCR targeting IS1111 gene confirmed the presence of C. burnetti DNA in sheep and goats raw milk and sera were 82.4%, 89.5%, 91.3% and 85.2% respectively and in farm workers was 57.1%. These results proved that the apparently healthy sheep and goats are an important reservoir of C.burnetii infection. The farm workers constitute an occupational risk group for C. burnetii infection, for their contact with infected livestock.

- by nashwa khalifa and +1
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- Molecular Biology, Zoonoses, Serology, Q Fever

SUMMARY Coxiella burnetii is the agent of Q fever, or “query fever,” a zoonosis first described in Australia in 1937. Since this first description, knowledge about this pathogen and its associated infections has increased dramatically. We review here all the progress made over the last 20 years on this topic. C. burnetii is classically a strict intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium. However, a major step in the characterization of this pathogen was achieved by the establishment of its axenic culture. C. burnetii infects a wide range of animals, from arthropods to humans. The genetic determinants of virulence are now better known, thanks to the achievement of determining the genome sequences of several strains of this species and comparative genomic analyses. Q fever can be found worldwide, but the epidemiological features of this disease vary according to the geographic area considered, including situations where it is endemic or hyperendemic, and the occurrence of large epidemic o...

- by Oleg Mediannikov
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- Zoonoses, Virulence, Humans, Q Fever

Nowadays most of people buy milk in the markets. Prepared milk (in the market) ; the application of the pasteurization and UHT method. Raw milk should be kept in pasteurized after heating(boiling) at home as our mothers does. On the other hand, pasteurization at home by boiling can cause to be lost of vitamins. Therefore , we need to know how long can we keep raw milk and pasteurized milk at home paying sufficient attention being lack in having refrigerator or electricity.

- by Fatma KUMAS
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- Vitamin D, Vitamins, Milk Technology, Tuberculosis
- by Ingmar Janse
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- Communication, Biological Sciences, Humans, Q Fever
- by Ángel Pueyo Campos
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- Medical Microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Q Fever
- by Annie Rodolakis
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- Microbiology, Veterinary Microbiology, Q Fever, Sheep
- by Dr. M . A.
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- Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae

The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in 207 cattle with reproductive disorders was studied by using an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and isolation. IF antibodies to phase I and phase II antigens of C. burnetii were found in 122 (58.9%) and 125 (60.4%) of the sera, respectively, and PCR-positives were found in 8 (3.9%) of the sera and in 51 (24.6%) of the milk samples. In addition, C. burnetii was isolated from 51 (24.6%) of the milk samples by inoculating laboratory mice. The results indicate that the IF test plus PCR are useful in the diagnosis of bovine coxiellosis. It is difficult to deny that dairy cattle with reproductive disorders would be one of the important reservoirs of C. burnetii responsible for infection in both animal and human populations in Japan.

- by Alain Joly
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- Inflammation, Bovine Mastitis, Japan, Humans
- by Bassirou Bonfoh
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- Geography, Zoonoses, Adolescent, Multidisciplinary
- by John Crump
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- Africa, Biological Sciences, Humans, Q Fever
- by Emmanouil Angelakis
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- Medical Microbiology, Saudi Arabia, Adolescent, Emerging Infectious Diseases
- by Sándor Hornok
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- Vector-Borne Disease, Zoonoses, Ticks, Q Fever

Despite cattle herds can harbor Coxiella burnetii, risk factors for C. burnetii presence in dairy cattle herds are largely unknown. Therefore, C. burnetii herd prevalence and risk factors for bulk tank milk (BTM) positivity were investigated. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was filled out by the farmer and BTM from 301 farms was tested by ELISA for presence of C. burnetii antibodies and PCR for presence of C. burnetii DNA. Risk factors were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Antibodies to C. burnetii were detected in 81.6% (CI: 77.2-85.9) and C. burnetii DNA in 18.8% (CI: 14.4-23.1) of the BTM samples. Herd size (OR=1.1 per 10 cows), cleaning the bedding of the cubicles at most every other day (OR=2.8) and purchase of cattle from at least two addresses (OR=3.1) showed a significant and positive association with ELISA positivity and use of an automatic milking system a negative association (OR=0.3). Risk factors for PCR positivity...

- by Gerdien van Schaik
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- Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Q Fever, Female, Animals
- by Carlos Gutiérrez
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- Geography, Spain, Q Fever, Sheep
- by S. Nardelli and +2
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- Biological Sciences, Pregnancy, Placenta, Q Fever
- by kenton morgan
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- Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Biology
- by Anne-Frieda Taurel
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- Microbiology, Veterinary Microbiology, Inflammation, Bovine Mastitis

- by Max Bulsara
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- Multivariate Analysis, Humans, Q Fever, Health Services
- by Karim Sidi Boumedine
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- Biological Sciences, Q Fever, Sheep, Female
- by Najmul Haider
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- Bangladesh, Zoonoses, Q Fever, ELISA
- by Raphaël Guatteo
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- Microbiology, Veterinary Microbiology, Inflammation, Bovine Mastitis
- by Gijs Bleijenberg
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- Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Treatment Outcome, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- by Eszter Balla
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- Bioinformatics, Microbiology, Life Sciences, Spain
- by A. Psaroulaki
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- Multidisciplinary, Ticks, Greece, Humans
- by kenton morgan
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- Medical Microbiology, France, Disease Outbreaks, Humans
- by alessandra martucciello
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- Toxoplasma, Zoonoses, Animal Production, Veterinary
- by Carlos Collado
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- Medical Microbiology, Zoonoses, Cell Culture, Humans

