Theories of Gender and Transgender Research Papers (original) (raw)

In light of recent "bathroom bills" in several states, this essay addresses gender identity in the Bible, which proponents of the bills claim supports their legislation. However, this essay argues that the Bible challenges many aspects of gender, especially in Roman perspective, and actually supports a more tolerant and communal respect for gender identity and the transgender community as a whole.

In 1972, Syed Mustafa Siraj (1930-2012) published Māyā Mridanga, a novel which has attained an iconic status in recent years[1], with the advent of queer studies and a proliferation of queer texts in South Asia. Since its first appearance, the novel, set within an almost extinct itinerant folk theatre group, Alkaap, drew the attention of scholars working on aboriginal and folk cultures of Bengal; but, they have largely ignored Siraj’s declaration in the 1972 preface that the novel primarily deals with the cross-dressing male actors (p.5), the chhokras–jara purush tobu purush noy, nari – tobu nari o noy (Men, who are not men, but women – yet, not quite women either, p. 12). Siraj’s novel is a rare modern Bengali text to address deep philosophical questions of sexual subject formation, of essence and existence, of being and becoming.

- by Kaustav Bakshi
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- Gender Studies, Queer Studies, Sex and Gender, Transgender Studies

This was a research paper for a course entitled Feminist and Multicultural Theologies. I unpack what gender complementarianism is, examine its history, and compare it to how Scripture and earlier Christian Tradition understood gender. This allows me to establish that gender complementarianism is a recent innovation in secular and Christian thinking about gender, and that it can be described as a "trajectory" from Scripture and Tradition on gender, influenced by social, ideological, and intellectual developments in secular societies. I then pursue a critique of gender complementarianism, arguing that it is an "unsatisfactory trajectory" because it has troubling implications for orthodox theology, is not borne out by empirical experience and observation, and has harmful effects on human beings and societies and on ethical development.

- by Caleb M Day
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- History, Gender Studies, Ethics, Normative Ethics

Objectives This study sought to explore perspectives of trans and gender diverse (TGD) people of ways to alleviate gender dysphoria in service provision and to develop a framework for application in health and other areas that can be used... more

- by Tiffany Jones
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- Sociology, Psychology, Gender Studies, Education

Who was Catalina de Erauso, the Lieutenant Nun? Swashbuckler, brawler, hard-headed businessperson, soldier, gallant, celebrity, transvestite, nun? How can one fail to be fascinated by her? A woman, yet a man; a soldier, yet a nun; Spanish, yet Basque. Catalina de Erauso embodied the contradictions and conflicts of the Early Modern Period, but she also transcended them in her own way. She became a stage on which we see how tensions between different identities played out in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Spain, particularly the tensions between two sexual identities, male and female, and between the competing and multiple national "identities" already defined and being defined within that new thing that was "Spain." This book explores the different facets of Erauso's persona: her sexual identity and the factors that determined her choice of gender roles; and her Basque origin and its impact on her life and her self-image.

Today, individual identities often undergo radical conversions that were thought to be fantastical only decades ago: transformations of race, sex, gender, and more. These transformations are of great interest to the public, as evidenced by the frequent coverage of trans issues and personal transitions of all kinds on television and in popular magazines. Caitlyn Jenner changes from a man into a woman. Rachel Dolezal changes from a white woman to a black one. It is not new that people attempt these renovations of identity – but what is new is the mainstream insistence upon the totality and truth of these transformations. And while race and gender are certainly different matters, the techniques used to signify them in rhetorical contexts are remarkable similar. The growing discourse on these topics indicates that we have perhaps arrived at a " trans-moment " – a cultural impasse with possibilities for new kinds of transformations to occur. This moment calls for a theoretical reconsideration of ethos, how it functions differently now than it has in the past, and how it is successfully communicated in new mediated contexts. Although people who testify to these transformations often posit their new ethos as self-evident, major renovations of personal identity require sophisticated rhetorical performances in order to win the recognition of others.

- by Adam Ellwanger
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- Gender Studies, Media Studies, Self and Identity, Transgender Studies

The article engages with trans male video blogs on YouTube, framing them as living archives that offer unique opportunities to access and share embodied trans knowledges—which have previously been limited or inaccessible—such as information about and visual accounts of medical transitioning processes. It is argued that archiving one's transition works through a kind of performative documentation, partly documenting and partly instantiating the transformation by tracking and tracing the bodily changes. Testosterone figures as the transformative technology, while the upper body becomes the privileged site of self-fashioning. YouTube hereby offers an alternative and empowering archive of how trans male bodies could look, while its cumulative effects also play a significant role in determining how they should look.

- by Tobias Raun
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- Media Studies, New Media, Digital Media, Social Media

This article explores the intersection between trans identity and technology as it manifests in trans video blogs on YouTube. Taking my point of departure in eight case-study vloggers I analyse the different ways that the vlog can work as a medium of transformation. The vlogs engender the ongoing process of 'becoming' man/woman/trans by inscribing the vlogger in multiple and intersubjective reflections, being visible to themselves and others as an image. I argue that the co-production of trans identity in/through the vlog takes the shape of a mirror, a digital diary or autobiography, and as artistic explorations and communications. The article demonstrates how vloggers take advantage of the multimodality of the medium to tell stories of trans that can animate and motivate others to dare to be visible or claim an identity as trans.

- by Tobias Raun
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- Digital Media, Transformation, Social Media, Theories of Gender and Transgender
- by Iwo Nord and +2
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- Gender Studies, Queer Studies, Feminist Theory, Transgender Studies

This paper offers a discussion of the rationale for the creation of sports categorization criteria based on sporting genealogy and the gendered body, as proposed by Torres et al. in their article 'Beyond Physiology: Embodied Experience, Embodied Advantage, and the Inclusion of Transgender Athletes in Competitive Sport'. The strength of their 'phenomenological' account lies in its complex account of human experience; but this is also what makes it impractical and difficult to operationalize. Categorization rather requires simplicity and practicability, if it is to be applied to all athletes (and not exceptionally to transgender athletes). This discussion helps us to formulate three general principles for the process of categorization of athletes, relating to fairness, verifiability and practicability.

- by Tobias Raun
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- Research Ethics, Digital Media, Social Media, Theories of Gender and Transgender

Using a review of internationally informed literature, United States policy, and teaching stories, this article frames the nuances of teacher education for positive advocacy for young children and their families who are in sexual or gender minority groups. The article discusses the use of biological knowledge(s) and fuller understandings of sexuality versus gender, as fluid, but not equal, constructs. We include the current challenges for full inclusion as well as anti-bias responses, rather than bully prevention, to support lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT+) young children and/or their families. When the classroom includes those students who are questioning their gender, or who are performing gender-ambiguous or gender-nonconforming behaviors (+), parents often turn to teachers for support. Our paper explores current advocacy skills that teachers need in order to support children and their families reach their fullest potential(s).

Paper given at the Feminism and Classics conference, University of Washington, May 2016

- by Alex Sharpe
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- Criminal Justice, Queer Studies, Transgender Studies, Queer Theory

Washington, DC. has many of the most progressive and trans inclusive non-discrimination laws in the nation, yet transgender, transsexual, trans-spectrum (henceforth ‘trans’) and gender-non conforming residents continue to experience devastatingly high rates of poverty, under- and unemployment, employment discrimination, and health disparities. As a means to address these issues, members of the community, academics, activists, and volunteers worked together to develop a needs assessment survey that could directly document the issues facing trans and gender non-conforming residents of Washington, DC. Now completed, this survey, the “Trans Needs Assessment Survey,” is, to date, the largest city-based, trans-specific needs assessment in US history, with over 500 participants. In addition to documenting a significant portion of the Washington, DC population (roughly 602,000 in 2013), the process of developing and implementing this survey integrated redistributive justice models of social action and applied academic work, providing fiscal and professional growth opportunities to members of the trans and gender non-conforming community—in particular trans women of color— in Washington, DC. All funds raised in assistance of this project were funneled directly to those trained to collect surveys, while those with academic and professional
affiliations donated labor and expertise. We, the coalition of activists, academics, and community members that came together to do this work, directly attribute the success of this survey to these public and redistributive justice models and implore those making use of this data to employ these same models in their own work.

- by Elijah A Edelman and +1
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- Health Sciences, Gender Studies, Queer Studies, Sex and Gender
- by Johnson Albright
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- Theories of Gender and Transgender, Jordan Peterson

This chapter addresses the question of what an art educator should do in the face of visual culture's influence on political decision making regarding reproductive rights. I recount dialogues about two overtly political artworks that I created shortly before the 2012 presidential election. The chapter engages with Julia Serano's (2007) concepts of oppositional sexism, cissexism, and transmisogyny to focus analysis of the dialogues. I ask in my analysis: Who is included and excluded in discussions about reproductive rights legislation? How does institutional policy and practice affect the context in which such discussions take place? How do assumptions based on oppositional sexism shape these discussions? How does meaning in art about reproductive rights shift based on the changed gender of the artist? How has the focus on gender shifted for the current political cycle?