<p>*incidence = number of human cases*100000/population.</p

- by Tia Hermans
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- Microbiology, Epidemiology, Infectious disease epidemiology, Medical Microbiology

To understand the role of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) and class II MHC (MHC-II) antigen presentation pathways in host defense against C. burnetii infection, we examined if MHC-I or MHC-II deficiency in mice would significantly influence their susceptibility to virulent C. burnetii Nine Mile phase I (NMI) infection. The results indicate that NMI infection induced more severe disease in both MHC-I deficient and MHC-II deficient mice compared to WT mice, while only MHC-I deficient mice developed a severe persistent infection and were unable to control bacterial replication. These results suggest that both MHC-I restricted CD8+ T cells and MHC-II restricted CD4+ T cells contribute to host defense against primary C. burnetii infection, while MHC-I restricted CD8+ T cells appear to play a more critical role in controlling bacterial replication. Additionally, although NMI infection induced more severe disease in TAP1 deficient mice than their WT counterparts, TAP1 defi...

- by Lindsey Ledbetter
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- Biology, Medicine, Signal Transduction, Biological Sciences
- by N. Kaabia
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- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Zoonoses, Mammals, Pregnancy
- by oziol eric
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- Treatment Outcome, Humans, Q Fever, Male
- by kenton morgan and +1
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- Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Biology
- by Jesus Salinas
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- Microbiology, Zoonoses, Comparative, Veterinary

Coxiella burnetii is the causal agent of Q fever, a worldwide spread zoonosis. Prevention of C. burnetii shedding in cattle is critical to control the spread of the pathogen between animals, and from animals to humans. Vaccination with a phase 1 vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing shedding when implemented in still susceptible animals, even in infected cattle herds. The identification of these animals (dairy cows and nulliparous females) as targets for vaccination consequently is crucial. Hygiene measures conventionally also are implemented, but their relative impact on C. burnetii diffusion remains unknown. The objectives of this study therefore were to (i) describe the distribution of the within-herd apparent seroprevalence among cows and nulliparous females and (ii) to explore the association between management practices and herd characteristics on the one hand, and these seroprevalences on the other. In a sample of 100 naturally and clinically infected dairy herds, blood samples were taken systematically from all nulliparous females (older than 12 months) and cows, and serologically tested. Information on herd characteristics and management practices were collected through a questionnaire filled in by each farmer. The variation in within-herd seroprevalence among cows and the risk for a herd of having at least one seropositive nulliparous female were investigated using multivariate (linear and logistic respectively) regression models. Median within-herd seroprevalence was 0.32 (Q1 = 0.22; Q3 = 0.43). We observed a low to null (median = 0.01; Q1 = 0; Q3 = 0.10) within-herd seroprevalence in nulliparous females contrary to a high value (median = 0.42) and variability (Q1 = 0.28; Q3 = 0.56) in cows. Only a few herd characteristics and management practices were found to be related to seroprevalence. Within-herd seroprevalence in cows was found to be significantly (P < 0.10) higher in herds (i) with a number of cows < 46, (ii) with seasonal calving, and (iii) with grazing or contact through the fence with other ruminant herds. The risk of having at least one seropositive nulliparous female was increased in herds (i) with seasonal calving and (ii) where the foetus and/or the placenta of aborted cows were not systematically removed. Our findings support, in addition to the implementation of high level of hygiene measures, the relevance of vaccination (at least in nulliparous females) as a method to control the spread of C. burnetii within an infected herd, as vaccination is effective in susceptible animals and given that nulliparous females are mostly not infected even in infected herds.

- by Anne-Frieda Taurel
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- France, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Seasonality, Q Fever
- by Heather Gidding
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- Australia, Adolescent, Biological Sciences, Humans

A long-term active surveillance of Q fever was conducted in Cyprus organized in two phases. Following serological tests and identification of seropositive humans and animals for C. burnetii in two villages (VIL1 and VIL2), all seronegative individuals were followed up for one year on a monthly basis by trained physicians to detect possible seroconversion for Q fever. In the second phase of the study, active surveillance for one year was conducted in the entire Cyprus. Physicians were following specific case definition criteria for Q fever. Standardized questionnaires, a geographical information system on a regional level, Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) examinations and shell vial technique were used. Eighty-one seronegative humans and 239 seronegative animals from both villages participated in the first phase surveillance period of Q fever. Despite the small number of confirmed clinical cases (2 humans and 1 goat), a significant percentage of new seropositives for C. burnetii (44.4%...

- by Elpidoforos Soteriades
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- Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Cyprus, Humans
- by Ludovit Skultety and +1
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- Proteomics, Extracellular Matrix, Lipopolysaccharide, Virulence
- by Nanette Alvarez
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- Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electrocardiography, Echocardiography, Humans
- by Ian Njeru
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- Medical Microbiology, Cell Phones, Kenya, Emerging Infectious Diseases

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for the differentiation of 80 Coxiella burnetii isolates derived from animals and humans in Europe, USA, Africa and Asia. After NotI restriction of total C. burnetii DNA and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) 20 different restriction patterns were distinguished. The index of discrimination for this typing system was 0·86. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the different RFLP patterns revealed evolutionary relationships among groups that corresponded to the geographical origin of the isolates. This finding was confirmed by genetic mapping. No correlation between restriction group and virulence of isolates was detected.

- by Hermann Willems
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- Phylogeny, Discriminant Analysis, Humans, Q Fever
- by Emmanouil Angelakis
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- France, Biological Sciences, Virulence, Pregnancy