- by Kevin C Jenkins
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- Transgender Studies, Visual Culture, Feminism, Theories of Gender and Transgender

We will explore the gendered viewpoints and voices of a variety of essayists, writers, filmmakers, storytellers, historians, and activists. In particular, we will investigate how personal & political identities (like gender, race, class, and sexuality) position individuals differently in society, which contributes to how individuals experience and make sense of their world. We will study how our own relationships within American cultural systems of privilege and oppression contribute to the theories, ideas, narratives, norms, and stories we see as the " norm. " We will examine how individuals resist inequalities, create new systems of change, and engage in transformational politics. Although some of the focus of the course is women's experiences, we will question what the term " woman " actually means by expanding the category to include a range of diverse perspectives. We will consider women, men, and non-binary individuals equally as agents of change, whose lives and projects impact the direction of feminism, culture, and " voice " on a wider scale.

- by Sarah Ray Rondot
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- Sociology, Media Studies, Women's Studies, Feminist Theory

and Introduction Abstract Background: Previous studies have found that teaspoons are commonly used to administer liquid medications to children. The capacity of household teaspoons ranges from 1.5 mL to 9 mL, potentially leading to errors in dosing. There are few studies evaluating alternative measuring devices. Objective: To assess adult consumers' previous experience with measuring devices for oral liquids, compare the accuracy of an oral syringe with that of a dosing cup, and determine consumer perceptions of accuracy and ease of use of an oral syringe and a dosing cup. Methods: Individuals at least 18 years of age were shown a picture of 5 commonly used measurement devices and asked their perceptions of and experience with the devices. They were then asked to measure a 5 mL (1 teaspoon) dose of Tylenol (acetaminophen) suspension, using the EZY Dose oral syringe and the dosing cup provided by the manufacturer. An acceptable dose was defined as 5.0 ± 0.5 mL. Following the measurement, participants completed a 5 item survey that assessed their perceptions of the accuracy and ease of use of the syringe and dosing cup. Results: A total of 96 subjects completed the study. Participants more commonly reported use of droppers (68%), dosing cups (67%), and teaspoons (62%) versus cylindrical spoons (49%) or oral syringes (49%) for measuring oral liquids. Sixty-four (66.7%) subjects measured an acceptable dose using the syringe versus 14 subjects (14.6%) using the cup (p < 0.001). The mean volumes ± SD measured with the syringe and cup were 4.5 ± 0.7 mL and 6.3 ± 0.7 mL, respectively (p < 0.001). After using both devices, the majority of subjects believed that the syringe (80%) and cup (71%) would measure an accurate dose. Most (87%) participants perceived that the cup was easy to use; 63% believed that the syringe was easy to use. Conclusions: Droppers and dosing cups were the most commonly used devices in the home for measuring liquid medications. Subjects were more likely to measure an acceptable dose with an oral syringe when compared with a dosing cup. However, a large proportion of study participants were unable to measure an accurate dose with either device. Community pharmacists should educate caregivers on the selection and proper use of measuring devices to improve the accuracy of medication administration in the home.

- by Jaydi Funk
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- Pediatrics, Pharmacy, Gender Studies, Theories of Gender and Transgender
- by Joshua Trey Barnett
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- Communication, Visual Studies, Rhetoric, Transgender Studies

Quote from the review:
"As well as giving complex accounts of embodied subjectivity through emphasis on intersectional analysis, the second Reader makes evident how transgender studies has moved beyond poststructuralist perspectives on gendered embodiment, which is a shift that is in line with emerging themes and conceptual developments in feminist, queer and gender studies more generally. However, as the articles do not follow a specific theoretical shift, this move is not made normative. Instead the anthology as a whole oscillates between different perspectives and concepts. It should, moreover, be mentioned that the articles overall are written by authors who do remarkable, thorough and sound theoretical and empirical work. While most of the texts are new, there are also some classical texts that have been published previously. On the whole, Transgender Studies Reader 2 demonstrates the maturation and expansion of the ﬁeld, at the same time as it shows the importance of previous work."

- by Iwo Nord
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- Cultural Studies, Gender Studies, Queer Studies, Humanities

The argument of this paper is that, despite their limits, gender 'proliferations' like non-binary and genderqueer are the most effective and pragmatic approaches to overcoming or dismantling the gender binary whilst also expanding the range of 'cultural resources' of gender in the meantime. We make this case with the political and ethical caveat, however, that it would be politically ideal for these invocations of proliferation to be complemented by ongoing attempts to challenge sex/gender itself. We first outline the many ways that non-binary and genderqueer identities are invoked by numerous commentators as either symbols of progress, or weaponised for antithetical political purposes by a coalition of forces hostile to their proliferation. We then outline a defence of these identities as ontologically, pragmatically and socially justified, with feminist and queer political potential. We will make an argument as to why the invocation of non-binary and genderqueer as identity or subject positions is both understandable, due to the cultural constraints of the compulsarity of gender identity in society, and a potentially politically effective strategy. We then go on to engage, generously, with some potential limitations around non-binary and genderqueer and their potential collapse in to normativity, and consider how these may be addressed or mitigated against by a queer ethics. In short, we argue that non-binary and genderqueer can be understood as ways to make space in a structure that is not likely to crumble any time soon. NOTE: Both authors wish to acknowledge that they live and work on stolen land, never ceded by the custodians, the Wurundjeri people of the Kulin nation. We pay our respects to elders past and present and to the ways that gender and sexuality have long been understood by the Indigenous custodians of these lands.

- by Lucy Nicholas and +1
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- Gender Studies, Feminist Theory, Transgender Studies, Gender and Sexuality
- by Seth T. Pardo
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- Psychology, Gender Studies, Queer Studies, Transgender Studies

Miss van der Rohe, La Corbusier, Francine Bacon, Jacqueline Pollock, série « Portraits grandeur nature » d'Agnès Thurnauer, 2007, résine et peinture epoxy, 120 cm de diamètre. © Courtesy Galerie Anne de Villepoix, Paris [225]

- by Jerome Courduries
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- Sociology, Gender Studies, Anthropology, Self and Identity

For de fleste mennesker samsvarer kjønnsidentitet og uttrykk med kjønnet som ble registrert ved fødselen. For transpersoner er det annerledes. I denne artikkelen utforskes kjønnsteori, polaritetsteori og relaterte prosesser i en samtalegruppe med transpersoner. Artikkelen viser hvordan polaritetsteori og arbeid gir mening og skaper endring for deltagerne i gruppen. Denne tilnærmingen er i overensstemmelse med det nyere paradigmet innen transforskning og utfordrer rådende medisinsk praksis i Norge som baserer seg på en binær og snever forståelse av kjønn.

- by Vikram Kolmannskog
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- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Gender Studies, Transgender Studies

Twelfth Night (or What You Will) is one of other famous comedies written by William Shakespeare about 1599-1601. Its main characters can be said as Orsino, Viola (Cesario), Olivia, Sebastian, and Clown (Feste). This essay is divided into two parts. The first part is about love relationship, marriage and transgender issues throughout discussing characters, especially Viola (Cesario), Orsino and Olivia, in the play Twelfth Night. The second part is about resemblance between character Cesario and playwright William Shakespeare and his personal life, sexuality, relationship with “Fair Young Man” and love triangle in his sonnets.

- by Selenay Yıldırım
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- English Literature, Self and Identity, Literature, Transgender Studies

From the Sexuality & Cyberspace issue of Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory (1997)

Srdjan Karanović's Virgina (Virdžina, 1992) and Želimir Žilnik's Marble Ass (Dupe od mramora, 1994) are both Yugoslav films whose main characters are transvestites. Set in the mythic past, Virgina is about a sworn virgin (virdžina, tobelije, muškobanja) -- a village girl raised as a male because the family had no male children. Virgina shows a culturally conservative society in which the expectation that the virgina will live as a man comes into conflict with her desire to live as she wants. In the west we usually think of transvestites and transgender people as going against societal norms to perform their desired identities. In the case of sworn virgins, it is the patriarchal society that forces the women to live as men.
Marble Ass, on the other hand, features a male-to-female transvestite prostitute who works the streets of Beograd during the war in Bosnia. The film exploits the nationalist expectations of conformity to traditional norms of gender and sexuality. Žilnik in effect reappropriates the nationalists' charges of homosexuality and effeminacy by making the transvestite prostitute the hero of his film.
Virgina and Marble Ass provide an index of cultural expectations about the performance of gender and sexuality in Yugoslavia. The paper uses Judith Butler and Marjorie Garber's work on the construction of gender to analyze these films and place them in their cultural context. Both films call into question essential gender--and, by extension, nationality-- as a stable identity.

- by Kevin Moss
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- Gender Studies, Gender and Sexuality, Gay And Lesbian Studies, Gender
- by Jim Forsyth Harris
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- Psychoanalysis, Sex and Gender, Gender, Theories of Gender and Transgender
- by Nicholas Teich
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- Gender Studies, Queer Studies, Women's Studies, Transgender Studies

This paper draws on psychoanalytic theories of embodiment to theorize the child’s creative use of objects and signs to represent a gendered sense of self. Turning to Winnicott’s concept of “true self,” we extend this symbolic labour to the transgender child to illustrate the psychic processes of embodiment that contribute to a meaningful gendered existence otherwise obstructed by social hatred and transphobia. Through a reading of the film Tomboy, we discuss the conditions needed to support the child’s representation of transgender as creative, which, while unique, is also a human act of symbolization.

- by RM Kennedy and +1
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- Psychoanalysis, Gender Studies, Sex and Gender, Transgender Studies

En el presente texto se analizarán los procesos de modificación corporal −o procesos de feminización− de las mujeres trans 2 en Cataluña. Para ello, nos serviremos de algunos de los conceptos que conforman el andamiaje de la antropología médica y los adaptaremos a la realidad estudiada. Frente al reduccionismo biologicista del paradigma médico, se concebirá la transexualidad como un fenómeno subjetivo, cultural y social. De esta forma, la transexualidad aparecerá como un fenómeno complejo que adquiere significación en un contexto caracterizado por unos ideales y normas de género, expectativas corporales e identitarias, controles y sanciones sociales, relaciones jerarquizadas, tecnologías y discursos científicos y determinados sistemas de atención.

- by Jordi Mas Grau
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- Sexuality, Gender and Sexuality, Theories of Gender and Transgender

The paper highlighted the discrimination against and exploitation of women at global level. Efforts made at global level in promoting gender equality in education and employment opportunities through gender mainstreaming were discussed. Women and girls under representation in science and technology education in Nigeria were discussed and instructional strategies for mainstreaming gender in science and technology classrooms in Nigeria were highlighted. Some recommendations were made among which were that science and technology educators should incorporate strategies for mainstreaming gender into the teacher education programmes. Furthermore, that government should set up gender units and focal point in each state of the country to address such gender issues as gender inequality in science and technology education, discrimination in employment opportunities and job security.

- by Dr. Josephine N Okoli
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- Gender Studies, Gender and Sexuality, Gender, Gender Equality

The Genesis of Gender by Mary Kassian (True Woman '10) Genesis lays out God's blueprint for gender: Gender _________ God (Isa. 43:7) Creation displays two very important things about Him: (Rom. 1:20) • Person: Who God _______ (His Nature) • Plan: What God _________ (His Power) Gender tells the _______________________ of the Gospel. 12 Markers of Manhood & Womanhood (Genesis 2) 1. The Male was Firstborn (v. 7) Exercising godly __________________ and ____________________ is a big part of what manhood is all about. 2. The Male was put in the Garden (v.15) The Lord set the male up to be the _______________ of a new family unit. 3. The Male was commissioned to Provide (v. 15) Work contains the idea of __________________ someone other than oneself. 4. The Male was commissioned to Protect (v. 15) The physical protection mirrors the ___________________ protection that God wants men to provide for their families. 5. The Male received Spiritual Instruction (vv. 16-17) The man had a special ___________________ to learn and understand the ways of the Lord. 6. The Male learned to Exercise Authority (vv. 19-20) The Lord wanted the male to learn to exercise his _________________ authority with gentleness, kindness, wisdom and much care.

This chapter discusses recent scholarship on Catalina de Erauso-'the Lieutenant Nun'-one of the more controversial figures of the early seventeenth century. Erauso fled from a convent at age fifteen; from then on, she dressed as a man and lived a life of travel, violence, and adventure. Her autobiography replicates the fluidity of her gender assignment, showing elements from different religious and secular writings. Both the person and the text are characterized by their defying of categorization. In Erauso, binary oppositions such as male/female, saint/sinner, Basque/ Spaniard seem to be subsumed. Erauso's Basque origin emerges as a key element for the understanding of her life, and her story becomes a privileged documentation of the Basque experience in America in the early modern era. In the early modern period, political borders were often in flux, and people were 'strongly aware of the potentially shifting, unstable nature of borders, which are arbitrary and political'. 1 This fluctuation, however, was not confined merely to political boundaries. Humans have long understood that edges-whether they be of countries, between the spiritual and the secular, and indeed between categories of classification and study-are, in 1 Hopkins, Renaissance Drama on the Edge, 106.

- by Eva Mendieta
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- Latin American Studies, Gender Studies, Basque Studies, Early Modern History
- by Ruth Oldenziel
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- Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Gender History, Labor History (U.S. history)